Anoectochilus

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Marbled jewel orchids
Anoectochilus setaceus.jpg
Anoectochilus setaceus
1844 iIllustration[2]
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Subtribe: Goodyerinae
Genus: Anoectochilus
Blume[1]
Type species
Anoectochilus setaceus
Blume
Species

See text

Anoectochilus, commonly known as marbled jewel orchids[3] or filigree orchids,[4] is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured leaves with contrasting veins. The flowers are relatively large and have a large labellum, markedly different from the sepals and petals.

Description[]

Orchids in the genus Anoectochilus are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, above-ground rhizome with wiry roots that look woolly. The leaves are arranged in a rosette and are relatively broad and thin. They are dark green or brownish purple and have a contrasting network of silvery or reddish veins. The flowers are relatively large, hairy, velvety, resupinate and arranged in a short spike. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap to form a hood over the column with the lateral sepals spreading apart from each other. The labellum is relatively large with two sections - an upper "epichile" and lower "hypochile" separated by a narrow section. The hypochile has a cylinder-shaped spur containing two large glands and is joined to the epichile with a "claw" that has spreading teeth or a long fringe. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming[]

The genus Anoectochilus was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and Anoectochilus setaceus was the first species he described, hence it is the type species.[7] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words anoiktos (ἀνοικτός) meaning "opened" and cheilos (χεῖλος) meaning "lip".[8]

Distribution[]

Orchids in this genus range from the Himalayas to south China, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia and Hawaii,[9] found in moist areas with deep shade.[3][4]

List of species[]

The following is a list of species recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at May 2018:[1]

  • C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. (1874) : white lines anoectochilus (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
  • Loudon (1855)
  • (2007) (Vietnam)[10]
  • (K.Y.Lang) Ormerod (2003) (China, Hainan)
  • Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. (1840) : short-lipped Anoectochilus
  • (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907)
  • Rolfe (1922)
  • Aver. (1996 publ. 1997).
  • Ormerod (2005) (Sumatra)
  • Ormerod (2013) (Sumatra)
  • Lindl. (1857).
  • K.Y.Lang (1982)
  • Ormerod (2005) (Malaysia)
  • Blume (1825).
  • Hayata (1914). (Chinese: 臺灣金線蓮; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan kim-sòaⁿ-liân))
  • Ridl. (1896) (Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra)
  • H.Z.Tian, F.W.Xing & L.Li (2008).
  • Schltr. (1906).
  • Schltr. (1911).
  • Carr (1935).
  • (Rolfe) J.J.Wood & Ormerod (1994).
  • (Schltr.) S.Thomas (2002).
  • Anoectochilus koshunensis Hayata (1914).
  • J.J.Sm. (1922).
  • H.Jiang & H.Z.Tian (2014).
  • Rolfe ex Downie (1925).
  • W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui (2010).
  • J.J.Wood (2004).
  • Y.Feng Huang & X.C.Qu (2015).
  • Sumathi & al. (2003).
  • N.P.Balakr. & P.Chakra (1978 publ. 1979).
  • Aver. (2007).
  • (Schltr.) W.Kittr. (1984 publ. 1985).
  • (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907).
  • K.Y.Lang (1996).
  • Blume (1858).
  • Blume (1858).
  • Ormerod (2002).
  • (Wall.) Lindl. (1839).
  • Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl. (1840)
  • Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (1825) : bristly anoectochilus (type species)
  • (Rchb.f.) Ormerod (1996).
  • (J.J.Sm.) J.B.Comber (2001).
  • Z.H.Tsi & X.H.Jin (2002).
  • Anoectochilus yatesiae F.M.Bailey (1907) (Queensland)
  • Anoectochilus zhejiangensis Z.Wei & Y.B.Chang (1989).

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Anoectochilus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. ^ Walter Hood Fitch (1817-1892) del. Swan sc. William Jackson Hooker (1785—1865) ed. - "Curtis's botanical magazine" vol. 70 tab. 4123
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 346. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Anoectochilus". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  5. ^ "Anoectochilus". Flora of China. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  6. ^ "Genus: Anoectochilus". North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Anoectochilus setaceus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  8. ^ Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
  9. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  10. ^ "New plant and animal species found in Vietnam" Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine CNN. September 27, 2007.
  • Ormerod Paul (2005). "Notulae Goodyerinae (II)". Taiwania. 50 (1): 1–10.

External links[]

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