Aquad

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Aquad is a free computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) that supports content analysis of open data in qualitative research in psychology, education, sociology, philosophy, medicine, ethnography, politics, etc. Open data are usually collected through observation, introspection, narratives, discussion groups, interviews, etc.

Author[]

Aquad was developed in Germany in 1987 by , professor at the Department of Educational Psychology at the Institute of Educational Science at the University of Tübingen, to make up for limited manpower at content analysis in a research project.

Description[]

Aquad provides classical tools of content analysis as:

• Text searching: looking for segments in texts.
• Coding: labeling segments in texts, audios, photos, or videos.
• Writing memos (annotation): inserting annotations linked to parts or whole texts, audios, photos, or videos.
• Word analysis: counting words according to criteria.
• Retrieving by file name, code, keyword, or parts of memo texts: Retrieving segments according to criteria.
• Table analysis: constructing tables combining criteria and arranging data in rows and columns.
• Construction of linkage hypotheses: looking for relationships among codes.
• Comparison of cases/files: contrasting coding among files.
• Sequential analysis, as a part of the objective hermeneutics approach.
• Comparison of cases by Boolean analysis of critical features and identification of „types“ as introduced by Charles Ragin.
• Export data to quantitative softwares as R, SPSS, and PSPP for statistical analysis.

Possibilities[]

Presentation of data[]

Data could be analysed as written text, audio, photo, or video. Initially, Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software analysed only verbal texts. The observation, introspection, narratives, discussion groups, interviews, etc. were transcribed and CAQDAS only analysed the transcription (linguistics).

Situation of data[]

Data could be directly analysed on the screen (one-step) or outside (two-steps). One-step allows to code on the screen with digitalised data. Two-steps allows to enter codes on the screen keeping the documents as realia on the desk or in other means as cameras, TV, etc. For instance, two-steps allows to analyse recordings, diaries, incunabula, or objects without transcribing, taking photos, or scanning them.

Comparison of cases/files by Boolean analysis[]

Aquad allows comparison of cases/files by "logical minimization". It applies Boolean method of qualitative comparison by Ragin (1989) and detects critical features to identify types of cases.

Versions[]

The current available version is 8, and includes examples of analyses of written text, audio, photo, and video. Aquad is available in German, English, and Spanish.

See also[]

• Case study
• Qualitative economics
• Qualitative marketing research
• Qualitative psychological research
• Qualitative research

References[]

• Huber, G. L. & Gürtler, L. (2013) AQUAD 7. Manual: The Analysis of Qualitative data. Tübingen: Ingeborg Huber Verlag. Download
• Ragin, C. C. (1989) The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Google Books

External links[]

• Official website
• Official manual
• Spanish Association for the Advance of Qualitative Research (2018). AQUAD 7: programa análisis de datos de acceso abierto. Asociación Española para el Avance de la Investigación Cualitativa.
• Feliz Murias, T. (2012). Análisis de contenido de la comunicación asíncrona en la formación universitaria (Content analysis of asynchronous communication in the university training).Revista de Educación, 358, Mayo-agosto 2012, pp. 282-309.
• Gil Flores, J. (Director) (2007). El tratamiento de datos en investigación cualitativa con AQUAD^{[permanent dead link]} (Data processing in qualitative research). Universidad de Sevilla.
• López Regalado, O. (2008). Tutorial of Aquad 6.
• Ricoy Lorenzo, M.C., Sevillano García, M.L. & Feliz Murias, T. (2011). Competencias necesarias para la utilización de las principales herramientas de Internet en la educación (Competences Needed to Use the Main Internet Tools in Education). Revista de Educación, 356. Septiembre-diciembre 2011, pp. 483-507.