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Archimède in 1961, on launch
History
France
Name
Archimède
Namesake
Archimedes
Commissioned
27 July 1961
General characteristics
Type
Bathyscaphe
Displacement
61 tons
The bathyscapheArchimède is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy. It used 42,000 US gallons (160,000 l) of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float.[1] It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot.[2] In 1964, Archimède descended into "what was then thought to be the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench",[3] which the NY Times reported as 27,500 feet (8,400 m).[4] On 21 December 2018, a dive by Victor Vescovo in the DSV Limiting Factor found the "true bottom"[5] of the Atlantic Ocean to be 27,480 feet (8,380 m),[6] in the first manned descent to the deepest "verified bottom"[7] of the Atlantic Ocean.
Archimède was christened on 27 July 1961, at the French Navy base of Toulon. It was designed to go beyond 30,000 feet (9,100 m),[8] and displaced 61 tons.[9] In October 1961, Archimède passed its first dive tests, diving to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) unmanned.[10] On 27 November 1961, Archimède achieved a speed of 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph), over a distance of 4.5 miles (7.2 km) at a depth of 7,870 feet (2,400 m) in the Mediterranean Sea.[11]
On 23 May 1962, Archimède descended to 15,744 feet (4,799 m) off Honshu, Japan, in the Pacific, at the .[12] On 15 July 1962, Archimède descended to 31,350 feet (9,560 m) into the , making it the second deepest dive ever, at that point in time, second only to the Bathyscaphe Trieste dive on the Challenger Deep.[13] On 12 August 1962, Archimède descended to 30,511 feet (9,300 m) in the Japan Deep south of Tokyo.[14]
Archimède explored the Mid-Atlantic Ridge jointly with the submarine Cyana and submersible DSV Alvin, in Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) in 1974.[15][16][17][18]
Archimède operated until the 1970s.[19] It was placed on reserve in 1975, and decommissioned in 1978.[20]
Since 2001, Archimède is on display[21] at the Cité de la Mer museum in Cherbourg.