Atractus

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Atractus
Atractus species (a-f).jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Subfamily: Dipsadinae
Genus: Atractus
Wagler, 1828
Synonyms

Adelphicos, Brachyorrhos, Calamaria, Isoscelis, Rabdosoma, Rhegnops[1]

Atractus is a genus of colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus includes more than 140 distinct species.[2]

Geographic range[]

Snakes of the genus Atractus are endemic to Central and South America.[1]

Description[]

In the genus Atractus the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales. The preocular is usually absent, and the loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The subcaudals are paired.[1]

Reproduction[]

The genus Atractus is oviparous.[3]

Species[]

The following species are recognized as being valid.[3]

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Atractus.

  • , , , & , 2019
  • Passos, & Barrio-Amorós, 2009
  • Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas, & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021
  • Atractus albuquerquei Cunha & , 1983 – Albuquerque ground snake[4]
  • Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
  • Passos & , 2008
  • G. Köhler & , 2014
  • , 1944
  • Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010
  • Passos, , , & , 2018
  • Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010
  • Myers & , 2006
  • Passos et al., 2009
  • , 2011
  • Atractus badius (F. Boie, 1827)
  • Prado, 1941 – two-lined ground snake[5]
  • F. Werner, 1909 – Bock's ground snake[6]
  • Boulenger, 1894 – Bocourt's ground snake[7][6]
  • Passos, Prudente, & Lynch, 2016
  • Peracca, 1896
  • Passos et al., 2010
  • G. Köhler & Kieckbusch, 2014
  • Parker, 1930
  • & , 2006
  • et al., 2017 – brown-and-yellow ground snake[8]
  • , 2004
  • Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010
  • Dunn & Bailey, 1939
  • Peracca, 1896
  • Atractus crassicaudatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – thickhead ground snake
  • Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa-Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
  • Myers, 2003
  • Myers, 2003
  • (Boulenger, 1880)
  • Roze, 1961 – Venezuela ground snake
  • Savage, 1955
  • Passos et al., 2009
  • Savage, 1955
  • et al., 2005
  • (Günther, 1858)
  • Gonzalez-Sponga, 1971
  • (Boettger, 1888)
  • Esqueda, & , 2007
  • Boulenger, 1903
  • Arteaga et al., 2017 – indistinct ground snake[8]
  • (de Filippi, 1840)
  • Atractus flammigerus (F. Boie, 1827)
  • Silva Haad, 2004
  • Passos et al., 2010
  • (Hallowell, 1845)
  • Savage, 1955
  • Myers & Schargel, 2006
  • (Wucherer, 1861)
  • Silva Haad, 2004
  • Esqueda & McDiarmid, 2015
  • Prudente & Passos, 2010
  • Myers, 2003
  • Myers, 2003
  • Prado, 1940
  • Roze, 1961
  • Peracca, 1896
  • Roze, 1961
  • Amaral, 1931
  • (Günther, 1868)
  • Boettger, 1898
  • Amaral, 1930
  • Passos, J.D. Lynch & Fernandes, 2009
  • (Günther, 1858)
  • Boulenger, 1894 – brown ground snake
  • Prado, 1940
  • Lancini, 1969
  • & Passos, 2019
  • & Barrio-Amorós, 2004
  • Passos et al., 2009
  • F. Werner, 1916
  • Boulenger, 1908
  • Esqueda & La Marca, 2005
  • Esqueda & La Marca, 2005
  • (Cope, 1868)
  • Esqueda & La Marca
  • Atractus modestus Boulenger, 1894 – modest ground snake
  • (Jan, 1865)
  • Passos, Rivas & Barrio-Amorós, 2009
  • Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009
  • Hoogmoed & Prudente, 2003
  • Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas, & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021
  • Amaral, 1930 – northern ground snake
  • Schmidt & , 1943
  • Amaral, 1933
  • Marx, 1960
  • F. Werner, 1916 – bignose ground snake
  • Savage, 1955
  • (Jan, 1862)
  • Esqueda & La Marca, 2005
  • Amaral, 1932
  • Savage, 1955
  • Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas, & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021
  • Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009
  • Amaral, 1937
  • Atractus pantostictus Fernandes & , 1993
  • F. Werner, 1924
  • , 1910
  • Schmidt & Walker, 1943 – little-scaled ground snake
  • (Jan, 1862)
  • (Jan, 1862) – basin ground snake
  • Fernandes, 1995
  • Amaral, 1933
  • Arteaga et al., 2017 – Pyron's ground snake[8]
  • F. Werner, 1901
  • Atractus reticulatus (Boulenger, 1885)
  • Roze, 1961 – Rivero's ground snake[6]
  • Passos, Fernandes & , 2007
  • Despax, 1910 – Roule's ground snake[6]
  • Dunn, 1946
  • Prado, 1944
  • Salazar-Valenzuela, Torres-Carvajal, & Passos, 2014
  • (F. Boie, 1827)
  • Amaral, 1930
  • Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
  • Passos et al., 2013
  • Roze, 1958
  • Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes, and Sawaya, 2019
  • Prudente, 2008
  • Esqueda & La Marca, 2005
  • Kok, 2006
  • Schargel & , 2002
  • Passos, Prudente, & Lynch, 2016
  • Passos, Fernandes & , 2005
  • Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009
  • (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
  • Schargel et al., 2013
  • Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa-Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
  • Atractus trihedrurus Amaral, 1926
  • Atractus trilineatus Wagler, 1828 – three-lined ground snake
  • Amaral, 1933
  • , 2000
  • Passos et al., 2009
  • Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas, & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021
  • Prado, 1942
  • Boulenger, 1905
  • Boulenger, 1904
  • Prado, 1941
  • Boulenger, 1894
  • Prado, 1945
  • Peracca, 1914
  • (Jan, 1862)
  • & Rodriques, 1979

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Boulenger GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX. (Genus Atractus, p. 300).
  2. ^ Köhler G, (2014). "Two new species of Atractus from Colombia (Reptilia, Squamata, Dipsadidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3872 (3): 291–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3872.3.5. PMID 25544086.
  3. ^ a b Genus Atractus at The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  4. ^ (2010). "Atractus albuquerquei ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T176349A7223432. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176349A7223432.en.
  5. ^ Arredondo, J.C.; Daza, J.; Gutierrez, P. (2015). "Atractus biseriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T176350A44948201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T176350A44948201.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d , , (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Atractus bocki, p. 28; A. bocourti, p. 29; A. riveroi, p. 222; A. roulei, p. 227).
  7. ^ Aguilar, C.; Ines Hladki, A.; Lehr, E.; Ramírez Pinilla, M.; Urbina, N. (2016). "Atractus bocourti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T176351A44878165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T176351A44878165.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  8. ^ a b c , , , , , , , Guayasamin JM (2017). "Molecular Phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa". Zookeys 661: 91-123. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11224

Further reading[]

  • Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Genus Atractus, pp. 89–92).
  • , , , (2010). "Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipdadidae)". Zootaxa 2364: 1-63.
  • Wagler [JG] (1828). "Auszüge aus seinem [sic] Systema Amphibiorum". Isis von Oken 21: 740-744. (Atractus, new genus, pp. 741–742). (in German and Latin).
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