Automotive industry in Brazil
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The Brazilian automotive industry competed with other Latin American ones (Mexico) comparably until 1960, then grew substantially. Near the end of the 1970s new capacities were built by the United States and Germany. In addition to available and annual production, which exceeded one million and provided world's 10th place for country. After some decrease near 1990, the new and more strong growth by help of same foreign players plus Japan and France allowed Brazil to beat such old auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, the United States[citation needed], Canada, Russia, Spain, France and annual production exceeded 3,7 million vehicles in 2013 seventh largest in the World, although they have fallen substantially more recently.
The Brazilian industry is regulated by the (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (automobiles, light vehicles, trucks and buses) and agriculture machines with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris.
Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil; such as BYD, Fiat, Volkswagen Group, Ford, General Motors, Nissan Motors, Toyota, MAN SE, Mitsubishi, Mercedes-Benz, Renault, Honda, Hyundai, Kia, Volvo, BMW, Subaru, Chery, Geely, JAC Motors, Lifan, Peugeot, Porsche, Audi, Citroën, Jeep, Land Rover, Mini, Lexus, etc., and also the emerging national companies such as Troller, Marcopolo S.A., Agrale, , Excalibur etc. Some traditionally produce modern equipped replicas of older models. In the past there were national brands such as FNM(Fabrica Nacional de Motores), DKW Vemag and Gurgel.
History[]
The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919, assembling Model T cars and TT trucks in São Paulo. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility, known as Solon Plant. Ford was followed by General motors in 1926 with the assembly of the first Chevrolet cars in São Paulo.[1]
In 1956, in the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste (São Paulo), the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was first produced. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Land Cruiser. In 1959, in the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo, the first Volkswagen factory was built. It started manufacturing the Kombi, which preceded the famous Beetle (known in Brazil as Fusca). At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars.[citation needed]
Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing trucks in 1957 and work vehicles and automobiles in Brazil in the 1960s. The Italian giant Fiat established its first factory in Brazil in the 1970s, and Mercedes Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and eventually opened an automobile factory in 1998.[citation needed]
These companies dominated the Brazilian market until the middle 1990s when the Brazilian market was finally opened to imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil, including: Nissan, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, Honda, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Chrysler and Audi.[citation needed]
Currently, the most successful genuine Brazilian auto company is Troller, with its T4 and Pantanal models. It sells all over Latin America and Africa. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, Brazilian production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 3 million vehicles.[citation needed]
Since 2008 Brazil has passed France and became highest achieved world's sixth largest producer but then was beaten by India in 2011 and slightly down to 7th place.[citation needed]
In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = tax over industrialized product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. Recently, Brazil lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[2]
Historical production by year[]
Year | Data | 0—1 mln | 1—2 mln | 2—3 mln | 3—4 mln | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | 133,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1970 | 416,089 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1980 | 1,165,174 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1990 | 914,466 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 1,681,517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2,530,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2,611,034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 2,970,818 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 3,220,475 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 3,182,617 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 3,381,728 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 3,406,150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 3,402,508 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 3,712,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 3,364,890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2,429,463 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | 2,157,379 |
Historical sales[]
Top 10 best-selling models in Brazil (new passenger and commercial vehicles), 1977–2020 Source : BSCB[3]
| |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Models and Ranking | Year | |||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | ||
1977 | Volkswagen Fusca | Volkswagen Brasilia | Volkswagen Passat | Ford Corcel | Chevrolet Chevette | Fiat 147 | not available | 1977 | |||
1978 | Volkswagen Fusca | Volkswagen Brasilia | Fiat 147 | Volkswagen Passat | Chevrolet Chevette | Ford Corcel | not available | 1978 | |||
1979 | Volkswagen Fusca | Volkswagen Brasilia | Fiat 147 | Volkswagen Passat | Chevrolet Chevette | Ford Corcel | not available | 1979 | |||
1980–1987 not available | |||||||||||
1988 | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Monza | Ford Escort | Chevrolet Chevette | Fiat Uno | Volkswagen Voyage | Volkswagen Santana | Volkswagen Parati | Ford Del Rey | Chevrolet Opala | 1988 |
1989 | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Monza | Ford Escort | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Chevette | Volkswagen Santana | Volkswagen Parati | Volkswagen Voyage | Chevrolet Kadett | Chevrolet D-20 | 1989 |
1990 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Monza | Volkswagen Parati | Chevrolet Kadett | Volkswagen Voyage | Ford Verona | Ford Escort | Chevrolet Chevette | Volkswagen Santana | 1990 |
1991 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Monza | Ford Escort | Chevrolet Kadett | Ford Verona | Volkswagen Parati | Volkswagen Apollo | Volkswagen Santana | Chevrolet Chevette | 1991 |
1992 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Monza | Chevrolet Kadett | Volkswagen Parati | Ford Escort | Chevrolet Chevette | Volkswagen Santana | Ford Verona | Fiat Tempra | 1992 |
1993 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Ford Escort | Chevrolet Kadett | Chevrolet Monza | Volkswagen Logus | Volkswagen Parati | Chevrolet Chevette | Fiat Tempra | Volkswagen Santana | 1993 |
1994 | Fiat Uno | Volkswagen Gol | Ford Escort | Fiat Tipo | Chevrolet Corsa | Chevrolet Monza | Chevrolet Kadett | Fiat Tempra | Volkswagen Logus | Volkswagen Parati | 1994 |
1995 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Corsa | Ford Escort | Fiat Tipo | Volkswagen Golf | Fiat Tempra | Chevrolet Kadett | Volkswagen Santana | Chevrolet Monza | 1995 |
1996 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) | Fiat Palio | Ford Escort | Ford Fiesta | Chevrolet Vectra | Chevrolet Kadett | Volkswagen Santana | Fiat Tempra | 1996 |
1997 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) | Fiat Uno | Ford Fiesta | Chevrolet Vectra | Volkswagen Parati | Ford Ka | Volkswagen Kombi | Fiat Palio Weekend | 1997 |
1998 | Volkswagen Gol | not available | 1998 | ||||||||
1999 | Volkswagen Gol | not available | 1999 | ||||||||
2000 | Volkswagen Gol | not available | 2000 | ||||||||
2001 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Celta | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) | Ford Fiesta | Fiat Palio Weekend | Fiat Siena | Volkswagen Golf | 2001 |
2002 | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Corsa | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Uno | Ford Fiesta | Renault Clio | Peugeot 206 | Chevrolet Astra | Fiat Siena | 2002 |
2003 | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Corsa | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Uno | Ford Fiesta | Renault Clio | Fiat Siena | Chevrolet Astra | Toyota Corolla | 2003 |
2004 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Corsa | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Uno | Ford Fiesta | Volkswagen Fox | Fiat Siena | Chevrolet Astra | Ford EcoSport | 2004 |
2005 | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Corsa | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Uno | Ford Fiesta | Volkswagen Fox | Ford EcoSport | Fiat Siena | Fiat Strada | 2005 |
2006 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Uno | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Fiat Siena | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | Ford EcoSport | Fiat Strada | 2006 |
2007 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Fiat Uno | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Chevrolet Celta | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Fiat Siena | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | Fiat Strada | Chevrolet Prisma | 2007 |
2008 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Chevrolet Celta | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Fiat Siena | Fiat Strada | Honda Civic | Ford Ka | 2008 |
2009 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Palio | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Celta | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Fiat Siena | Fiat Strada | Volkswagen Voyage | Ford Ka | 2009 |
2010 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Celta | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Fiat Palio | Fiat Siena | Fiat Strada | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | Ford Ka | 2010 |
2011 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Chevrolet Celta | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Fiat Strada | Fiat Palio | Fiat Siena | Volkswagen Voyage | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | 2011 |
2012 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Fiat Palio | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Chevrolet Celta | Fiat Strada | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | Fiat Siena | Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) | Renault Sandero | 2012 |
2013 | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Uno | Fiat Palio | Ford Fiesta (Hatch) | Volkswagen Fox/Cross | Fiat Siena | Fiat Strada | Chevrolet Onix | Hyundai HB20 | Renault Sandero | 2013 |
2014 | Fiat Palio | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Strada | Chevrolet Onix | not available | Hyundai HB20 | not available | 2014 | |||
2015 | Chevrolet Onix | Fiat Palio | Hyundai HB20 | Fiat Strada | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Volkswagen Gol | not available | 2015 | |||
2016 | Chevrolet Onix | Hyundai HB20 | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Chevrolet Prisma | Toyota Corolla | Fiat Palio | Renault Sandero | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Strada | Honda HR-V | 2016[4] |
2017 | Chevrolet Onix | Hyundai HB20 | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Prisma | Renault Sandero | Toyota Corolla | Fiat Strada | Fiat Mobi | Fiat Toro | 2017 |
2018 | Chevrolet Onix | Hyundai HB20 | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Volkswagen Gol | Chevrolet Prisma | Volkswagen Polo | Renault Kwid | Fiat Strada | Fiat Argo | Jeep Compass | 2018 |
2019 | Chevrolet Onix | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Hyundai HB20 | Renault Kwid | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Argo | Fiat Strada | Chevrolet Prisma | Volkswagen Polo | Jeep Renegade | 2019[5] |
2020 | Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) | Ford Ka (Hatch) | Hyundai HB20 | Chevrolet Onix Plus | Fiat Strada | Volkswagen Gol | Fiat Argo | Volkswagen T-Cross | Jeep Renegade | Fiat Toro | 2020[6] |
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | ||
See also : Best-selling models in
|
Manufacturers[]
Current[]
Local owned
Passenger vehicles manufacturers
Motorcycle manufacturers
Bus, coach & truck manufacturers
Foreign owned
- BMW
- Mini
- BYD
- CAOA Chery
- Caterpillar
- Effa Motors
- Fabral
- Mahindra
- SsangYong
- Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
- General Motors do Brasil
- Chevrolet
- GMC
- Honda
- Hyundai CAOA do Brasil
- Iveco
- JAC Motors do Brasil
- John Deere
- Karmann-Ghia
- Komatsu
- Lifan
- Mercedes-Benz
- Mitsubishi
- Nissan
- PSA
- Peugeot
- Citroën
- Renault do Brasil
- Subaru
- Suzuki
- Toyota
- Lexus
- Valtra
- Volkswagen do Brasil
- Audi Brasil Distribuidora de Veículos
- MAN SE (Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus)
- Scania
- Volvo
- Yamaha
Here's a link to a map containing all plants currently in Brazil: [1]
Former[]
- Aero Willys
- AutoLatina
- Bernardini
- Busscar
- Comil
- Dacon
- Dardo
- Engesa
- Fábrica Nacional de Motores
- Farus
- Ford Do Brasil (Ceased Production in 2021)
- Gurgel
- Hofstetter
- Lobini
- Mafersa
- Obvio!
- Puma
- Santa Matilde
- Simca do Brasil
Local manufacture encouraged[]
Brazil has a 35 percent tariff on imported cars.[7]
Passenger cars currently manufactured in Brazil[]
![]() | This list is incomplete; you can help by . (February 2021) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chevrolet_Onix_%28second_generation%2C_front_view%29.jpg/220px-Chevrolet_Onix_%28second_generation%2C_front_view%29.jpg)
Chery: Arrizo 5, Arrizo 6, Tiggo 2, Tiggo 5X, Tiggo 7
Chevrolet: Joy, Joy Plus, Montana, Onix, Onix Plus, S10, Spin, Tracker, Trailblazer
Citroën: Aircross, C3, C4 Cactus, C4 Lounge
Fiat: Argo, Cronos, Doblò, Ducato, Grand Siena, Mobi, Strada, Toro, Uno
Honda: City, Civic, HR-V, Fit, WR-V
Hyundai: Creta, HB20, HB20S, ix35, Tucson
MINI: Countryman
Mitsubishi: L200, L200 Triton
Nissan: Kicks, March, V-Drive
Peugeot: 208, 2008
Renault: Captur, Duster, Duster Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero
Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Etios, Etios Sedan, Yaris, Yaris Sedan
Volkswagen: Fox, Gol, Nivus, Polo, Saveiro, T-Cross, Virtus, Voyage
See also[]
- List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil
- Troller Veículos Especiais
- Ethanol fuel in Brazil
References[]
- ^ Sydney A. Latini, A Implantação da Indústria Automobilística no Brasil, Editora Alaúde, 2007, p. 92
- ^ Resaffa Nogueira Martins, Henrique (2016). "The Brazilian Inovar-Auto Program and the WTO Dispute". ResearchGate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.25878.14407.
- ^ Matt Gasnier (19 April 2011). "Brazil: 1954-2019 Historical Data now available". bestsellingcarsblog.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ "Brazil best selling cars 2016. Chevrolet Onix is the star". www.focus2move.com. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ "Brazil 2019. Best selling cars ranking. The top 100". www.focus2move.com. 5 January 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ "Brazil 2020. Best selling cars ranking". www.focus2move.com. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "Australia's car tariffs among world's lowest". 12 February 2014.
External links[]
- Automotive industry in Brazil
- Industry in Brazil