Banknotes of the Ukrainian hryvnia
In Ukraine's history, banknotes denominated in Ukrainian hryvnias (Ukrainian: гривня; ISO 4217 code: UAH, symbol: ₴) have been issued during two periods. The first of them took place in 1918 and 1919, when the Central Council of Ukraine decided to transition from karbovanets, another currency that circulated in various periods of the country's history, to hryvnia; in practice, the currencies were interchangeable. It became obsolete as the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic lost control over of its claimed territory as a result of the defeat in the Ukrainian War of Independence. This article covers all hryvnia banknotes issued, or planned to be issued, by government authorities as well as some local issues. Additionally, shah (Ukrainian: шаг) stamps as subdivisions of hryvnia and interest coupons denominated in hryvnias and shahs are also covered here because they were also printed on paper.
The second period when Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes appeared was in the times of post-Soviet independence. In 1991-1996, karbovanets, a successor of the Soviet ruble (also known in Ukrainian as karbovanets), was circulating in the newly independent country, but the currency experienced hyperinflation. First post-independence hryvnia banknotes were printed in Canada and Malta in 1992, but it was only in September 1996 that they entered circulation, following their by hryvnia at a rate of 100,000:1. All issues of hryvnia banknotes that have been printed in 1994 and later were made in Ukraine.
The National Bank of Ukraine has issued four banknote series since 1996. Currently, all banknotes in denominations of ₴1, ₴2, ₴5, ₴10, ₴20, ₴50, ₴100, ₴200, ₴500 and ₴1,000 issued after 2003 (i.e. of third and fourth series) are considered legal tender. All of them depict an important person in Ukraine's history on the obverse and a landmark place on the reverse. The lowest four denominations are no longer issued in banknotes and are intended to be gradually substituted by coins, though they remain common. There have additionally been four commemorative banknote issues.
Notes issued in Ukraine, including hryvnia notes, can be viewed at the Museum of Money of the National Bank of Ukraine in Kyiv.
Ukrainian War of Independence[]
During the later half of 1917, the Central Council of Ukraine sought to gain more autonomy from the Russian Republic, which was ultimately asserted in the Third Universal, establishing the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR). With the creation of a new state entity, the need of country's own currency became urgent.[1] Thus, in December 1917, UNR introduced karbovanets as a stopgap measure, until hryvnia was installed as an official currency according to the law of 1 March 1918, at an exchange rate of 2 hryvnias to 1 karbovanets emitted in 1917 (i.e. 25 and 50 karbovanets), and defined by law to be convertible to gold at a rate of 1 hryvnia = 8.712 dolya (0.383328 grams, or about 0.0123243 oz t).[2][3] Hryvnia was additionally subdivided into 100 shah.[2] However, since karbovanets was circulating at par with the Russian ruble/Soviet ruble until late 1918, it could not be worth more than these issues, which were depreciating due to hyperinflation.[4] While legislative efforts to limit or outright ban the usage of Russian currencies in Ukraine were made, they only had limited success.[5] Aggravating the situation was the lack of gold reserves.[6] This meant that hryvnia was also losing value by hundreds of per cent per year,[7] and even though Ukrainian currency was spared from the worst of the hyperinflation,[8] maintaining the gold standard proved unfeasible.
1918[]
State Credit Notes[]
The law of 1 March 1918 envisaged printing denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 hryvnias, which were to be called State Credit Notes (Ukrainian: Державний кредитовий білет). Accordingly, on 24 March 1918, UNR signed an agreement by which banknotes were to be printed by the Reichsdruckerei, the German state banknote printer.[a][10] There were some problems with the contractor, however. Despite ordering 16,000,000 5-hryvnia notes and 9,000,000 20-hryvnia notes, these were not printed; 50-hryvnia notes were not contracted at all.[11] Additionally, all of the submitted designs of Ukrainian hryvnia banknotes have been tampered with in Germany, changing colours without designers' or government's permission.[10] Heorhiy Narbut, who drew the design of the 500-hryvnia note, has lamented its poor quality of execution. The Ukrainian State decided to forego 5-hryvnia and 20-hryvnia bills in favour of a new denomination of 2,000 hryvnia,[12] which, however, the Ukrainian government was formally not authorised to issue.[13]
All banknotes contain the following text on the reverse: "State Credit Notes of the Ukrainian People's Republic are guaranteed by all property of the Republic. ~ State Credit Notes of the Ukrainian People's Republic circulate alongside golden coinage. ~ Counterfeiting of State Credit Notes is punished by disfranchisement and prison", as mandated by law (here referred to as "State Credit Note notice").[2][14] Additionally, the gold standard notice was also printed, which read: "(One) hryvnia contains 8.712 dolya of pure gold" (Ukrainian: (Одна) гривня містить 8,712 долі щирого золота). All banknotes had anti-counterfeiting protections, such as a watermark and guilloche pattern.[6]
Image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Description | Date of | Issued value (quantity ordered)[15][11] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Designer | order | issue | lapse | ||||
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2 hryvni | 108 × 70 | Green,
blue |
Denomination, tryzub, name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА НАРОДНЯ РЕСПУБЛІКА"). Centre: Gold standard notice and karbovanets exchange notice ("Дві гривні рівні 1 карбованцю") arranged in a tree-like pattern. | Denomination and decorative pattern; State Credit Note notice inside a rhombus-like shape | 24 March 1918 | September[16] or October 1918[17] | 1920 | >5,5 million hryvnias
(ordered 15 million banknotes) | |
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10 hryven' | 139 × 89 | Red | Denomination, tryzub inside a plant ornament, name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА НАРОДНЯ РЕСПУБЛІКА"). Gold standard notice at the banknote's bottom | Denomination, name of state and State Credit Note notice in a blank rectangle; all inside a decorative frame. | Heorhiy Narbut | 24 March 1918 | September or October 1918 | ? (ordered 12 million banknotes) | |
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100 hryven' | 175 × 115 | Blue and violet[b] | Denomination (in numbers), name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА НАРОДНЯ РЕСПУБЛІКА").
Figures of two peasants (woman to the left, man to the right); between them a wreath, inside which a tryzub and denomination (in words) are located; gold standard notice at the bottom. |
A rich plant ornament with tryzub in the middle, extending between two Greek columns; State Credit Note notice in a blue rectangle and abbreviation of the state's name (У.Н.Р.) at the bottom. | Heorhiy Narbut | 24 March 1918 | September or October 1918 | 427,989,300 hryvnias
(ordered 3.5 million banknotes) | |
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500 hryven' | 185 × 119 | Blue,
orange |
Name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА НАРОДНЯ РЕСПУБЛІКА") at the top. A woman's head with a wreath on her head (personification of Ukraine), with radially extending rays; tryzub inside a plant ornament on either side of the banknote; gold standard notice | A large tryzub with text of the State Credit Note notice overlaid over it; four more tryzubs in each corner of the banknote; denomination spelt twice on each side of the banknote. | Heorhiy Narbut | 24 March 1918 | September or October 1918 | 1,683,500 hryvnias
(ordered 340,000 banknotes) | |
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1,000 hryven' | 196 × 125 | Bright orange,
blue |
Name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА ДЕРЖАВА") at the top; denomination spelt in words and numbers; tryzub in the background; all surrounded by a frame with triglyphs | Denomination in large characters; State Credit Note notice and gold standard notice to its left; all surrounded by decorative frame, with "1000" interspersed in it. | After 29 April 1918 | 17 October 1918 | ? (ordered 70,000 banknotes) | ||
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2,000 hryven' | 204 × 134 | Red, green | Name of state ("УКРАЇНСЬКА ДЕРЖАВА") at the top; denomination spelt in words and numbers; tryzub in the background; all surrounded by a decorative frame | Denomination in large characters; State Credit Note notice and gold standard notice to the bottom; all surrounded by decorative frame | After 29 April 1918 | 17 October 1918 | ? | ||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
State Treasury Notes[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/3_hryvnia_60_shah_coupon_200_hryvnia_1918.jpg/220px-3_hryvnia_60_shah_coupon_200_hryvnia_1918.jpg)
On 30 March 1918, the Central Council of Ukraine approved a release of 100 million karbovanets worth of State Treasury Notes (Ukrainian: білєт Державної Скарбниці); the sum was increased to 500 million karbovanets on 12 May, which, in its turn, was doubled on 9 July 1918.[18][19] While Yakiv Zozulya attributes such rapid increases to the agreement with Austria-Hungary and German Empire, whereby Ukraine granted a 200 million karbovanets "unlimited-term loan" to each of these countries, thus interpreting it as a sign of clientelism,[20] Pavlo Hay-Nyzhnyk said the money was needed to revive the country's economy anyway.[18]
In essence, State Treasury Notes were 4-year treasury bonds with 3,6% simple interest per annum, paid every six months (on 1 July and 2 January), issued in denominations of 50, 100, 200 and 1,000 hryvnias.[21][19] They had a unified design prepared by Heorhiy Narbut, with a roughly square centre, where the value of the bond was written, plus four coupons on either side of the note, worth respectively 0.90, 1.80, 3.60 and 18 hryvnias each; the only feature that was different between each of these was colours.[22][23] Due to the enormous size of the notes, as well as due to the location of coupons, they were nicknamed "airplanes" (Ukrainian: аероплани).[23]
The coupons and the notes were not formally intended to be legal tender in the sense that the possibility to redeem them at banks was limited by the dates in coupons, but in practice, due to an acute shortage of small change, these pieces of paper were readily cut out and circulated as plain currency,[22] and Zozulya reports that even government agencies accepted both the notes and the coupons for payments. The coupons and the State Treasury Notes were thus described as "surrogate banknotes".[24][22]
Image | Value
(note) |
Value
(coupon) |
Dimensions
(mm) |
Colour | Description | Date of | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Paper | Ink | Obverse | Reverse | order | issue | lapse | |||
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50 hryven' | 90 shahiv
(0.90 hryvnia) |
294 × 150
(full); 150 × 150 (note without coupons); 75 × 37 (coupons) |
Greenish | Red, violet | Centre: Inside the frame containing an intricate plant ornament with numbers corresponding to denomination on its left and right sides, a tryzub on the top side and an inscription "БІЛЕТ ДІЙСНИЙ ПО 1 СІЧНЯ 1933 р."[c] on the bottom side, the note's denomination spelled in letters, the type of note, signatures and serial numbers.
|
Inside a frame with denomination in numbers spelled at its corners, text of the 1918 Directive on the State Treasury Notes. Denominations printed at the place of coupons. | 30 March 1918 | 5 August 1918 | 1920[d] |
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100 hryven' | 1.80 hryvnia | Orange | Blue, green | ||||||
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200 hryven' | 3.60 hryvnia | Turqoise | Orange | ||||||
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1000 hryven' | 18 hryvnias | Ochre | Pink | ||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Shahivky fractional currency[]
Unlike State Credit Notes and State Treasury Notes, shahivky (named so after shah, the subdivision of hryvnia, in which the money was denominated) were postage stamp-sized, and indeed they were sometimes used as postage stamps due to the dearth of "real" postage stamps. There was additionally a strong deficit of metals.[25] Therefore, on 18 April 1918, the government authorised to issue paper "coins" of 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 shahiv.[26] The first four denominations have never been issued nor are known to have ever been printed.[27] According to various estimates, the other five shahivky accounted for about 24-38 million hryvnia in circulation.[28] Among those issued, the 30 shahiv stamp was rarer than the other denominations.[29]
Unlike the postage staps, which were all imperforate, the five pieces of postage stamp currencies were usually Perf. 11 ½ stamps;[25] 40 and 50 shahiv imperforate stamps are known to exist but are much rarer than the perforated versions.[30][31] Additionally, the currency was printed on thicker paper than the stamps, and the notice saying that the post stamps "circulate alongside metal coinage" appeared on the reverse, unlike in stamps, where the other side was blank.[28][32] Due to their weak protections, shahivky were often counterfeited, particularly the top two denominations.[29][30]
Due to their lightness and their propensity to be blown away by the wind, they have earned a tongue-in-cheek nickname of "butterflies" (Ukrainian: метелики), but were also known as "postage stamps" (Ukrainian: марки) in reference to their size and appearance.[25] The shops of the time were known to be giving out change in bundles of hundreds of such stamp "coins".[33][34]
Image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Designer | first printing | issue | lapse | |||
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10 shahiv | 30 × 25 | Light brown | Inside flower ornaments, a big tryzub illuminated by the sun. The base of the tryzub touches the outline of Ukrainian borders as shown on the globe. Name of state above the composition, denomination below it | Inside a single- or double-striped frame, a tryzub, under which a notice reading: "Ходить нарівні з дзвінко�� монетою". | 17 April 1918 | 8[33] or 18[26] July 1918 | 1920 | |
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20 shahiv | Dark brown | Inside an oval, a peasant with a scythe looking at tryzub. Name of the state above the peasant, denomination below him | |||||||
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30 shahiv | Ultramarine
or grey-violet (rare) |
Head of a young woman with a wreath (identical to 500 hryvnia banknote, see above) inside an octagon. Two stylised tryzub figures at the top corners and post horns at the bottom. Denomination at the very top; name of state at the bottom. | Heorhiy Narbut | ||||||
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40 shahiv | Green | A big tryzub surrounded by a wreath. Name of the state at the top of the shahivka, denomination and post horns below | Heorhiy Narbut | |||||
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50 shahiv | Red | Inside a wreath, denomination in large characters. Post horns above the denomination, name of state at the very bottom of the stamp. | Heorhiy Narbut | ||||||
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per milimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Directorate[]
Following the fall of the Ukrainian State and the return to the Ukrainian People's Republic, represented by the Directorate, the government tried to shift focus to either of the two concurrent currencies in Ukraine, and finally officially declared hryvnias to be the "national currency".[35] However, many more denominations were issued in karbovanets than in hryvnia in 1919.[35] The government only managed to issue a so-called State Treasury Exchange Note (Ukrainian: Розмінний знак Державної Скарбниці) worth 5 hryvnias with a hastily prepared primitive design.[36] It was the only state-sanctioned banknote ever printed on the territory of West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR), or, to be exact, in Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk).[37] The banknotes were mostly circulated in eastern Galicia.[38]
Entering 1920, the circulation of the Ukrainian currency started to be curtailed. Already in January 1920, the Communists, who controlled most of Ukraine, ordered the banks to stop accepting all money issued by previous Ukrainian governments, including hryvnias, and removed the obligation to accept Ukrainian currency by private parties,[39] while by the end of the same year, they forbade circulation of all Ukrainian money.[40] It was nevertheless decided to order the last known emission of Ukrainian currency in 1917-1920, i.e. State Credit Notes denominated at 50 and 1,000 hryvnias, which were printed in Vienna.[41] Few proofs (German: Muster) of these banknotes are known to exist,[42] and they became obsolete before they could be ever circulated as Petliura dissolved the Directorate's government in November 1920 in light of the lack of control of Ukrainian territories.[43]
Image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Designer | issue | lapse | |||
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5 hryven' | 98 × 58[37]
or 100 × 60[44] |
Black-and-white | Inside a frame composed of small circles, a big tryzub to the left side, separated by a thin line from the rest of the banknote. On the right side, text: "РОЗМІННИЙ ЗНАК / ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СКАРБНИЦІ / У.Н.Р.", denomination and handwritten signature | On the right side, legal notice concerning the banknote, denomination to the left; symbol of the Ukrainian People's Republic and seal of the Ukrainian State both appear
A version with an error ("ПЯТЬ ГИВЕНЬ") also exists. |
Mix of three designs | July 1919 | 1920 |
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50 hryven' | 116 × 57 | Green and blue | Baroque-styled architectural and plant decorations, in which the year of printing and tryzub appear. A female and a male peasant sitting on top of the decorations, inside which the type of note, denomination and signatures appear | Portrait of Petro Doroshenko (1627 – 1698), Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1665 – 1672) inside a richly decorated frame to the left side. To the right side, denomination with a big blue "50", above which the country of issue is spelled out. Bottom contains legal notices (gold standard and a shortened State Credit Note notice). | Heorhiy Narbut | not issued
(printed 1920) | |
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1,000 hryven' | 168 × 84 | Blue and orange | To the top, figures of Cossacks; to the left, stylised letters У.Н.Р. and tryzub in orange ink, surrounded by a Baroque-styled architectural frame with sunflowers; type of note, denomination and signatures at the bottom right | Portrait of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, inside a window of a Baroque-like decoration; in two adjacent windows, tryzubs and stylised acronyms "УНР". The decoration itself is between two swaths of wheat; in the empty area to the left, another printed tryzub. Denomination and country of issue at the top. Gold standard and a shortened State Credit Note notice printed in two other fields with denominations. | |||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Local issues[]
Apart from state-issued banknotes, there were also hundreds of local currency paper currency units (notes, coupons etc.) issued by municipal authorities. According to the Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine, over 300 municipalities within current Ukrainian borders issued a total of over 1,500 variously named currency substitutes (mostly rubles, karbovanets and hryvnia).[45] Some of the paper currency denominated in hryvnia is shown in the gallery below.
- Local hryvnia issues from 1919
5 hryvnia "cashier's certificate" printed in Zolochiv
6 hryvnias printed in Kamyanets-Podilskyi
6 hryvnias printed in Proskuriv (now Khmelnytskyi).[e]
Mohyliv-Podilskyi 6 hryvnia note
6 hryvnias issued in Lutsk
Zinkiv Jewish community 10-hryvnia note
50-hryvnia note in Ternopil
Brody 1-hryvnia note
Post-Soviet Ukraine[]
History[]
As Ukraine was nearing independence in 1991, the government of then Ukrainian SSR began preparations to introduce a new currency named hryvnia.[f][47] Leonid Kravchuk, then leader of the Supreme Soviet of Ukrainian SSR, ordered in April 1991 to prepare designs for the new national currency.[47] It was initially planned to issue banknotes in denominations of ₴1, ₴3, ₴5, ₴10, ���25, ₴50, ₴100 and ₴200, mimicking the denominations of the Soviet ruble.[48] The final decision for the design of the currencies was adopted on 11 September 1991. On that day was decided to change planned ₴3 note to ₴2 and ₴25 notes to ₴20, as well as to set aside ₴200 as a reserve denomination.[47][49] It was also then that the general outline of banknotes was chosen, that is, a prominent person from Ukraine's history on the obverse and a landmark building on the reverse, in most cases directly related with the person displayed.[49] The choice of the people portrayed met with some reservations, as Kravchuk feared that inclusion of Ivan Mazepa on the banknotes might incense Moscow, and the candidacy of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi was also politically sensitive, but it was approved nevertheless, and has remained constant ever since.[46][50]
The first series was developed by Ukrainian artists Vasyl Lopata and Borys Maksymov, who were notably using relatively uncommon depictions of Taras Shevchenko and the Kyivan Rus' rulers.[51] Lopata was drawing the portraits and the buildings, while Maksymov designed the rest of the banknote.[46] Lopata also proposed his versions of 500 and 1,000 hryvnias (with Gregory Skovoroda or Daniel of Galicia on the former denomination and Peter Mogila on the latter), but his idea was not supported.[47][48][46]
As the preparations for the first series were made, it became apparent that Ukraine was lacking appropriate domestic facilities to print banknotes.[52] Therefore, banknotes of the first series of hryvnias were made by the Canadian Bank Note Company.[50] 50, 100 and 200 hryvnias (which made part of the second series), after some problems connected with print quality and delays with the Canadian contractor, were eventually ordered from the Maltese branch of De La Rue, which was also producing karbovanets banknotes until the started operation in 1994.[46][53][54][g] However, by the time the banknotes arrived, the economic crisis became so deep and inflation so bad that it was decided to stick with karbovanets.[55] It was only on 2 September 1996 that the first series of hryvnia banknotes (though only up to 20 hryvnias) was introduced into circulation by the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU).[56]
Also in 1996, the 1, 50, and 100 hryvnia notes of the second series were introduced. 1 hryvnia note was already produced in Ukraine in the brand new printing factory (as would all subsequent banknotes),[53] while the two higher denominations were still printed by De La Rue and had better security features in comparison with the first series. Most of other denominations went to circulation the following year.[57] 200 hryvnia note, which was seen at the time as worth too much, was only released in 2001, just before the tenth anniversary of Ukraine's independence.[58]
The second series, however, was quickly found to have several drawbacks, so plans to replace it were approved as early as in 1999.[59] Serhiy Tihipko, then governor of the National Bank of Ukraine, noted that 2, 10 and 20 hryvnias were hardly distinguishable from each other.[60] Artists have also pointed to several design flaws and inaccuracies in the banknotes (Lopata was, for instance, not happy with the De La Rue banknotes),[46] and the National Bank of Ukraine wanted to introduce new security features.[60] Thus in 2003, ₴20 note became the first banknote of the third series of the Ukrainian hryvnia; other denominations quickly followed suit.[61] It was also then that the ₴500 bills, which became among the most common banknotes in Ukraine, were introduced into circulation.
Refurbished versions of these banknotes, with even more anti-counterfeiting techniques, were released starting from 2014 (₴100), followed by ₴500 regular issue and ₴20 commemorative note in 2016, ₴20 regular bill in 2018 and the rest of the banknotes (including the new ₴1000) in 2019 and early 2020.[62]
Current state[]
Since October 2020, all banknotes from the first and the second series are withdrawn from circulation and are only exchanged in banks. In addition to that, banknotes from ₴1 to ₴10 are being substituted by a new set of coins, but, like all the other banknotes of the third series and all banknotes from the fourth series, these still remain legal tender.[63][64] The banknotes use cotton as a substrate,[65] however, the ₴20 commemorative banknote was the first to use linen fibres.[66] As for regular circulation banknote, the ₴1000 banknote includes 20% linen.[65]
According to the data provided by the NBU, as of 1 July 2021, almost 2,94 billion notes worth more than ₴580 billion are in circulation. Almost a quarter of all banknotes are in ₴200 notes, followed closely by ₴500 notes. ₴1 notes are also relatively common, even as these were initially circulating alongside (big) 1 hryvnia coins and, since 2018, are increasingly substituted by new (smaller) coins. On the other hand, banknotes from ₴2 to ₴20 are relatively rare compared with other denominations, at about 5% of the total quantity of banknotes each.[67]
The detected number of counterfeit hryvnia banknotes was hovering around 3 forged bills per 1 million genuine ones in 2015-2019, which sharply increased to 5.5 counterfeit banknotes per million the following year, which the NBU attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.[68][69] The vast majority of forgeries (96%) occurred among the third series banknotes, and the majority of the illicitly produced notes belonged to the two highest denominations of the series.[69]
Regular issues[]
All descriptions taken from the site of the National Bank of Ukraine.[62]
First series[]
Image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | first printing | issue | withdrawal | lapse | |||
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₴1 | 135 × 70 | Dark green | Volodymyr the Great (c. 958 – 1015)
Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Kyiv Ruler of Kyivan Rus' in 980–1015 |
Ruins of Chersonesos
(now in Sevastopol) |
1992 | 2 September 1996 | 1 October 2020 | 30 September 2023 |
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₴2 | Brown | Yaroslav the Wise (c. 978 – 1054)
Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Kyiv |
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv | |||||
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₴5 | Dark blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky (c. 1595 – 1657)
Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks (1648-1657) |
A church in the village of Subotiv, Cherkasy Oblast | |||||
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₴10 | Violet | Ivan Mazepa (1639 – 1709)
Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks (1687-1708), patron of the arts |
Kyiv Pechersk Lavra | |||||
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₴20 | Yellow and brown | Ivan Franko (1856 – 1916)
Poet, writer and political activist |
Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre | |||||
[1] | [2] | ₴50 | Red | Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866 – 1934)
Historian and politician; head of the Central Council of Ukraine (1917-1918) |
The Central Council of Ukraine building (currently Teacher's House in Kyiv) | Never issued | ||||
[3] | [4] | ₴100 | Green | Taras Shevchenko (1814 – 1861), according to Lopata's portrait[70]
Poet and artist; author of Kobzar |
Building of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) | |||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Second series[]
Image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | issue | printing | withdrawal | lapse | |||
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₴1 | 133 × 66 | Green and brown | Volodymyr the Great | Ruins of Chersonesos
(now Sevastopol) |
2 September 1996 | 1994, 1995 | 1 October 2020 | 30 September 2023 |
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₴2 | Yellow, brown | Yaroslav the Wise | Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv | 1 September 1997 | 1995, 2001 | |||
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₴5 | Blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky | A church in the village of Subotiv, Cherkasy Oblast | 1 September 1997 | 1994, 1997, 2001 | |||
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₴10 | Bluish-grey (obverse)
Yellow, brown (reverse) |
Ivan Mazepa | Kyiv Pechersk Lavra | 1 September 1997 | 1994, 2000 | |||
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₴20 | Brown, green | Ivan Franko | Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre | 1 September 1997 | 1995. 2000 | |||
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₴50 | Yellow, violet | Mykhailo Hrushevsky | Building of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) | 2 September 1996 | ?[h] | |||
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₴100 | Rose, green | Taras Shevchenko (1814 – 1861) according to an 1871 portrait by Ivan Kramskoi[71]
Poet and artist; author of Kobzar |
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv | 2 September 1996 | ?[h] | |||
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₴200 | Blue, peach | Lesya Ukrainka (1871 – 1913)
Poet and writer |
Entrance tower of Lutsk Castle | 22 August 2001 | ?[h] | |||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Third series[]
Obverse image | Reverse image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Obverse | Reverse | Date of issue | Printing | Withdrawal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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₴1 | 118 × 63 | Bluish-grey | Volodymyr the Great;
A depiction of saints |
Volodymyr's Fortress Wall in Kyiv
Contemporary military equipment, decorations and a cross |
1 December 2004 | 2004, 2005 | Current[i] |
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₴1 | 118 × 63 | Yellow-blue | Volodymyr the Great;
A depiction of saints |
Volodymyr's Fortress Wall in Kyiv
Contemporary military equipment, decorations and a cross |
22 May 2006 | 2006, 2011, 2014 | |
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₴2 | 118 × 63 | Light brown | Yaroslav the Wise
Contemporary silver coin A paraphrase of part of Primary Chronicle[j] as it appears in the |
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
Contemporary military equipment, decoration and household items; Russkaya Pravda |
24 September 2004 | 2004, 2005, 2011, 2014 | |
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₴5 | 118 × 63 | Blue | Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Family coat of arms, fragment of Khmelnytsky's signature |
A church in the village of Subotiv, Cherkasy Oblast
Cossacks' munitions and kleinody (symbols of power) |
14 June 2004 | 2004, 2005, 2011, 2013, 2015 | |
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₴10 | 124 × 66 | Crimson | Ivan Mazepa
coat of arms Pink watermark field Quote from one of his [k] |
The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv Perchersk Lavra
Items connected with Mazepa's life |
1 November 2004 | 2004, 2005 | |
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₴10 | 124 × 66 | Crimson | Ivan Mazepa
coat of arms White watermark field Quote from one of his [k] |
The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv Perchersk Lavra
Items connected with Mazepa's life |
August 2006 | 2006, 2011, 2013, 2016 | |
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₴20 | 130 × 69 | Green | Ivan Franko
A mountanious landscape in the background |
Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre
Sculpture symbolising Glory from the theatre's roof in close-up |
1 December 2003 | 2003, 2005, 2012, 2014, 2017 | Current |
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₴50 | 136 × 72 | Violet | Mykhailo Hrushevskyi
Ornaments from Hrushevskyi's History of Ukraine-Rus' |
The Central Council of Ukraine building (currently Teacher's House in Kyiv)
Statues of a peasant and a worker |
29 March 2004 | 2004, 2005, 2011, 2013, 2014[l] | |
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₴100 | 142 × 75 | Yellow, olive | Taras Shevchenko (image according to 1840 self-portrait)[71]
Face of the woman depicted in Shevchenko's |
Taras Hill near Kaniv, Cherkasy Oblast and the figures of a kobzar with his guide boy | 20 February 2006 | 2006, 2012, 2014 | |
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₴200 | 148 × 75 | Pink | Lesya Ukrainka
Outline of her country house in Kolodiazhne, Volyn Oblast Quote from one of her poems |
Entrance tower of Lutsk Castle, a white stork flying | 28 May 2007 | 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014[l] | |
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₴500 | 154 × 75 | Peach, green | Gregory Skovoroda (1722 – 1794), philosopher and composer
Skovoroda's illustration to his philosophical thesis |
The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and a negative of its seal in the background
"Pythagorean triangle" as seen by Skovoroda, often interpreted as a Masonic symbol[72] |
15 September 2006 | 2006, 2011, 2014, 2015 | |
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Fourth series[]
Obverse image | Obverse image | Value | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Obverse | Reverse | Date of issue | Printing | Withdrawal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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₴20[m] | 130 × 69 | Green | Ivan Franko, a mountanious landscape in the background
Facsimile of one of his poems |
Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre
Sculpture symbolising Glory from the theatre's roof in close-up |
25 September 2018 | 2018, 2021 | Current |
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₴50 | 136 × 72 | Violet | Mykhailo Hrushevskyi
Ornaments from Hrushevskyi's History of Ukraine-Rus' |
The Central Council of Ukraine building (currently Teacher's House in Kyiv)
Statues of a peasant and a worker |
20 December 2019 | 2019, 2021 | |
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₴100 | 142 × 75 | Yellow, olive | Taras Shevchenko
Dnieper as seen from Taras Hill Quote from one of his poems A palette and a paintbrush in SPARK |
Red University Building | 9 March 2015 | 2014, 2019,[n] 2021 | |
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₴200 | 148 × 75 | Pink, blue | Lesya Ukrainka
Quote from one of her poems A stylised water lily in SPARK |
Entrance tower of Lutsk Castle
Motion of the flight of a white stork |
25 February 2020 | 2019, 2021 | |
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₴500 | 154 × 75 | Peach | Gregory Skovoroda
Skovoroda's illustration to his philosophical thesis |
The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and a negative of its seal in the background | 11 April 2016 | 2015, 2018, 2021 | |
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₴1,000 | 160 × 75 | Light blue | Volodymyr Vernadskyi (1863 - 1945), mineralogist, geochemist, philosopher; founder of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Composition of a crystal lattice structure and a plant ornament in SPARK |
Seat of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | 25 October 2019 | 2019 | |
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Commemorative issues[]
Obverse image | Reverse image | Denomination | Dimensions
(mm) |
Main colour | Obverse | Reverse | First printing | Date of issue | Quantity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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₴50 | 136 × 72 | Violet | As in third series common circulation banknote; | As in third series common circulation banknote | 2011 | 5 October 2011 | 1,000 |
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₴20 | 130 × 69 | Green | General outline as in fourth series common circulation banknote.
Added window security thread with motion effect |
As in fourth series common circulation banknote | 2016 | 1 September 2016 | 1,000,000 |
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₴100 | 142 × 75 | Yellow, olive | As in fourth series common circulation banknote
Added an OVMI inscription "30 years of Ukraine's Independence" (Ukrainian: 30 років Незалежності України) in the watermark area |
As in fourth series common circulation banknote | 2021 | 20 August 2021 | 30,000 of each denomination |
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₴500 | 154 × 75 | Peach | 20 August 2021 | ||||
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₴20 | 130 × 69 | Green | 19 November 2021 | ||||
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₴200 | 148 × 75 | Pink, blue | 19 November 2021 | ||||
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₴50 | 136 × 72 | Violet | 22 December 2021 | ||||
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₴1,000 | 160 × 75 | Light blue | 22 December 2021 | ||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Notes[]
- ^ As Martos and Zozulya note, at the time when the banknotes were ordered, there was no suitable equipment to print the money in Ukraine.[9]
- ^ Grey and violet banknotes of this denomination also appear, but they are very rare
- ^ Due to a printing error, до (until) was printed as по (after). They were intended to be voided on 1 January 1933.
- ^ The State Treasury Notes were supposed to be redeemed by 1933, but were rendered obsolete by 1920
- ^ Proskuriv was among the few cities denominating hryvnia banknotes also in karbovanets
- ^ Initially, the Communist MPs proposed to stick with karbovanets, which coincidentially was the official name of the Soviet ruble in Ukrainian, and one MP even suggested to introduce Ukrainian dollars, but the name hryvnia stuck. [46]
- ^ Another important piece of banknote production was the Malyn in Zhytomyr Oblast , which started operation in 1997 in
- ^ a b c Not indicated on banknotes; presumed 1992
- ^ Began to be withdrawn due to the introduction of new coins in 2018-2020
- ^ If you are going to leave in kindness to each other, God will be in you (Ukrainian: ...якщо будете жити в любові між собою, Бог буде у вас...)
- ^ a b For your faith you [shall be ready] to die and your liberties you shall defend (Ukrainian: А за віру хоч умріте, і вольностей бороніте!)
- ^ a b Two issues were made in 2014, one with the signature of Stepan Kubiv and the other with the one of Valeria Gontareva
- ^ See also the ₴20 commemorative note, which preceded the common issue one
- ^ This issue has a yellowish watermark area, instead of white
Sources[]
Books[]
- Shust, Roman (2009). Нумізматика: історія грошового обігу та монетної справи в Україні: Навчальний посібник (in Ukrainian) (2 ed.). Kyiv: Знання. ISBN 978-966-346-397-1.
- Martos, Borys; Zozulya, Yakiv (1972). Money of Ukrainian State in 1917-1920 (in Ukrainian). Munich: Ukrainian Institute of Technology and Economics.
- Kharitonov, Dmitri (2005). Ukrainian paper money 1917-2005. Kyiv: Купола. ISBN 966-8679-03-2.
- Martynyak, T. P. (2005). Грошові знаки та монети України: Альбом. «Українська колекція» (in Ukrainian). Kharkiv: Колорит.
- Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2008). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. General issues, 1368-1960 (12 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-4707-1. OCLC 968251032.
- Hnatyshak, Mykola (1973). Paper Money in Ukraine 1917-1920: History and Description with illustrations of all issues in Ukrainian language with English and German Summaries (in Ukrainian). Cleveland: The Ukrainian Museum-Archives, Inc.
- Hay-Nyzhnyk, Pavlo (2004). Financial policy of the government of the Ukrainian State headed by Pavlo Skoropadsky (29 April - 14 December 1918) (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies.
- Lopata, Vasyl (2000). Надії та розчарування, або метаморфози гривні (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Дніпро. ISBN 5-308-01758-1.
References[]
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 55.
- ^ a b c Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 34-36.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 246-248.
- ^ Hay-Nyzhnyk 2004, p. 46.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 62-66.
- ^ a b Chorna, Liliya (2017-05-07). "Аналітична записка: 1000 гривень Української держави". National Bank of Ukraine Analytical Commentary. Archived from the original on 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 27-29.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 254-255.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 12.
- ^ a b Hnatyshak 1973, p. 57.
- ^ a b Shust 2009, p. 248, 251-2.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 253.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 36-37.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 57.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 58.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 61.
- ^ Hnatyshak 1973, p. 59.
- ^ a b Hay-Nyzhnyk 2004, p. 55-56.
- ^ a b Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 45-46.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 42.
- ^ Hnatyshak 1973, p. 77-79.
- ^ a b c Martynyak 2005, p. 60-61.
- ^ a b Hnatyshak 1973, p. 18.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 14.
- ^ a b c Hnatyshak 1973, p. 87-88.
- ^ a b Hay-Nyzhnyk 2004, p. 62-64.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 59.
- ^ a b Hay-Nyzhnyk 2004, p. 64.
- ^ a b Шидловська, Євгенія (2018-01-01). "Українські гроші революції: горпинки, лопатки і паперові монети". BBC News Україна (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ a b Kharytonov 2005, p. 21.
- ^ Cuhaj 2008, p. 1171.
- ^ Martos & Zozulya 1972, p. 13.
- ^ a b Дейнеко, Сергій (2020-10-30). "Гроші Української революції. Марки-шаги великих художників". M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Куцаєва, Тамара (2017-05-31). "Монети, які літали, наче метелики". Gazeta.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Martynyak 2005, p. 65-66.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 66.
- ^ a b Hnatyshak 1973, p. 69-70.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 256.
- ^ "Обіжник Народного Банку РСФСР фінвідділам, конторам, скарбницям і ощадним касам України про припинення прийому грошових знаків, випущених колишніми українськими урядами". Central State Archive of the Government of Ukraine (in Russian). 1920-01-05. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Calyk, Stanislav (2016-05-11). "Блог історика. 1991 рік: власні гроші Української РСР". BBC News Україна (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2016-05-12. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 258.
- ^ Kharitonov 2005, p. 47-48.
- ^ Martynyak 2005, p. 67.
- ^ Kharitonov 2005, p. 40.
- ^ "ГРОШОВИЙ ОБІГ В УКРАЇНІ 1917–1920". Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e f "365 днів. Наша історія. 10 грудня. Як малювали, друкували і перевозили гривню. Дев'ять історій про українські гроші". Новини Полтавщини. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ a b c d Shust 2009, p. 348.
- ^ a b "Як мала виглядати гривня. Ескізи проектів 1990-их". Історична правда (in Ukrainian). 2011-09-02. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ a b Lopata 2000, p. 65У мене зберігається цікавий документ — додаток № 2 до протоколу № 53 від 11 вересня 1991 року “Рішення Комісії з питань економічної реформи і управління народним господарством про зразки українських національних грошових знаків”, підписаний головою Комісії В. Пилипчуком. З нього видно, що тільки 11 вересня 1991 року було замінено номінали 3 гривні на 2, 25 — на 20 [...]
- ^ a b "How hryvnia was born". Archived from the original on 2011-08-22. Retrieved 2014-03-13. Podrobnosti.ua (in Russian)
- ^ "The man who designed Hryvnia". Archived from the original on April 23, 2008.. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Russian)
- ^ Salo, V. I. (2013-04-25). "Грошова реформа 1996 р. - введення національної валюти України - гривні" (PDF). Вісник Української академії банківської справи (in Ukrainian) (1 (34)): 24–30.
- ^ a b "Hryvnia-Immigrant". Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2014-03-13. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Ukrainian)
- ^ "Від купонокарбованців до гривні: як незалежна Україна запроваджувала власну валюту". www.unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ Shust 2009, p. 349-350.
- ^ "До 18-тої річниці проведення грошової реформи в Україні". National Bank of Ukraine. September 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Shust 2009, p. 352.
- ^ "Про введення в обіг банкноти номіналом 200 гривень". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ Bilous, Vitaliy; Lazurenko, Natalia; Voronina, Hanna (December 2003). "Новий дизайн гривні" (PDF). Вісник Національного Банку України (in Ukrainian) (12/2003): 60–63.
- ^ a b "Тігіпко не проти бути прем'єром…". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "Стельмах виводить Тігіпка з обігу. Україна - Новини Рівного та області". Рівне Вечірнє (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ a b "About Banknotes". National Bank of Ukraine. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ "НБУ з жовтня виводить з об��гу 25 копійок та вилучатиме старі банкноти: що це означає? | Громадське телебачення". hromadske.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ "Національний банк завершує оновлення банкнотно-монетного ряду гривні". National Bank of Ukraine. 2019-11-26. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ a b "В НБУ пояснили, чому в Україні не будуть друкувати полімерні банкноти". ТСН.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ "Банкнота номіналом 20 гривень". National Bank of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Структура готівки в обігу: Станом на 1.07.2021 в обігу перебувало 585,2 млрд грн готівки". National Bank of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 2021-07-15. Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21 – via Facebook.
- ^ "Найчастіше у 2019 році підробляли банкноти старого зразка". Національний банк України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ a b "Old Hryvnias Are Main Targets of Counterfeiters". National Bank of Ukraine. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ Lopata 2000, p. 240Отож, починаючи роботу над портретом, я теж віддав данину цим аксесуарам — на першому варіанті ескізу купюри поет був у селянському одязі. Цей портрет мене не влаштовував. Я продовжував пошуки, і нарешті в шостому чи в сьомому варіанті мені вдалося втілити такий образ Тараса, який не викликав жодних заперечень з боку всіх членів комісії, голови Національного банку, моїх колег.
- ^ a b Vorobyeva, Olga (2015-03-06). "Портреты на банкнотах: Тарас Шевченко в молодости и в зрелые годы". Наука и жизнь (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "НБУ прибрав "Всевидюще Око" із 500-гривневої купюри". Збруч (in Ukrainian). 2015-12-25. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
- Banknotes of Ukraine