Beardfish
| Beardfishes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Stout Beardfish, (P. nobilis) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Superorder: | Paracanthopterygii |
| Order: | Polymixiiformes |
| Family: | Polymixiidae Bleeker, 1859 |
| Type species | |
| Polymixia nobilis R. T. Lowe, 1838
| |
| Families | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The beardfishes consist of a single extant genus, Polymixia, of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbels. They are classified in their own order Polymixiiformes /pɒliˈmɪksi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/.[1] But as Nelson says, "few groups have been shifted back and forth as frequently as this one, and they were recently added to Paracanthoptergii".[2] For instance, they have previously been classified as belonging to the Beryciformes. They are of little economic importance.[3]
They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Ocean. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found down to about 800 m (2,600 ft) depth. Most are relatively small fish, although one species, Polymixia berndti, is over 40 cm (16 in) in length.[3]
Classification[]
- Order Polymixiiformes Rosen & Patterson, 1969[4][5]
- Genus † Murray 2016
- † Murray 2016
- Family † Murray & Cumbaa 2013
- Genus † Murray & Cumbaa 2013
- † Murray & Cumbaa 2013
- Genus † Murray & Cumbaa 2013
- Family † Bannikov 1985
- Genus † Jordan 1923
- † Jordan 1923
- Genus † Jordan 1923
- Family Polymixiidae Gill 1862 [Berycopsidae Regan 1911; Dalmatichthyidae Radovčić 1975; Omosomopsidae Gaudant 1978; Homonotichthyidae Whitley 1933]
- Genus † Taverne 2011
- †
- Genus †Berycopsia Radovčić 1975
- † Radovčić 1975
- Genus †Berycopsis Dixon 1850 [ von der Marck 1900]
- † Dixon 1850 [Platycormus elegans (Dixon 1850)]
- † (Agassiz 1839) [Beryx germanus Agassiz 1839; Platycormus germanus (Agassiz 1839)]
- † Bannikov & Bacchia 2004
- Genus †Dalmatichthys Radovčić 1975
- † Radovčić 1975
- Genus †Homonotichthys Whitley 1933
- † (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus dorsalis Dixon 1850]
- † (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus elegans Dixon 1850]
- † (Woodward 1902) [Homonotus rotundus Woodward 1902]
- Genus † Murray & Wilson 2014
- † Murray & Wilson 2014
- Genus †Omosoma Costa 1857
- † Bardack 1976
- † Davis 1887
- † Costa 1857
- † Gaudant 1978
- Genus †Omosomopsis Gaudant 1978
- † (Arambourg 1954) Gaudant 1978
- Genus † David 1946
- Genus †Pycnosterinx Heckel 1849 [ Costa 1857]
- † Heckel 1849
- † Pictet 1850
- † Pictet 1850
- † Davis 1887
- † Heckel 1849 [Homonotus pulcher Davis 1886]
- Genus Polymixia Lowe 1836 [ Poey 1860; Valenciennes 1860 non Jordan, Evermann & Clark 1930]
- P. berndti Gilbert 1905 (Pacific beardfish)
- Kotlyar 1993 (Busakhin's beardfish)
- Kotthaus 1970
- Günther 1877 (Silver eye)
- Deng, Xiong & Zhan 1983 [Polymixia kawadae Okamura & Ema 1985]
- Günther 1859 (Beardfish)
- P. nobilis Lowe 1838 [Nemobrama webbii Valenciennes 1837; Dinemus venustus Poey 1860; Polymixia nobilis virginica Nichols & Firth 1936] (Stout beardfish)
- † Schwarzhans 2012
- Kotlyar 1991
- Kotlyar 1992
- Kotlyar 1982
- Genus † Taverne 2011
- Genus † Murray 2016
Timeline of genera[]
References[]
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Polymixiiformes" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-54713-1.
- ^ a b Paxton, John R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Polymixiomorpha – beardfishes and relatives". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
- Polymixiiformes
- Fish of Hawaii
- Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances