Bell H-13 Sioux
![]() | This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (December 2018) |
H-13 Sioux | |
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![]() | |
An OH-13 in flight | |
Role | Light observation helicopter |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Bell Aircraft Bell Helicopter |
First flight | 8 December 1945 (Bell 47 prototype)[1] |
Status | Retired |
Primary users | United States Army United States Air Force United States Navy British Army |
Number built | At least 2,407 |
Developed from | Bell 47 |
Variants | Bell 201 |
Developed into | Bell 207 Sioux Scout |
The Bell H-13 Sioux is a single-engine single-rotor light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter. Westland Aircraft manufactured the Sioux under license for the British military as the Sioux AH.1 and HT.2.
Development[]
![]() | This section needs expansion with: Fill in some details on early development. You can help by . (March 2009) |
In 1947, the United States Army Air Forces (later the United States Air Force) ordered the improved Bell Model 47A. Most were designated YR-13 and three winterized versions were designated YR-13A. The United States Army first ordered Bell 47s in 1948 under the designation H-13. These would later receive the name Sioux.[2]
Initially, the United States Navy procured several Bell 47s, designated HTL-1, between 1947 and 1958. The United States Coast Guard evaluated this model, and procured two HTL-1s for multi-mission support in the New York Harbor. The most common U.S. Navy version of the 47 was designated the HTL-4, and dispenses with the fabric covering on the tail boom. The U.S. Coast Guard procured three HTL-5s in 1952 (similar to the HTL-4 but powered by a Franklin O-335-5 engine) and used these until 1960.[3] The Coast Guard procured two of Bell's Model 47G and designated them HUL-1G in 1959.[3]
The H-13 was one of the principal helicopters used by the U.S. Army during the Korean War, with the H-13D variant being the most prevalent. During the war it was used in a wide variety of roles including observation, reconnaissance, and medivac. It was also used as an observation helicopter early in the Vietnam War, before being replaced by the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse in 1966.
The Bell 47 was ordered by the British Army as the Sioux to meet specification H.240, with licensed production by Westland Helicopters. In order to comply with the terms of its licence agreement with Sikorsky Aircraft, which prevented it building a U.S. competitor's aircraft, Westland licensed the Model 47 from Agusta, who had purchased a license from Bell.[4] the first contract was for 200 helicopters. The first 50 helicopters of the contract were built by Agusta at Gallarate in Italy followed by 150 built by Westland at Yeovil. The first Westland Sioux made its maiden flight on 9 March 1965.[5]
Design[]
The Sioux is a three-seat observation and basic training helicopter. In 1953 the Bell 47G design was introduced. It can be recognized by the full "soap bubble" canopy (as its designer Arthur M. Young termed it),[6] exposed welded-tube tail boom, saddle fuel tanks and skid landing gear. In its UH-13J version, based on the Bell 47J, it had a metal-clad tail boom and fuselage and an enclosed cockpit and cabin.
The H-13 and its military variants were often equipped with medical evacuation panniers, one to each skid, with an acrylic glass shield to protect the patient from wind.
A single 260 hp Lycoming VO-435 piston engine was fitted to the 47G variant. Fuel was fed from two high-mounted external tanks. A single two-bladed rotor with short inertial stabilising minor blades was used on the Sioux.[5]
Variants[]
Military[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bell_47_%28H-13G%29_medevac_inflight_bw.jpg/220px-Bell_47_%28H-13G%29_medevac_inflight_bw.jpg)
- YR-13/HTL-1
- [a] 28 Bell 47A helicopters procured by the United States Army Air Forces for evaluation. The YR-13 was powered by a 175 hp (130 kW) Franklin O-335-1 piston engine. 10 of the aircraft were evaluated by the U.S. Navy as trainers.
- YR-13A
- 3 YR-13 aircraft winterized for cold-weather testing in Alaska. Redesignated YH-13A in 1948.[8]
- HTL-2
- US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47D. 12 built.
- HTL-3
- US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47E, powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine. Nine built.
- H-13B
- 65 aircraft ordered in 1948 by the U.S. Army.[8] All Army versions were later named Sioux.
- YH-13C
- One H-13B used as engineering testbed. Fitted with skid undercarriage and open, uncovered tailboom.[8]
- H-13C
- 16 H-13B aircraft converted to carry external stretchers in 1952, with skid landing gear and open tail boom of YH-13C.[8]
- H-13D
- Army two-seat version based on commercial model 47D-1, with skid landing gear, stretcher carriers, and Franklin O-335-5 engine. 87 built.[8]
- OH-13E
- H-13D configuration with three-seat aircraft with dual controls. 490 built.[8]
- XH-13F/Bell 201
- Modified Bell 47G powered by a Continental XT51-T-3 (Turbomeca Artouste) turboshaft.[8] The first Bell helicopter powered by a turbine engine.
- OH-13G
- Three-seater based on commercial model 47-G. Introduced a small elevator on the tailboom. 265 delivered to US Army.[9]
- OH-13H/UH-13H
- Based on 47G-2. Equipped with a 250 hp (186 kW) Lycoming VO-435 engine. At least 453 acquired by US Army.[9] UH-13Hs were used by the U.S. Air Force.
- UH-13J
- Two Bell 47J-1 Rangers acquired by the U.S. Air Force for VIP transport of the U.S. President. Originally designated H-13J.
- OH-13K
- Two converted H-13Hs with a larger diameter rotor and a 225 hp (168 kW) Franklin 6VS-335 engine for test evaluation.
- TH-13L
- Originally designated as the Navy HTL-4.
- HTL-5
- Utilized a Lycoming O-335-5 engine.
- TH-13M
- Incorporated a small movable elevator. Originally designated as the Navy HTL-6.
- HH-13Q
- Originally the HUL-1G, it was used by the U.S. Coast Guard for search and rescue.
- UH-13R
- Powered by an Allison YT63-A-3 turboshaft engine. Original US Navy designation HUL-1M.
- OH-13S
- Three-seat observation helicopter based on 47G-3B to replace the OH-13H. 265 received by US Army.[9]
- TH-13T
- Two-seat instrument trainer for the U.S. Army based on the 47G-3B-1, powered by 270 hp (201 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-D1B. 411 purchased.[9]
- Sioux AH.1
- General purpose helicopter for the British Army, 50 built by Agusta (Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1) and 250 built by Westland (Westland-Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1).[10] A small number also used by 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron of the Royal Marines.
- Sioux HT.2
- Training helicopter for the Royal Air Force, 15 built by Westland.
- Texas Helicopter M74 Wasp
- Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13E helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-A1E engines. Certified 1976.[11]
- Texas Helicopter M74A
- Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13H helicopters for agricultural use, powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 240 hp (180 kW) for 2 minutes. Certified 1977.[11]
- Texas Helicopter M79S Wasp II
- Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion for agricultural use, with tandem seating and stub wing fuel tanks. Powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 270 hp (200 kW) for 5 minutes.[11]
- Texas Helicopter M79T Jet Wasp II
- Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion of Bell 47G helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 420 hp (310 kW) Soloy-Allison 250-C20S engines.
Operators[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Australian_Army_A1_Bell_47G_Sioux_-_A1-398.jpg/220px-Australian_Army_A1_Bell_47G_Sioux_-_A1-398.jpg)
Argentina
- Argentine Army[12]
- Argentine Navy[13]
- Argentine Naval Prefecture[13][14]
Australia
- Australian Army[13]
Brazil
- Brazilian Air Force[16]
Canada
- Royal Canadian Navy[17]
Chile
- Chilean Navy[18]
Colombia
- Colombian Air Force[18]
Cuba
- Air Defense Force[18]
Ecuador
- Ecuadorian Air Force[19]
France
- French Air Force[19]
Germany
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Armed_Forces_of_Malta_Air_Wing_Agusta_AB-47G_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Armed_Forces_of_Malta_Air_Wing_Agusta_AB-47G_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Greece
Honduras
Iceland
- Icelandic Coast Guard[21]
Indonesia
India
- Indian Air Force[21]
Italy
- Italian Air Force[21][24]
- Italian Army[21]
- Italian Navy[21]
Jamaica
- Jamaica Defence Force[25]
Japan
Malaysia
- Royal Malaysian Air Force[26]
Malta
Mexico
- Mexican Air Force[25]
- Mexican Navy[25]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RNZAF_Sioux_2009.jpg/220px-RNZAF_Sioux_2009.jpg)
New Zealand
- Royal New Zealand Air Force[28]
Norway
Peru
- Peruvian Air Force[29]
- Peruvian Navy[29][30]
Philippines
- Philippine Air Force[29]
Senegal
- Senegalese Air Force[29]
South Vietnam
- South Vietnam Air Force operated several helicopters since April 1956.
- 1st Helicopter Squadron
- 2nd Helicopter Squadron
South Yemen
- South Yemeni Air Force[31]
Spain
- Spanish Air Force[32]
- Spanish Army[32]
- Spanish Navy[32]
Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Air Force
- No.5 Squadron[33]
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
- Turkish Air Force[32]
United Kingdom
United States
- United States Air Force[38]
- United States Army[39]
- United States Navy[40]
- United States Coast Guard[41]
Uruguay
- Uruguayan Air Force[42]
- Uruguayan Naval Aviation[42]
Venezuela
- Venezuelan Air Force[42]
Zambia
Surviving aircraft[]
Canada[]
- RCN 1387 – HTL-6 on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.[44]
Germany[]
- 58-5348 – OH-13H on static display at the Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg in Bückeburg, Lower Saxony.[45]
- XT548 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at the Flugausstellung Hermeskeil in Hermeskeil, Rhineland-Palatinate.[46][47]
Pakistan[]
- OH-13 on static display at the Pakistan Army Museum in Rawalpindi, Punjab.[citation needed]
South Africa[]
- XT562 – Bell 47 on static display at Port Elizabeth Branch of the South African Air Force Museum in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape.[48]
South Korea[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/H-13_Sioux.jpg/220px-H-13_Sioux.jpg)
- H-13 on static display at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul.[citation needed]
Spain[]
- OH-13H on static display at the Aeronautical Laboratory of the School of Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Terrassa, Barcelona.[citation needed]
Taiwan[]
- 1101 – OH-13H on display at Aviaton Education Exhibition Hall, a subsidiary of the Republic of China Air Force Academy.[34]
- 2110 – OH-13H on display at Longtan Sports Park at Taoyuan City, Taiwan.[49][50]
Thailand[]
- 56-2182/H7-9/15 – OH-13H on display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok, Thailand.[51][52]
United Kingdom[]
- XT148 – Sioux AH.1 under restoration[citation needed] at the North East Land, Sea and Air Museums in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear.[53]
- XT190 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset.[54][55]
- XT200 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at the Newark Air Museum in Newark, Nottinghamshire.[56]
United States[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BellH13PuebloMuseum.jpg/220px-BellH13PuebloMuseum.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bell_OH-13D_Sioux_RSideFront_CFM_7Oct2011_%2815138580578%29.jpg/220px-Bell_OH-13D_Sioux_RSideFront_CFM_7Oct2011_%2815138580578%29.jpg)
- 48-0796 – On display at the South Carolina Military Museum in Columbia, South Carolina. It is the first H-13B airframe, serial number 101, and came off the production line in mid-July 1948.[57][58]
- 48-0845 – H-13C on display at the United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[59][60]
- 51-13934 – OH-13E on static display at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.[61][62]
- 51-14010 – OH-13E on static display at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum at Joint Base Langley–Eustis near Newport News, Virginia.[63]
- 51-14062 or 51-14077 – OH-13E on static display at the Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey in Teterboro, New Jersey.[64]
- 51-14175 – OH-13E on display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.[65][66]
- 51-14193 – OH-13E on display at the United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[59][67]
- 51-14218 – OH-13E on display at the United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[59][68]
- 52-7833 – OH-13G on display at the Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum in Horsham, Pennsylvania.[69][70]
- 56-2217 – UH-13H on static display at the Castle Air Museum in Atwater, California.[71][72]
- 58-1520 – H-13 on static display at the South Dakota Air and Space Museum in Box Elder, South Dakota.[73]
- 58-1528 – OH-13H airworthy with Ocean Air Inc. of Eugene, Oregon.[74][75]
- 59-4949 - OH-13H in use as instructional airframe at Portland Community College in Portland, Oregon.
- 63-9085 – OH-13S on display at the Texas Air & Space Museum in Amarillo, Texas. It wears a "M*A*S*H" paint scheme and is on loan from Amarillo College.[76]
- 64-15338 – HTL on static display at the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum in San Diego, California.[77]
- 64-15393 – OH-13S on static display at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York, New York.[78]
- 65-8040 – TH-13T airworthy at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Addison, Texas. It is painted as a H-13D.[79][80]
- 67-15963 – TH-13T on static display at the Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum in Pueblo, Colorado. It has a "M*A*S*H" paint scheme.[81][82]
- 67-17053 – TH-13T on display at Hill Aerospace Museum in Ogden, Utah.[83]
- 122952 – HTL-2 on display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[84]
- 128911 – HTL-4 on display at the National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida.[85]
- 142377 – HTL-6 on display at the National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida.[85]
- 142394 – HTL-6 on static display at the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum in San Diego, California.[77]
- 145842 – TH-13N on display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[86]
- Unknown ID – Unknown variant airworthy at the Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida.[87][88][89]
- The United States Army Medical Department Museum located on base at Fort Sam Houston, in San Antonio, Texas, has a Bell 47 on display with other helicopters.[90]
- H-13D on display at U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum, Huntsville, Alabama.[91]
Specifications (Sioux AH.1)[]
Data from Newark Air Museum,[92] Britains Small Wars.[93]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 3
- Length: 31 ft 7 in (9.63 m)
- Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
- Gross weight: 2,952 lb (1,339 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming TVO-435-A1A six-cylinder, horizontally opposed piston, 260 hp (190 kW)
- Main rotor diameter: 37 ft 0 in (11.28 m)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)
- Cruise speed: 84 mph (135 km/h, 73 kn)
- Range: 273 mi (439 km, 237 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 16,100 ft (4,900 m)
Armament
Twin machine guns[b]
Popular culture[]
The H-13 has appeared, and played key roles, in many film and television productions. It has been associated with both the M*A*S*H TV series (1972-1983) and the film of the same name (1970), prominently featuring the H-13 in its opening credits, and played a central role in the series finale, which still holds the record as the highest rated single episode broadcast in America.[95][96] The series helped popularize the H-13 as the helicopter most people now associate with the Korean War.[97] The H-13 also played a key role in the Whirlybirds TV series (1957–1959).[98][99]
See also[]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Hiller OH-23 Raven
- Hughes TH-55 Osage
- Sikorsky S-300
Notes[]
- ^ In the military of the United States, the Bell 47 carried several designations prior to 1962. R-13 was the first designation by the United States Army Air Forces, while the Navy designated their training version as HTL. In 1948, the United States Air Force changed the designation to H-13 which was also adopted by the Army, adding the name Sioux. The Navy and Coast Guard designated utility models as HUL. In 1962, under a joint designation system created by the Department of Defense, the designations for all of the helicopters were changed to a mission symbol followed by the vehicle type designator creating a two-letter prefix (OH, UH, XH, etc.), but the Bell 47 retained its original series number, 13 and the Army's popular name. To denote different models, a letter suffix was appended to the designation.[7]
- ^ The OH-1 was capable of carrying twin M37C .30 caliber machine guns, or twin M60 machine guns.[94] They rarely did so however, because according to a Military Channel documentary on the AH-1 attack helicopter ("World's Deadliest Aircraft" series), the guns' recoil was too great a strain on the engines.
References[]
Footnotes[]
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I thought the bubble was a great idea, and we tried it. It consisted of taking a large sheet of Plexiglas, and a plywood form, cut for the final dimension for the outside of the bubble, then heating the Plexiglas, putting it under the plywood form, letting air pressure come up through the middle, and it would blow just like a soap bubble. And, then we had a gauge saying how far to blow, and when it reached that point, we turned off the air pressure.
- ^ Derek Bridges. "U.S. Military Aircraft and Weapon Designations". Archived from the original on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Harding 1990, p. 30.
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External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bell 47. |
- Bell 47.net
- Bell 47 Project: University of Toronto at the Wayback Machine (archived January 30, 2009)
- Model 47G specs from The International Directory of Civil Aircraft by Gerard Frawley
- United States military helicopters
- 1960s British military utility aircraft
- 1940s United States military utility aircraft
- Westland aircraft
- Agusta aircraft
- 1940s United States helicopters
- Bell aircraft
- Single-engined piston helicopters
- Aircraft first flown in 1947