Westland WS-51 Dragonfly

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WS-51 Dragonfly
Westland Dragonfly HR.3 WG723 706 Sq BAG 20.08.55 edited-2.jpg
Dragonfly HR.3 of 705 Naval Air Squadron Royal Navy in 1955
Role Rescue or communications helicopter
Manufacturer Westland Aircraft
First flight 5 October 1948
Introduction 1950
Status Retired
Primary users Royal Navy
Royal Air Force
Produced 1949–1954
Number built 133
Developed from Sikorsky H-5
Variants Westland Widgeon

The Westland WS-51 Dragonfly helicopter was built by Westland Aircraft and was a licence-built version of the American Sikorsky S-51.

Design and development[]

In December 1946 an agreement was signed between Westland Aircraft and Sikorsky to allow a British version of the S-51 to be manufactured under licence in the United Kingdom. These would be powered by the 500 hp Alvis Leonides radial engine. A modified version was also developed by Westland as the Westland Widgeon, but it was commercially unsuccessful.

Operational history[]

A total of seventy-two Dragonfly helicopters entered service with the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy in the training, air-sea rescue and communications roles. The first unit to be equipped with them was 705 Naval Air Squadron, which is believed to be the first all-helicopter squadron to be formed outside of the United States. The Dragonfly was the first British-built helicopter to be used by the navy and the first to operate from a British ship in trials on RFA Fort Duquesne in 1951.[1] A Dragonfly led the helicopter section of the flypast at the Coronation Review of the Fleet in 1953.[2]

A planned upgrade the navy's Dragonflies to the Widgeon standard with a larger cabin, to be known as the Dragonfly HR.7, was dropped in 1957 due to defence cuts.[2] It was replaced in British service by the Westland Whirlwind, another derivative of a Sikorsky design, in the late 1950s. Dragonflies were used in relief operations in the North Sea flood of 1953 and a number were used by the Royal Air Force for casualty evacuation during the Malayan Emergency.[1]

Fifty-one civilian WS-51s were produced. Examples were used by Pest Control Ltd for crop spraying and others were flown as executive transports by Silver City Airways, Evening Standard Newspapers and Fairey Aviation. Exported aircraft operated in Japan, Belgian Congo, Mexico and Norway.[3]

Variants[]

Westland/Sikorsky WS-51
Prototype.
Dragonfly HR.1
Air-sea search and rescue helicopter for the Royal Navy powered by a 540 hp (400 kW) Alvis 50 radial piston engine. 13 built, some modified later as HR.5s.
Dragonfly HC.2
Casualty evacuation helicopter for the Royal Air Force similar to the commercial Mark 1A, 2 built.
Dragonfly HR.3
Air-sea search and rescue helicopter for the Royal Navy. Similar to the Dragonfly HR.1, but fitted with all-metal rotor blades, 71 built some later modified as HR.5s.
Dragonfly HC.4
Casualty evacuation helicopter for the RAF similar to the Dragonfly HR.3 with all-metal rotor blades, 12 built.
Dragonfly HR.5
Air-sea search and rescue helicopter for the Royal Navy similar to the Dragonfly HR.3. Modified from HR.1 and HR.3.
Westland-Sikorsky WS-51 Mk.1A
Civil transport helicopter powered by a 520 hp (388 kW) Alvis Leonides 521/1 radial piston engine. Built by Westland in the United Kingdom, 36 built.
Westland-Sikorsky WS-51 Mk.1B
Civil transport helicopter powered by a 450 hp (336 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior B4 radial piston engine, 15 built.

Operators[]

Military and government operators[]

 Ceylon
  • Royal Ceylon Air Force[4]
 Egypt
 Italy
 Thailand
 United Kingdom
British European Airways Sikorsky S-51 in 1953
 Yugoslavia
  • SFR Yugoslav Air Force[12]

Civil operators[]

 Belgium
 Japan
 United Kingdom

Surviving aircraft[]

WS-51 Mk.1A in Royal Thai Air Force Museum in December 2014

Brazil[]

Japan[]

Malta[]

Netherlands[]

HR.5 on static display at the Aviodrome in Lelystad, Netherlands.

Serbia[]

Sri Lanka[]

Thailand[]

United Kingdom[]

HR.1 at the FAA Museum in Yeovilton, England.

Venezuela[]

Specifications (WS-51 Mk.1A)[]

Westland Dragonfly HR3

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1955–56[32]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 3 pax (useful load 530 lb (240 kg)
  • Length: 57 ft 6.5 in (17.539 m) overall
  • Fuselage length: 41 ft 1.75 in (12.5413 m)
  • Height: 12 ft 11.375 in (3.94653 m)
  • Empty weight: 4,366 lb (1,980 kg)
HR Mk.1, HC Mk.4 4,380 lb (1,990 kg)
HC Mk.2 4,450 lb (2,020 kg) including stretcher panners
  • Gross weight: 5,700 lb (2,585 kg)
HR Mk.1, HC Mk.2, HC Mk.4 5,870 lb (2,660 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 5,870 lb (2,663 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 83 imp gal (100 US gal; 380 l) in 2 fuselage tanks
  • Powerplant: 1 × Alvis Leonides 521/1 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine (6lb boost), 520 hp (390 kW)
  • Main rotor diameter: 49 ft (15 m)
  • Main rotor area: 1,885 sq ft (175.1 m2) (Mk. 1A, Mk.1B, HR Mk.3 and HC Mk.4)
  • Rotor diameter (HR Mk.1 and HC Mk.2) 48 ft (15 m)
  • Rotor area (HR Mk.1 and HC Mk.2) 1,809 sq ft (168.1 m2)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 103 mph (166 km/h, 90 kn) at sea level
HR Mk.1, HR Mk.3 95 mph (83 kn; 153 km/h)
HC Mk.2, HR Mk.3 88 mph (76 kn; 142 km/h)
  • Cruise speed: 85 mph (137 km/h, 74 kn)
HC Mk.2, HC Mk.4 78 mph (68 kn; 126 km/h)
  • Range: 300 mi (480 km, 260 nmi) in still air with 20 minutes fuel reserves
HC Mk.2, HC Mk.4 275 mi (239 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 11,000 ft (3,400 m)
HR Mk.1 12,400 ft (3,800 m)
HR Mk.3 13,200 ft (4,000 m)
  • Hover ceiling OGE: 6,000 ft (1,800 m)
HC Mk.2 4,600 ft (1,400 m)
  • Hover ceiling IGE: 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
HR Mk.1 5,600 ft (1,700 m)
HR Mk.3 7,000 ft (2,100 m)
  • Best rate of climb HR Mk.1: 800 ft/min (4.1 m/s) at sea level
  • Best rate of climb HR Mk.3: 1,000 ft/min (5.1 m/s) at sea level
  • Vertical rate of climb HR Mk.1: 50 ft/min (0.25 m/s) at sea level
  • Vertical rate of climb HR Mk.3: 200 ft/min (1.0 m/s) at sea level

See also[]

Related development

Related lists

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Westland Dragonfly HR.5: WG724". nelsam.org.uk. North East Land Sea and Air Museums. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Beaver, Paul (1987). Encyclopaedia of the Fleet Air Arm Since 1945. Yeovil, Somerset: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p. 176. ISBN 978-0850597608.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson 1974, pp. 618–619.
  4. ^ "Worlds Helicopter Market 1968 pg. 50". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  5. ^ "THE WORLD'S AIR FORCES 1955 pg. 658". flightglobal. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  6. ^ "World Air Forces 1955 pg. 631". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  7. ^ James 1991, p. 308.
  8. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 134.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Westland S-5I". Flightglobal Insight. 1953. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Howard, Burrow & Myall 2011, pp. 11–35
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Westland Dragonfly HR5 (WN493)". Fleet Air Arm. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  12. ^ "THE WORLD'S AIR FORCES 1955 pg. 668". flightglobal. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  13. ^ "Helicopters in Civil Operation pg. 388". flightglobal. 21 March 1958. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "きたかみ号". Misawa Aviation & Science Museum. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  15. ^ "Main Exhibition Hangar". Malta Aviation Museum. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  16. ^ "Westland Dragonfly". Demobbed. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  17. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Sikorsky-Westland Dragonfly HR.3, s/n WG752 RN, c/n WA/H/062". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  18. ^ "Сикорски С-51Мк-IB". Aeronautical Museum Belgrade. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  19. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Sikorsky-Westland Dragonfly 1A, s/n CH501 SLAF, c/n WA/H/137". Aerial Visuals.
  20. ^ "Building 5". Royal Thai Air Force Museum. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  21. ^ Darke, Steve (26 December 2016). "ROYAL THAI AIR FORCE MUSEUM, DON MUEANG" (PDF). The Thai Aviation Website. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  22. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Sikorsky-Westland Dragonfly HR.5, s/n VX595". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  23. ^ "[Untitled]". The Helicopter Museum. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  24. ^ "Exhibits". North East Land, Sea and Air Museums. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  25. ^ Crick, Darren; Edwards, Martin; Cowan, Brendan (29 June 2015). "RAAF A80 Sikorsky S-51 Dragonfly [and] RAN Westland Dragonfly". ADF-Serials. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  26. ^ "c/n wa/h/061". Helis.com. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  27. ^ "Westland – Sikorsky Dragonfly HR.5". Yorkshire Air Museum. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  28. ^ "Westland Dragonfly HR5 (WN493)". Fleet Air Arm Museum. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  29. ^ "Aircraft List". South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  30. ^ "OUR EXHIBITS". Morayvia. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  31. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Sikorsky-Westland Dragonfly HR.3". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  32. ^ Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1955). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1955–56. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. pp. 105–106.

Bibliography[]

  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing.
  • Howard, Lee; Burrow, Mick; Myall, Eric (2011). Fleet Air Arm Helicopters since 1943. Air-Britain Historians Limited. ISBN 978-0-85130-304-8.
  • Jackson, A.J. (1974). British Civil Aircraft Since 1919 – Volume Three. Putnam & Company Limited. ISBN 0-370-10014-X.
  • James, D (1991). Westland Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778471.
  • Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.

External links[]

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