Belonogaster

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Belonogaster
Belonogaster.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Vespoidea
Family: Vespidae
Subfamily: Polistinae
Tribe: Ropalidiini
Genus: Belonogaster
Saussure, 1854[1]

Belonogaster (belone - "needle", gaster - "belly") is a large genus of mainly Afrotropical quasisocial wasps, although some species occur in Arabia and two extend as far as India.[2] They have characteristics of both the eusocial and the solitary wasps.[3] Belonogaster constructs communal paper nests where the grubs are fed on masticated, soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars.[4] The type species is Belonogaster juncea,[4] which consists of two subspecies: and Belonogaster juncea juncea.[5] Belanogaster wasps are an important food source for wintering European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) in sub-Saharan Africa.[6] In African traditional medicine, wasps of the genus are cooked with plant roots and consumed to cure various childhood sicknesses, as well as having ceremonial use similar to that of honey bees (Apis mellifera).[7] Some birds choose to build their nests near the nests of Belonogaster for protection, including mousebirds and weavers.[8]

Species[]

The following species are included:[4]

  • Buysson, 1906
  • Richards, 1982
  • Giordani Soika, 1957
  • Saussure, 1900
  • Giordani Soika, 1958
  • Schulthess, 1912
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Saussure, 1900
  • Richards, 1982
  • Kohl, 1894
  • Saussure, 1891
  • Richards, 1982
  • Ritsema, 1874
  • Richards, 1982
  • Kohl, 1894
  • Kohl, 1894
  • Saussure, 1891
  • Buysson, 1908
  • Richards, 1982
  • (Saussure, 1853)
  • Richards, 1982
  • Buysson, 1909
  • Buysson, 1909
  • (Fabricius, 1775)
  • (Saussure, 1853)
  • Saussure, 1891
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Belonogaster juncea (Fabricius, 1781)
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Schulz, 1906
  • Gerstaecker, 1855
  • Buysson, 1909
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • (Fabricius, 1781)
  • Richards, 1982
  • (Saussure, 1853)
  • Richards, 1982
  • Gribodo, 1879
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Belonogaster petiolata (Degeer, 1778)
  • Richards, 1982
  • Saussure, 1891
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Richards, 1982
  • Schulthess, 1914
  • Saussure, 1891
  • Kirby, 1881
  • Richards, 1982
  • Kohl, 1893
  • Kohl, 1894
  • Kohl, 1894
  • Richards, 1982
  • Buysson, 1906

References[]

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-04-25. Retrieved 2012-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ O. W. Richards, 1982 A revision of the genus Belonogaster de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 44(2): 31-114
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ a b c https://www.waspweb.org/Vespoidea/Vespidae/Polistinae/Belonogaster/index.htm
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 2014-09-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/130.pdf
  7. ^ O. A. Lawal and A. D. Banjo, 2007. Survey for the Usage of Arthropods in Traditional Medicine in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Entomology, 4: 104–112.
  8. ^ "Handbook of the Birds of the World – Volume 6 – Lynx Edicions".


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