Ben Lear

Benjamin Lear
General Ben Lear
Nickname(s)	"Yoo Hoo"
Born	(1879-05-12)May 12, 1879 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Died	November 2, 1966(1966-11-02) (aged 87) Murfreesboro, Tennessee
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1898–1945
Rank	General
Commands held	1st Cavalry Division (1936–1938) Pacific Sector Panama Canal Zone (1938–1940) U.S. Second Army (1940–1943) Army Ground Forces (1944–1945)
Battles/wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Distinguished Service Medal (2) Silver Star

Medal record
Men's Equestrian
Representing the  United States
Olympic Games
	1912 Stockholm	Team eventing

Benjamin Lear (May 12, 1879 – November 2, 1966) was a United States Army general who served in the Spanish–American War, Philippine Insurrection, World War I and World War II. He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics.^[1]

Early career[]

Ben Lear was born in Hamilton, Ontario, on May 12, 1879. His military service began in 1898, when he enlisted with the 1st Colorado Infantry, USV, for the Spanish–American War as a first sergeant. He was promoted to second lieutenant during the Philippine–American War in the 1st Colorado and later in the 36th Infantry, USV, then joined the regular army as a sergeant at the end of the war. He subsequently served in World War I.

Lear (right) on the 1912 U.S. Olympic equestrian team

He was a 1912 Olympian, part of the equestrian team which won the bronze medal in the three-day team event.

Lear graduated from the Army School of the Line in 1922, the Army General Staff School in 1923, and the Army War College in 1926.

He was promoted to brigadier general in May 1936 and major general in October 1938. He commanded the 1st Cavalry Division from 1936 to 1938, and the Pacific Sector of the Panama Canal Zone from 1938 to 1940.^[2]

World War II[]

Stateside duty[]

Lear on a visit to Davis-Monthan Airfield, Tucson, Arizona

Lear was promoted to lieutenant general in October 1940 and was commanding general of U.S. Second Army from October 20, 1940 to April 25, 1943. As such, he was responsible for training a large number of U.S. soldiers during World War II. He became known as a strict disciplinarian.

It was in the lead-up to these maneuvers that Lear acquired the nickname "Yoo-Hoo". Lear was playing golf at the country club in Memphis, Tennessee, in civilian clothes on July 6, 1941, when a convoy of 80 U.S. Army trucks carrying men of the 110th Quartermaster Regiment, 35th Division rolled past. The troops in the passing trucks subjected a group of women in shorts to a series of whistles and "lewd and obscene" catcalls.

Lear had the convoy stopped, and told the officers that this conduct was unacceptable and they had disgraced the Army. Lear's punishment was to make every one of the 350 men in the convoy march 15 miles (24 km) of the 45-mile (72 km) trip back to Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas in three 5-mile sections. This they did in the 97 °F (36 °C) heat. Many men straggled and a number collapsed. There was storm of public criticism of Lear's action from people who felt that the soldiers had been harshly and collectively punished when many had done nothing wrong. The commander of the 35th Division, Major General Ralph E. Truman, was well-connected politically, his cousin being Senator Harry S. Truman, and some congressmen called for Lear to be retired. However, to Army eyes this was not a case of sexual harassment but of indiscipline, and no action was taken against Lear.^[3] The derogatory nickname "Yoo-Hoo" stuck.

During the Louisiana Maneuvers, Lear led his U.S. Second Army against the U.S. Third Army under Lieutenant General Walter Krueger. In these maneuvers, Lear judged the control and discipline of the 35th Division to be unsatisfactory, and relieved Truman of his command.^[4]

Lear continued in command of Second Army until he was relieved by Lieutenant General Lloyd Fredendall in April 1943.

Retirement and recall to active duty[]

Lear was administratively retired in May 1943, having reached the mandatory retirement age of 64, but was immediately recalled to active duty to serve on the Personnel Board of the Secretary of War, and promoted to lieutenant general. He became Commanding General of Army Ground Forces on 14 July 1944 when Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, his predecessor, was killed in Normandy on 25 July 1944.

After the German counter-attack in the Ardennes caused a manpower crisis, in January 1945 he was appointed deputy commander of European Theater of Operations, US Army, responsible for theater manpower. As such, he overhauled the replacement system, but the war against Germany ended before the full benefits of his reforms could be realized.

Retirement[]

Lear fully retired from the army in July 1945 and was promoted to general on 19 July 1954, by special act of Congress (Public Law 83-508).

He died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, on 2 November 1966, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 4, Grave 2690.^[5]

Decorations and medals[]

	Army Distinguished Service Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster
	Silver Star
	Spanish War Service Medal
	Philippine Campaign Medal
	Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
	Army of Cuban Pacification Medal
	Mexican Border Service Medal
	World War I Victory Medal
	American Defense Service Medal
	American Campaign Medal
	European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with three service stars
	World War II Victory Medal
	Army of Occupation Medal
	Legion of Honour, Commandeur

Promotions[]

No pin insignia in 1898	First sergeant, Volunteer Army: May 1, 1898
No pin insignia in 1899	Second lieutenant, Volunteer Army: April 1, 1899
	First lieutenant, Volunteer Army: July 12, 1899
No pin insignia in 1901	Second lieutenant, United States Army: June 12, 1901
	First lieutenant, United States Army: December 9, 1901
	Captain, United States Army: August 10, 1912
	Major, National Army: August 5, 1917
	Lieutenant colonel, National Army: January 26, 1918
	Colonel, temporary: August 31, 1918
	Captain, Regular Army: September 25, 1919
	Lieutenant colonel, Regular Army: July 1, 1920
	Colonel, Regular Army: September 19, 1929
	Brigadier general, Regular Army: May 1, 1936
	Major general, Regular Army: October 1, 1938
	Lieutenant general, Regular Army: October 1, 1940
	Lieutenant general, Retired List: July 31, 1945
	General, Retired List: July 19, 1954

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ben Lear.

• Ben Lear at Find a Grave