Beuthen District

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Beuthen
Landkreis Beuthen
Landkreis
Land- und Stadtkreis Beuthen bis 1922.png
Country
ProvinceSilesia
SeatBeuthen (not part of the district from 1890)
Population
 (1910)
 • Total195,844[1]

Beuthen District, or Beuthen Rural District (German: Landkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat ziemski Bytom) was an Upper Silesian rural district with its seat in Beuthen (Polish: Bytom), which itself was a separate district - an urban district (German: Stadtkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat miejski Bytom).

History[]

In 1742 King Friedrich II of Prussia introduced Prussian administrative structures to the Silesia Province. Lands belonging to the Free State County of Bytom became a Prussian district - District of Beuthen (German: Kreis Beuthen).[2]

In 1873 the Beuthen District was divided up: The Kattowitz, Tarnowitz and Zabrze districts were formed from parts of the district's land. In 1890 Beuthen became a stadtkreis (urban district), subsequently leaving the Beuthen District and on April 1, 1898 the town of Königshütte (Polish: Królewska Huta) split off from the Beuthen District to become its own district.[2]

Plebiscite in Silesia[]

After Germany's loss in World War I, it was decided at Versailles that a plebiscite would be held in Upper Silesia. From 1919 to 1921, Beuthen alongside the rest of Upper Silesia entered the plebiscite era. In the Upper Silesia Plebiscite the residents of Beuthen Urban District voted by a majority of 74.7% to remain in Germany. However, in the Beuthen Rural District the Polish side received 59.1% of the vote.

Following the plebiscite, the Beuthen District was divided up between Germany and Poland. Poland received the southern and eastern parts of the district from which the (Polish: Powiat świętochłowicki) was created. The city of Beuthen (with the exception of Friedenshütte) remained with Germany.

Demographics[]

Population of the District of Beuthen by year:[3]

1890 1900 1910
Stadtkreis 36,905 51,404 67,718
Landkreis 121,763 195,758 195,844

Ethnic composition[]

The table below presents the population structure of the Beuthen district prior to its division in 1873, according to the Prussian census information.[4]

Population of Kreis Beuthen
1852 1861 1867
Germans 16,416 17.4% 31,903 21.9% 44,496 23.1%
Poles 77,857 82.6% 113,741 78.1% 147,894 76.9%
Total 94,273 145,644 192,390

Jews[]

Main article: Beuthen Jewish community

Czechs[]

A small Czech minority inhabited Upper Silesia, including the Beuthen District. In 1905 there were 253 Czechs living in Beuthen.[3] This number however kept fluctuating up and down; by 1910 there were only 149 Czechs left in Beuthen.

Municipalities[]

Municipalities of the Beuthen District in 1910:[5]

Gemeinde Populaiton (1910) Powiat/City (2020)
Beuthen District
Stadtkreis Beuthen 67718 Bytom herb.svg Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Birkenhain 4804 POL Brzeziny Śląskie (dzielnica Piekar Śląskich) COA.svg Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Bismarckhütte 22687 Wappen Bismarckhütte.png Chorzów POL Chorzów COA.svg
Bobrek 8821 Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Brzezowitz 2224 POL Brzozowice COA.svg Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Deutsch Piekar 9733 POL Piekary Śląskie COA (1945–2005).png Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Groß Dombrowka 3591 POL Dąbrówka Wielka (dzielnica Piekar Śląskich) COA.svg Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Hohenlinde 10853 Hohenlinde Wapyn.png Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Karf 6083 Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Kamin 1887 POL Kamień (dzielnica Piekar Śląskich) COA.svg Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Lipine 18190 Świętochłowice POL Świętochłowice COA.svg
Miechowitz 12248 POL Bytom-Miechowice COA.svg Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Neu Heiduk 6240 Chorzów POL Chorzów COA.svg
Orzegow 14166 Ruda Śląska POL Ruda Śląska alt COA.svg
Rokittnitz 2848 Zabrze POL Zabrze COA.svg
Roßberg 20435 Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Scharley 11009 POL Szarlej (dzielnica Piekar Śląskich) COA.svg Piekary Śląskie POL Piekary Śląskie COA.svg
Schlesiengrube 10313 POL Chropaczów old COA.svg Świętochłowice POL Świętochłowice COA.svg
Schomberg 5999 Bytom Bytom herb.svg
Schwientochlowitz 23640 Swietochlowice Hag arms.png Świętochłowice POL Świętochłowice COA.svg

References[]

  1. ^ "Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900". gemeindeverzeichnis.de.
  2. ^ a b "Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz". territorial.de.
  3. ^ a b Leszek, Belzyt (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Marburg. p. 263.
  4. ^ Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.
  5. ^ Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. p. 12-13. http://polona.pl/item/67859822

Sources[]

  • Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900 gemeindeverzeichnis.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz www.territorial.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. Warszawa 1922.
  • Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Belzyt, Leszek. Marburg 1998.


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