Beuthen District
Beuthen
Landkreis Beuthen | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Country |
|
Province | Silesia |
Seat | Beuthen (not part of the district from 1890) |
Population (1910) | |
• Total | 195,844[1] |
Beuthen District, or Beuthen Rural District (German: Landkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat ziemski Bytom) was an Upper Silesian rural district with its seat in Beuthen (Polish: Bytom), which itself was a separate district - an urban district (German: Stadtkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat miejski Bytom).
History[]
In 1742 King Friedrich II of Prussia introduced Prussian administrative structures to the Silesia Province. Lands belonging to the Free State County of Bytom became a Prussian district - District of Beuthen (German: Kreis Beuthen).[2]
In 1873 the Beuthen District was divided up: The Kattowitz, Tarnowitz and Zabrze districts were formed from parts of the district's land. In 1890 Beuthen became a stadtkreis (urban district), subsequently leaving the Beuthen District and on April 1, 1898 the town of Königshütte (Polish: Królewska Huta) split off from the Beuthen District to become its own district.[2]
Plebiscite in Silesia[]
After Germany's loss in World War I, it was decided at Versailles that a plebiscite would be held in Upper Silesia. From 1919 to 1921, Beuthen alongside the rest of Upper Silesia entered the plebiscite era. In the Upper Silesia Plebiscite the residents of Beuthen Urban District voted by a majority of 74.7% to remain in Germany. However, in the Beuthen Rural District the Polish side received 59.1% of the vote.
Following the plebiscite, the Beuthen District was divided up between Germany and Poland. Poland received the southern and eastern parts of the district from which the (Polish: Powiat świętochłowicki) was created. The city of Beuthen (with the exception of Friedenshütte) remained with Germany.
Demographics[]
Population of the District of Beuthen by year:[3]
1890 | 1900 | 1910 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stadtkreis | 36,905 | 51,404 | 67,718 | ||||||
Landkreis | 121,763 | 195,758 | 195,844 |
Ethnic composition[]
The table below presents the population structure of the Beuthen district prior to its division in 1873, according to the Prussian census information.[4]
1852 | 1861 | 1867 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germans | 16,416 | 17.4% | 31,903 | 21.9% | 44,496 | 23.1% |
Poles | 77,857 | 82.6% | 113,741 | 78.1% | 147,894 | 76.9% |
Total | 94,273 | 145,644 | 192,390 |
Jews[]
Czechs[]
A small Czech minority inhabited Upper Silesia, including the Beuthen District. In 1905 there were 253 Czechs living in Beuthen.[3] This number however kept fluctuating up and down; by 1910 there were only 149 Czechs left in Beuthen.
Municipalities[]
Municipalities of the Beuthen District in 1910:[5]
Gemeinde | Populaiton (1910) | Powiat/City (2020) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beuthen District | |||||
Stadtkreis Beuthen | 67718 | ![]() |
Bytom ![]() | ||
Birkenhain | 4804 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Bismarckhütte | 22687 | ![]() |
Chorzów ![]() | ||
Bobrek | 8821 | Bytom ![]() | |||
Brzezowitz | 2224 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Deutsch Piekar | 9733 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Groß Dombrowka | 3591 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Hohenlinde | 10853 | ![]() |
Bytom ![]() | ||
Karf | 6083 | Bytom ![]() | |||
Kamin | 1887 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Lipine | 18190 | Świętochłowice ![]() | |||
Miechowitz | 12248 | ![]() |
Bytom ![]() | ||
Neu Heiduk | 6240 | Chorzów ![]() | |||
Orzegow | 14166 | Ruda Śląska ![]() | |||
Rokittnitz | 2848 | Zabrze ![]() | |||
Roßberg | 20435 | Bytom ![]() | |||
Scharley | 11009 | ![]() |
Piekary Śląskie ![]() | ||
Schlesiengrube | 10313 | ![]() |
Świętochłowice ![]() | ||
Schomberg | 5999 | Bytom ![]() | |||
Schwientochlowitz | 23640 | ![]() |
Świętochłowice ![]() |
References[]
- ^ "Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900". gemeindeverzeichnis.de.
- ^ a b "Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz". territorial.de.
- ^ a b Leszek, Belzyt (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Marburg. p. 263.
- ^ Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.
- ^ Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. p. 12-13. http://polona.pl/item/67859822
Sources[]
- Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900 gemeindeverzeichnis.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz www.territorial.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. Warszawa 1922.
- Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Belzyt, Leszek. Marburg 1998.
- Bytom
- Province of Silesia