Biathlon at the Winter Olympics

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Biathlon at the Winter Olympics
Biathlon pictogram.svg
Governing bodyIBU
Events11 (men: 5; women: 5; mixed: 1)
Games
Note: demonstration or exhibition sport years indicated in italics
  • Medalists

Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, the men's 4 × 7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 × 7.5 km relay (4 × 7.5 km during 1994-2002, and 4 × 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval he/she trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition.

Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and 1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Winter Games. The official website of the IOC now treats Men's Military Patrol at the 1924 Games as a separate discipline, without mixing it with the sports of Skiing or Biathlon.[1][2] However, the 1924 Official Report treats it as an event within the sport of skiing.[3][4]

Summary[]

Games Year Events Best Nation
1 1924 1  Switzerland
2 1928 1  Norway
3
4 1936 1  Italy
5 1948 1  Switzerland
6
7
8 1960 1  Sweden
9 1964 1  Soviet Union
10 1968 2  Soviet Union
11 1972 2  Soviet Union
12 1976 2  Soviet Union
13 1980 3  Soviet Union
14 1984 3  Norway
15 1988 3  East Germany
Games Year Events Best Nation
16 1992 6  Germany
17 1994 6  Russia
18 1998 6  Norway
19 2002 8  Norway
20 2006 10  Germany
21 2010 10  Norway
22 2014 11  Norway
23 2018 11  Germany
24 2022 11  Norway

Events[]

Men's[]

• = official event, (d) = demonstration event

Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
Military patrol • (d) (d) (d) 4
individual (20 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17
relay (4×7.5 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15
sprint (10 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • 12
pursuit (12.5 km) • • • • • • 6
mass start (15 km) • • • • • 5
Total events 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5

Women's[]

• = official event, (d) = demonstration event

Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
individual (15 km) • • • • • • • • • 9
relay (4×6 km) [5] • • • • • • • • • 9
sprint (7.5 km) • • • • • • • • • 9
pursuit (10 km) • • • • • • 6
mass start (12.5 km) • • • • • 5
Total events 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5

Mixed[]

Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
relay (4×6 km) [6] • • • 3
Total events 1 1 1

Medal table[]

See also: List of Olympic medalists in biathlon

Sources (after the 2022 Winter Olympics):[7]
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Norway (NOR)22171655
2 Germany (GER)20211354
3 France (FRA)1291132
4 Russia (RUS)105823
5 Soviet Union (URS)95519
6 Sweden (SWE)66618
7 Belarus (BLR)44311
8 East Germany (GDR)34411
9 Slovakia (SVK)3317
10 Unified Team (EUN)2226
11 Canada (CAN)2013
12 West Germany (FRG)1225
13 Ukraine (UKR)1135
14 Bulgaria (BUL)1012
15 Czech Republic (CZE)0437
16 Finland (FIN)0426
17 Austria (AUT)0336
18 Italy (ITA)0167
19 ROC0134
20 Slovenia (SLO)0112
21 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0101
 Poland (POL)0101
 Switzerland (SUI)0101
24 Croatia (CRO)0011
Totals (24 nations)969695287
Notes
  • This table does not include medals of 1924 military patrol event, that the IOC now treats as a separate discipline.
  • 2 silver medals and no bronze were awarded at 2010 men's individual distance.
  • 1 silver medal at the 2014 Olympics was stripped and is not redistributed.

Number of biathletes by nation[]

Nation 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
 Andorra (AND)               1 1
 Argentina (ARG)               4 3 3 7 1 2 1 7
 Australia (AUS)               1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 8
 Austria (AUT)               4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 9 9 10 15
 Belarus (BLR)               11 9 11 10 9 10 10 10 8
 Belgium (BEL)               2 5 2
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)               2 1 1 3
 Bulgaria (BUL)               2 2 3 5 10 5 5 5 6 6 6 10 8 13
 Canada (CAN)               5 5 9 7 6 1 7 8 8 10 8 11
 Chile (CHI)               2 2 2
 China (CHN)               5 5 8 4 4 5 6 6 5 2 8 11
 Chinese Taipei (TPE)               2 1 2
 Costa Rica (CRC)               1 1
 Croatia (CRO)               1 1 2 3
 Czech Republic (CZE)               10 8 10 10 10 10 11 10 8
 Denmark (DEN)               1 1 2
 Estonia (EST)               8 9 4 4 6 9 9 6 8 9
 Finland (FIN)               4 4 6 5 4 6 5 5 9 9 7 9 1 4 4 8 8 17
 France (FRA)               4 1 6 5 5 5 4 7 10 11 10 10 9 11 12 12 12 17
 Germany (GER)               10 9 11 11 10 12 12 12 11 11
 Great Britain (GBR)               2 4 5 4 4 4 6 4 5 4 2 4 2 1 2 1 16
 Greece (GRE)               2 1 1 2 1 2 1 7
 Guam (GUM)               1 1
 Hungary (HUN)               1 5 1 9 5 5 3 2 1 1 10
 Italy (ITA)               5 4 5 5 6 10 6 6 10 10 10 10 11 10 14
 Japan (JPN)               2 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 2 8 8 9 2 5 6 6 16
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)               2 8 2 2 9 10 10 3 8
 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)               1 1 1 3
 Latvia (LAT)               4 5 5 5 9 9 2 3 1 9
 Lithuania (LTU)               2 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 5 9
 Moldova (MDA)               2 2 2 4 2 1 4 7
 Mongolia (MGL)               4 2 2
 Norway (NOR)               3 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 12 11 9 9 10 11 12 11 12 17
 New Zealand (NZL)               1 1 2
 Poland (POL)               4 6 5 4 9 10 9 5 10 10 10 7 5 13
 Puerto Rico (PUR)               1 1
 Romania (ROU)               4 4 5 4 5 6 5 2 4 5 5 2 6 2 14
 Russia (RUS)               10 11 11 12 11 12 6
 Serbia (SRB)               1 1 2
 Slovenia (SLO)               5 6 9 10 8 8 6 7 6 89
 Slovakia (SVK)               6 5 6 10 10 8 10 8 8
 South Korea (KOR)               1 5 4 1 2 1 2 2 6 3 10
 Spain (ESP)               2 1 1 2 4
 Switzerland (SUI)               4 3 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 6 9 10 8 13
 Sweden (SWE)               4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 10 10 8 5 6 10 5 10 11 17
 Ukraine (UKR)               10 10 11 10 11 11 11 10 8
 United States (USA)               4 4 5 4 5 6 6 5 11 9 9 8 9 9 10 10 8 17
NOCs no longer competing at the Winter Olympics
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)               2 5 5 4 5 5 10 7
 East Germany (GDR)               5 5 5 4 4 6 6
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)               4 1
 Serbia and Montenegro (SCG)               1 1
 Republic of China (ROC)               10 1
 Soviet Union (URS)               4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 8
 Unified Team (EUN)               11 1
 United Team of Germany (EUA)               4 4 2
 West Germany (FRG)               4 2 6 6 4 5 6
 Yugoslavia (YUG)               1 6 1 4 4
Nations - - - - - - - 9 14 16 14 18 18 25 22 28 32 32 34 37 37 36 28 30 56
Biathletes - - - - - - - 30 51 72 62 74 76 95 90 196 193 183 190 204 221 216 219 212 1583
Year 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22

See also[]

  • List of Olympic venues in biathlon
  • Biathlon rifle Anschütz 1827F

References[]

  1. ^ "Chamonix 1924 Results". IOC. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  2. ^ "Chamonix 1924 Military Patrol Men Results". IOC. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  3. ^ Official Report (1924), p 646: Le Programme ... II. — Epreuves par équipes - 12. Ski : Course militaire (20 à 30 kilomètres, avec tir). (The Programme ... II. — Team events - 12. Skiing : Military Race (20 to 30 kilometres, with shooting)).
  4. ^ Official Report (1924), p 664: CONCOURS DE SKI - Jurys - COURSE MILITAIRE. (Skiing Competitions - Juries - Military Race)
  5. ^ The women's relay has been contested over three different distances: 3×7.5 km (1992), 4×7.5 km (1994-2002) and 4×6 km (2006-10)
  6. ^ The mixed relay has been contested over two different distances: 2×6 km + 2×7.5 km (2014-18) and 4×6 km (2022)
  7. ^ "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.

External links[]

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