Figure skating at the Olympic Games

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Figure skating at the Olympic Games
Figure skating pictogram.svg
Governing bodyISU
Events5 (men: 1; women: 1; mixed: 3)
Games
  • 1908
  • 1920 (at the Summer Olympics)
  • 1924
  • 1928
  • 1932
  • 1936
  • 1948
  • 1952
  • 1956
  • 1960
  • 1964
  • 1968
  • 1972
  • 1976
  • 1980
  • 1984
  • 1988
  • 1992
  • 1994
  • 1998

Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games.

Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics. Special figures were contested at only one Olympics, in 1908. Synchronized skating has never appeared at the Olympics but aims to be included.[1]

History[]

Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics, in London, United Kingdom. As this traditional winter sport could be conducted indoors, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved its inclusion in the Summer Olympics program.[2] It was featured a second time at the Antwerp Games,[3] after which it was permanently transferred to the program of the Winter Olympic Games, first held in 1924 in Chamonix, France.[2]

In London, figure skating was presented in four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's special figures, and mixed pairs. The special figures contest was won by Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal.[4] He remains the event's sole winner, as it was subsequently dropped from the program.

Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976, after appearing as a demonstration event at Grenoble 1968.[3]

A team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics.[5] It consists of two segments: qualification and finals. During qualification each team has one men's single skater, one ladies' single skater, one pair, and one ice dance couple skate their short program/dance. Before the finals, each team is allowed to replace up to two skaters/couples. The final consists of each skater/couple skating their free program/dance. Results are determined by placement points.[6]

Summary[]

Games Year Events Best Nation
1 1908 4  Great Britain
2
3
4 1920 3  Sweden
5 1924 3  Austria
6 1928 3  France
 Norway
 Sweden
7 1932 3  Austria
8 1936 3  Austria
–
–
9 1948 3  Canada
10 1952 3  United States
11 1956 3  United States
12 1960 3  United States
13 1964 3  United Team of Germany
14 1968 3  Soviet Union
 United States
15 1972 3  Soviet Union
16 1976 4  Soviet Union
17 1980 4  Soviet Union
18 1984 4  United States
Games Year Events Best Nation
19 1988 4  Soviet Union
20 1992 4  Unified Team
21 1994 4  Russia
22 1998 4  Russia
23 2002 4  Russia
24 2006 4  Russia
26 2010 4  China
 United States
27 2014 5  Russia
28 2018 5  Canada
29 2022 5  ROC

Qualifying[]

The number of entries for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. There are 30 participants in each singles events (ladies and men), 20 pairs, and 24 ice dance duos.

Skaters must represent a member nation of the International Skating Union and reach the age of fifteen before July 1 of the previous year. They are also required to be citizens of the country they are representing.[7] Competitors have until just before the Olympics to receive citizenship. Since nationality rules are less strict for the ISU Championships, sometimes skaters who have competed at World or European championships are not eligible for the Olympics.

80% of the Olympic spots (24 men/ladies, 19 dance couples, 16 pairs) are allotted to countries according to the results of the previous year's World Figure Skating Championships. A country may have a maximum of three entries per discipline. Countries earn two or three entries by earning points through their skaters' placements. The points are equal to the sum of the placements of the country's skaters (top two if they have three). If a country only has one skater/couple, that skater/couple must place in the top ten to earn two entries and in the top two to earn three entries. If a country has two skaters/teams, the combined placement of those teams must be 13 or less to qualify 3 entries, and 28 or less to qualify two entries. The remaining places are awarded to one skater/couple each from countries that failed to get multiple places, in order of their skaters' placement in the world championships.

Following the World Championships, countries that have not qualified an entry in a particular discipline receive another opportunity in an international competition held in the autumn (usually the Nebelhorn Trophy) prior to the Olympic Games. Six spots are available in men's singles, six in ladies' singles, four in pairs, and five in ice dance. At some Olympics, the host country is automatically entitled to one entry in each discipline, e.g. in 1994,[8] 2010,[9] and 2018 if minimum scores are achieved.[10] If a country receives a spot by being the host, one fewer spot is available in the autumn qualifying competition.

The selection of representatives is at the national governing body's discretion. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria. This may include reaching a certain placement at the European Figure Skating Championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships.[8]

Events[]

Event 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
Men's singles • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26
Men's special figures • 1
Ladies' singles • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26
Pair skating • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26
Ice dance • • • • • • 13
Mixed team • • • 3
Total events 4 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

Medal table[]

See also: List of Olympic medalists in figure skating

Sources (after the 2022 Winter Olympics):[11]
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics.

As of 2022, Russia surpassed the United States in ranking the most amount of medals than any other country in figure skating. However the medal count below still ranks the United States first. As Russia competed under the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Unified Team, Russian Federation, Olympic Athletes from Russia, & Russian Olympic Committee. Having won a total of 60 medals of which are 30 gold, 21 sliver, 9 bronze. Viktor Petrenko 1988 Bronze Medal & 1992 Gold Medal in Men's singles, who represented the Soviet Union & Unified Team is excluded from this count as Petrenko is Ukrainian[12] and would later represent Ukraine at the 1994 Olympics. This count only applies to Russian athletes as the majority of Soviet figure skaters are Russian or were born in Russian SSR.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)16172154
2 Russia (RUS)149326
3 Soviet Union (URS)109524
4 Austria (AUT)79420
5 Canada (CAN)6111229
6 Great Britain (GBR)53715
7 Sweden (SWE)53210
8 France (FRA)43714
9 Germany (GER)4239
10 Japan (JPN)34411
11 East Germany (GDR)33410
12 Norway (NOR)3216
13 Unified Team (EUN)3115
14 China (CHN)2349
15 ROC2316
16 Netherlands (NED)1203
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)1203
 United Team of Germany (EUA)1203
19 Czechoslovakia (TCH)1135
20 Finland (FIN)1102
 South Korea (KOR)1102
22 Belgium (BEL)1012
 Ukraine (UKR)1012
24 Russian Empire (RU1)1001
25 Hungary (HUN)0246
26 Switzerland (SUI)0213
27 Italy (ITA)0022
 West Germany (FRG)0022
29 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0011
 Spain (ESP)0011
Totals (30 nations)969595286

Participating nations[]

The number in each box represents the number of figure skaters the nation sent.

Nation 08 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
 Argentina 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 Armenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 3 2 - - - 2 4
 Australia - - - - - - - 3 2 6 - - - 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 2 1 1 4 4 2 16
 Austria - - 4 9 2 12 10 4 8 6 10 8 3 6 3 - 2 1 - 1 - 1 2 4 2 3 21
 Azerbaijan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 3 2 - 2 - 2 5
 Belarus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 2 2 1 - - - 2 5
 Belgium - 2 3 2 1 4 3 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 1 1 2 1 2 1 14
 Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
 Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 4 3 5 - - - 1 8
 Canada - - 2 5 6 6 4 6 7 8 12 10 7 11 6 15 17 13 13 10 12 13 12 17 17 13 24
 China - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 6 6 4 4 4 11 9 9 9 11 8 12
 Chinese Taipei - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - 1 - - - - -
 Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 1 1 - - -
 Czechoslovakia - - 1 3 1 3 7 - 4 2 8 8 1 6 2 3 6 6 - - - - - - -
 Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 5 4 1 4 3 5 6 8
 Denmark - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 1 - - - - -
 Estonia - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 - 2 9
 Finland - 3 2 3 1 1 - 2 1 - - - - 1 2 - - 3 3 1 1 2 3 - 1 3 17
 France - 2 5 3 2 - 3 2 3 4 5 5 5 1 1 5 6 12 9 14 8 8 8 9 8 4 24
 Georgia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 3 1 1 6 6
 Germany 3 - - 8 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - 6 10 6 4 5 8 10 8 6 13
 United Team of Germany - - - - - - - 8 4 11 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 East Germany - - - - - - - - - - - 8 7 10 7 8 5 - - - - - - - -
 West Germany - - - - - - - - - - - 11 5 4 7 9 8 - - - - - - - -
 Great Britain 11 6 6 6 4 12 9 8 8 4 5 7 5 12 9 10 9 7 6 1 2 2 7 6 2 3 26
 Hungary - - - - 4 7 6 6 2 - 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 5 3 2 2 5 3 - 1 2 20
 Israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 4 4 2 3 7 3 8
 Italy - - - - - 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 7 2 3 4 7 - 6 9 7 9 11 11 9 20
 Japan - - - - 2 5 - - - 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 5 6 4 7 4 6 8 10 9 10 19
 Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 5 - - 2 2 3
 South Korea - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 - 2 3 7 4 16
 North Korea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 6 - - - 4 1 - 2
 Latvia - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 3 - - - - - 2 1 5
 Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 - 2 7
 Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - -
 Malaysia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
 Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 3
 Netherlands - - - - - - - 1 2 2 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7
 Norway - 6 1 3 1 4 3 4 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -
 Philippines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
 Poland - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 - 1 3 2 3 5 4 4 4 - 2 3 13
 Romania - - - - - 3 - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 -
 Russia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 17 16 16 16 15 - 18 7
 Russian Empire 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 Olympic Athletes from Russia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
 Serbia and Montenegro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - -
 Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 - 1 1 3
 Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 1 1 2 - -
 South Africa - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - -
 Spain - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 - - 2 4 4 4 9
 Sweden 4 4 1 1 2 1 - 2 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 2 2 1 - 1 - 1 1 2 1 2 21
 Switzerland - 1 1 2 - 3 7 5 4 3 8 1 1 3 2 2 2 - 1 1 4 3 4 - 1 2 22
 Turkey - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 2
 Soviet Union - - - - - - - - - 4 4 10 10 16 16 17 17 - - - - - - - -
 Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 10 11 11 7 6 4 6 8
 Unified Team - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 - - - - - - -
 United States 1 2 3 6 12 9 9 10 10 12 12 12 11 15 14 18 16 16 12 13 14 16 15 15 14 16 26
 Uzbekistan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 4 3 1 1 1
 Yugoslavia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 - - - - - - - -
Skaters 21 26 29 51 39 84 64 63 59 71 88 96 67 105 83 112 128 133 129 145 143 147 146 149 153 117 2448
Nations 6 8 11 12 13 17 12 15 15 14 15 17 18 18 20 20 26 28 28 37 31 35 31 30 32 30
Year 08 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 26

Medals per year[]

# Number of medals won by the NOC at these Games – NOC did not win medals at these Games NOC did not participate at these Games (in 1912, there was no figure skating)
NOC 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 Total
 Austria (AUT) – 3 4 2 3 2 1 2 – 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 20
 Belgium (BEL) – – – 1 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2
 Canada (CAN) – – – – 1 – 2 – 1 2 2 – 1 1 – 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 29
 China (CHN) – – – – 1 1 1 2 2 – 1 8
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 1 – – 1 – 1 5
 East Germany (GDR) 1 1 3 3 1 1 10
 Finland (FIN) – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2
 France (FRA) – – 1 1 1 – – 1 – – 1 1 1 – – – – 1 1 2 1 – – – 1 13
 Germany (GER) 2 – – 2 1 – – 1 – – 1 1 1 9
 United Team of Germany (EUA) – 1 2 3
 Great Britain (GBR) 6 1 1 – – 1 1 1 – – – – – 1 1 1 – – 1 – – – – – – 15
 Hungary (HUN) – – – 1 1 1 1 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 6
 Italy (ITA) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 1 – 2
 Japan (JPN) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 1 2 1 2 7
 Kazakhstan (KAZ) – – – – – 1 – 1
 Netherlands (NED) – – – – – – – 1 1 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 3
 Norway (NOR) – 3 – 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 3 3
 Russia (RUS) 5 5 5 4 2 5 26
 Russian Empire (RU1) 1 1
 South Korea (KOR) – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – 2
 Soviet Union (URS) – – 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 24
 Spain (ESP) – – – – – – – 1 1
 Sweden (SWE) 3 3 1 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10
 Switzerland (SUI) – – 1 – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 3
 Ukraine (UKR) 1 – – 1 – – – 2
 Unified Team (EUN) 5 5
 United States (USA) – 1 1 1 2 – 1 4 5 4 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 51
 West Germany (FRG) 1 – – 1 – – 2
Year 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 –

See also[]

References[]

General

Specific

  1. ^ Chernoff, Allan (28 February 2013). "A Move to the Front of the Line". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
  2. ^ a b "Figure Skating". Official website of the Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2008-12-06. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  3. ^ a b "Figure Skating: History". Official website of the Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  4. ^ Windhausen, John D. (1976). "Russia's First Olympic Victor" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. United States of America: North American Society for Sport History. 3 (1): 35–44. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-08-07. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  5. ^ Sarkar, Pritha (29 March 2012). "Figure skating-New team event at Sochi Olympics will begin early". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  6. ^ Anderson Cezar (25 October 2018). "Official Results Book Figure Skating" (PDF). pyeongchang2018.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-25. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  7. ^ "2012 Constitution and General Regulations: Rule 108" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
  8. ^ a b Hersh, Phil (26 January 1994). "Hard To Figure: No Norwegian Skaters". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
  9. ^ "Special Regulations & Technical Rules" (PDF). International Skating Union. June 2008. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010.
  10. ^ "55th ISU Ordinary Congress". International Skating Union. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  11. ^ "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  12. ^ , Wikipedia, 2021-05-10, retrieved 2022-02-19

External links[]

Media related to Figure skating at the Olympics at Wikimedia Commons

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