Bird Island, South Georgia
Bird Island | |
|---|---|
 Bird Island | |
 South Georgia settlements | |
| Coordinates: 54°0′20″S 38°3′0″W / 54.00556°S 38.05000°WCoordinates: 54°0′20″S 38°3′0″W / 54.00556°S 38.05000°W | |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| British Overseas Territory |  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
| Population (2018) | |
| • Total | 10 (summer) 4 (winter) |
| Time zone | UTC−2 (GST) |
Bird Island (Spanish: Isla Pájaro) is 4.8 kilometres (3 mi) long and 800 metres (875 yd) wide, separated from the western end of South Georgia by Bird Sound. It is part of the British overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, also claimed by Argentina as part of Tierra del Fuego province.
History[]
It was discovered in 1775 by a British expedition under James Cook, who so named it "on account of the vast numbers [of birds] that were upon it".
In the late 1950s, the island was the subject of a number of US-funded projects. Between 1959–62, a great number of the island's wandering albatross were ringed, which gave startling data about their range - one bird was found in Australia[citation needed].
The island is currently a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and so there are no landings allowed without permission.
The summit of the island, Roché Peak is named after the Englishman Anthony de la Roché who discovered South Georgia in 1675. Farewell Point forms the northeast extremity of Bird Island
2008 marked the 50th anniversary of biological research on Bird Island.
Research Station[]
The island has been a station for Antarctic research since 1963 and is currently a biological research station of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) at Jordan Cove, with three resident biologists and one technician. The main focus of the research is the ecology and population of the island's seabirds and seals.
While the British Magistrate and other civilians and military present in Grytviken were removed from South Georgia during the Argentine occupation of South Georgia in 1982, another 15 Britons remained beyond Argentine reach. The losses suffered at Grytviken prevented Argentina from occupying the rest of the island, with Bird Island Station, and field camps at Schlieper Bay, Lyell Glacier and St. Andrews Bay remaining under British control.
Wildlife[]
The island is home to:
- 65,000 Antarctic fur seals (around 1 for every 6 m2 (65 sq ft) of the island)
- 50,000 macaroni penguins
- 15,000 pairs of black-browed albatross
- 12,000 pairs of grey-headed albatross
- 1700 pairs of wandering albatross
- 500 pairs of southern giant petrels (10% of South Georgia's total)
This is in addition to several hundred thousand other birds, including gentoo penguins, South Georgia pintails and South Georgia pipits. Of South Georgia's 31 breeding species, 27 are found here. Cetaceans such as southern right whales can be seen on their feeding season in Subantarctic regions.[1]
The island has always been rat-free, unlike the main island of South Georgia where introduced rats were eradicated between 2010 and 2015.
Climate[]
| showClimate data for Bird Island, South Georgia, 1961–1990 |
|---|
See also[]
- Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
- Goldcrest Point
- History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
- List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
- List of Antarctic islands north of 60° S
- Milward Patch
- Molly Hill
- Morris Point
- Owen Shoals
- Payne Creek
- SCAR
- Shoemaker Point
- Sooty Cove
References[]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Climate Normals". Climatic Research Unit, UEA. July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Weather extremes for Bird Island". Météo Climat. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- Stonehouse, B (ed.) Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans (2002, ISBN 0-471-98665-8)
External links[]
- Islands of South Georgia
- Seabird colonies
- Penguin colonies