Boeing-Stearman Model 75

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Model 75 (Stearman Kaydet)
Boeing Stearman N67193.jpg
Boeing Stearman N67193 in U.S. Navy markings
Role Biplane trainer
Manufacturer Stearman Aircraft / Boeing
Introduction 1934
Number built 10,620+

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman, or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy (as the NS and N2S), and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years, they became popular as crop dusters and sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

Design and development[]

A WAVE in a Boeing Stearman N2S United States Navy training aircraft
United States Navy N2S-2 at NAS Corpus Christi, 1943
United States Navy NS-1s of the NAS Pensacola Flight School, 1936
Boeing Stearman E75 (PT-13D) of 1944
Vintage Boeing-Stearman Model 75, Breitling SA
Boeing Stearman (PT-13D) of the TALOA in Dirgantara Mandala Museum, Indonesia
Boeing Stearman (PT-13) of the Israeli Air Force
United States Navy N2S ambulance at NAS Corpus Christi, 1942
Boeing Stearman PT-17, Museum of Historical Studies Institute of Aerospace in Perú - Lima
PT-17 "Kaydet" on display at the Museum of Aviation, Robins AFB
Boeing Stearman PT-17 Kaydet - Aeronautics Museum of Maracay

The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction, with a large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem. The radial engine was usually not cowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron.

Operational history[]

Post-war usage[]

After World War II, thousands of surplus PT-17s were auctioned off to civilians and former military pilots. Many were modified for cropdusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and a constant-speed propeller.

Variants[]

Data from:United States Navy aircraft since 1911,[2] Boeing aircraft since 1916[3] The U.S. Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant:

PT-13
with a Lycoming R-680 engine. Production was 2,141 in total for all models.[4]
PT-13 Initial production, R-680-B4B engine, 26 built
PT-13A R-680-7 engine, 92 delivered 1937–38, Model A-75
PT-13B R-680-11 engine, 255 delivered 1939–40
PT-13C Six PT-13Bs were modified for instrument flying.
PT-13D PT-13As equipped with the R-680-17 engine, 353 delivered, Model E-75
PT-17
With a Continental R-670-5 engine, 3,519 were delivered.
PT-17A 18 PT-17s were equipped with blind-flying instrumentation.
PT-17B Three PT-17s were equipped with agricultural spraying equipment for pest control.
PT-18
PT-13 with a Jacobs R-755 engine, 150 built
PT-18A Six PT-18s were fitted with blind-flying instrumentation.
PT-27
Canadian PT-17: This designation was given to 300 aircraft supplied under Lend-Lease to the Royal Canadian Air Force.

The U.S. Navy had several versions, including:

NS
Up to 61 delivered, powered by surplus 220 hp (164 kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind[5]
N2S
Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall-yellow paint scheme
N2S-1 R-670-14 engine, 250 delivered to the U.S. Navy
N2S-2 R-680-8 engine, 125 delivered to the U.S. Navy
N2S-3 R-670-4 engine, 1,875 delivered to the U.S. Navy
N2S-4 99 U.S. Army aircraft diverted to the U.S. Navy, plus 577 newly built aircraft
N2S-5 R-680-17 engine, 1,450 delivered to the U.S. Navy
Stearman 70
Original prototype, powered by 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming radial engine, temporary designation XPT-943 for evaluation[6]
Model 73
Initial production version, 61 built for U.S. Navy as NS plus export variants[5]
Model 73L3
Version for the Philippines, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) R-680-4 or R-680C1 engines, seven built[7]
Model A73B1
Seven aircraft for Cuban Air Force powered by 235 hp (175 kW) Wright R-790 Whirlwind, delivered 1939–1940[7]
Model A73L3
Improved version for the Philippines, three built[8]
Stearman 75
(or X75) Evaluated by the U.S. Army as a primary trainer, the X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.
Stearman 76
Export trainer and armed versions of the 75
Stearman 90 and 91
(or X90 ano X91) productionized metal-frame version, became the XBT-17
Stearman XPT-943
The X70 evaluated at Wright Field
American Airmotive NA-75
Single-seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high-lift wings[9]

Operators[]

 Argentina
  • Argentine Air Force
  • Argentine Navy received 16 Model 76D1s 1936 to 1937[10] and 60 N2S Kaydet post-war; all were retired by the early 1960s[11]
 Bolivia
 Brazil
Brazilian Air Force model A75L3 and 76.[13]
 Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force received 301 PT-27s under Lend Lease.[14]
 Republic of China
Republic of China Air Force received 150 PT-17s under Lend-Lease,[15] and 104 refurbished aircraft post war in Taiwan. The ROCAF used them until 1958.[16]
 Colombia
Colombian Air Force[12]
 Cuba
 Dominican Republic
 Greece
  • Hellenic Air Force
 Guatemala[17]
  • Guatemalan Air Force[12]
 Honduras
 Iran
Imperial Iranian Air Force[17]
 Israel
Israeli Air Force purchased 20 PT-17s.[18]
 Mexico
Mexican Air Force[17]
 Nicaragua
Nicaraguan Air Force[citation needed]
 Paraguay
Paraguayan Air Force[12]
 Peru
Peruvian Air Force[citation needed]
 Philippines
Philippine Army Air Corps[13]
Philippine Air Force[17]
 United States
United States Army Air Corps/United States Army Air Forces[13]
United States Marine Corps[citation needed]
United States Navy[13]
 Venezuela
Venezuelan Air Force[13]
 Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Air Force

Surviving aircraft[]

A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird.

Argentina
Australia
  • 75-6488 – B75N1 registered as VH-EYC, airworthy, owned by Steven Bradley, Southern Australia 5134[19]
  • 75-8314 – E75 Registered as VH-USE, airworthy, owned by Raalin, Western Australia 6208 [20]
Austria
  • 75-5032 – PT-17 Registered as OE-AMM, airworthy at Hangar-7, Salzburg[21]
Brazil
  • K-132 – A75L3 on display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro[22]
  • K-210 – A76C3 on display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro[23]
  • 38010 – N2S-3 on display at the TAM Museum in São Carlos, São Paulo[24]
Canada
  • 41-8621 – PT-17 airworthy at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum in Hamilton, Ontario.[25]
  • 42-17456 – PT-13D owned by Daniel Jones of Lacombe, Alberta.[26][27]
  • 5284 – N2S-3 under restoration to airworthy with Daniel Jones of Lacombe, Alberta[28][29]
  • 5293 – N2S-3 owned by J. Kurtin of Collingwood, Ontario[30][31]
  • 30083 – N2S-4 on display at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta[32][33]
  • 61105 – N2S-5 with Bruce Bond of Sarnia, Ontario[34][35]
  • 75-3498 – PT-17 airworthy owned by Great River Aviation Ltd. of Whitehorse, Yukon o/a Klondike Airways.[36][37]
Colombia
  • FAC-62 – PT-17 airworthy[citation needed]
  • FAC-1995 – PT-17 airworthy[citation needed]
Iceland
Indonesia
Israel
  • 2752 – PT-17 is airworthy at the Israeli Air Force Museum in Hatzerim.[43]
Mexico
  • Three PT-17s are on display at the Air College.[citation needed]
Netherlands
New Zealand
  • 75-647 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-RJS[46]
  • 75-2055 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-BWR[47]
  • 75-2100 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-KJO[48]
  • 75-2724 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-STM[49]
  • 75-3132 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-TGA[50]
  • 75-3655 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-USN[51]
  • 75-4245 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-PJS[52]
  • 75-5064 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-BOE[53]
  • 75-5907 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-XAF[54]
  • 75-8025A – N2S-3 Registered as ZK-USA[55]
Peru
  • PT-17 is on display at the , Miraflores, Lima.[citation needed]
Spain
  • PT-13 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[56]
  • PT-17 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[57]
Switzerland
  • 75-5436 – PT-13D is airworthy, registered as HB-RBG, and based at the Fliegermuseum Altenrhein.[58] Built in 1943 and restored to airworthiness in 1989 after sustaining considerable damage during an emergency landing in the grounds of the Stadler Rail factory in Altenrhein due to engine failure.[59]
Taiwan
  • PT-17 is on static display at the Aviation Education Exhibition Hall in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City.[60]
United States
Boeing-Stearman NS2-S at the Arkansas Air & Military Museum in Fayetteville, Arkansas
Boeing-Stearman Kaydet at the Air Zoo
Boeing Stearman at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
  • Model 70 is airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It is the original prototype of the Model 75.[61]
  • 37-0099 – PT-13A is on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.[62][63]
  • 41-7960 – PT-17 is airworthy at Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi. It is used as a research aircraft and glider tow-plane.[64][65]
  • 41-8786 – PT-17 is in storage at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[66]
  • 41-8882 – PT-17 on static display at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[67]
  • 41-25454 – PT-17 is airworthy with the Collings Foundation in Stow, Massachusetts.[68]
  • 41-25284 – PT-17 is on static display at the Hill Aerospace Museum in Roy, Utah.[69]
  • 41-25588 – PT-17 is airworthy at the Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport in Santa Rosa, California.[70][failed verification]
  • 41-25623 – PT-17 is on display at Patriots Point in Charleston, South Carolina.[citation needed]
  • 42-15687 – PT-27 is on display at the Vintage Flying Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.[71]
  • 42-16365 – PT-17 is on static display at the Museum of Aviation in Warner Robins, Georgia.[72][69]
  • 42-16388 – PT-17D is on static display at the March Field Air Museum near Riverside, California.[73]
  • 42-16691 – PT-17 is on static display at the Castle Air Museum in Atwater, California.[69]
  • 42-17591 – PT-13D is on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[74][75][76]
  • 42-17724 – PT-13D is on static display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC. It was used in 1944 to train members of the Tuskegee Airmen.[77][78][79]
  • 42-17763 – PT-13D is on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Valle, Arizona.[74][75][80]
  • 42-17800 – PT-13D is on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft is the close (63rd) to the last one built and was donated to the museum in 1959 by the Boeing Aircraft Company, which purchased the Stearman Company in 1934.[81][82][83]
  • 3558 – N2S-2 is under restoration to airworthy at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[74][75][84]
  • 5369 – N2S-3 is on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida. It was flown by George H. W. Bush during his initial training as a naval pilot.[85]
  • 7591 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum in Titusville, Florida.[86][87]
  • 7718 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas.[88][89]
  • 15923 – N2S is on static display at the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina.[90][failed verification]
  • 29981 – N2S-4 is on display at the Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan.[91][92]
  • 38278 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the Tri-State Warbird Museum in Batavia, Ohio.[93][94]
  • 38490 – N2S-5 is airworthy at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas.[88][95]
  • 43197 – N2S-5 is under restoration to airworthy condition with the Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing in Heber City, Utah.[96][97]
  • 61064 – N2S-5 on static display at the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia.[98][99]
  • 92468 – N2S-3 is on static display at the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was flown by George H. W. Bush during his initial training as a naval pilot.[100][101]
  • PT-17 is airworthy at the Military Aviation Museum in Pungo, Virginia.[102]
  • N2S-3 is on display at the Western Antique Aeroplane and Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon.[103]

Specifications (PT-17)[]

Line drawings for the N2S/PT-13

Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[104]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
  • Wingspan: 32 ft 2 in (9.80 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
  • Wing area: 298 sq ft (27.7 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,931 lb (876 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,635 lb (1,195 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 46 US gal (38 imp gal; 170 l)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental R-670-5 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 220 hp (160 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 124 mph (200 km/h, 108 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 96 mph (154 km/h, 83 kn)
  • Service ceiling: 13,200 ft (4,000 m)
  • Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 17 minutes 18 seconds
  • Wing loading: 9.9 lb/sq ft (48 kg/m2)

In popular culture[]

Main article: Aircraft in fiction § Boeing-Stearman Model 75

An iconic movie image is a Stearman cropduster chasing Cary Grant across a field in North by Northwest (the airplane that chased Grant was actually a Naval Aircraft Factory N3N Canary; the plane that hits the truck is a Stearman).[citation needed]

See also[]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ National Museum of the United States Air Force gives the figure 10,346 but this includes the equivalent airframes in manufactured spare parts.
  2. ^ Bowers, Peter M.; Swanborough, Gordon (1990). United States Navy aircraft since 1911. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 494–495. ISBN 0870217925.
  3. ^ Bowers, Peter M. (1989). Boeing aircraft since 1916 (3rd ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 251–269. ISBN 978-0870210372.
  4. ^ NMUSAF fact sheet: Stearman PT-13D Kaydet Archived August 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Bowers 1989, pp. 252–253.
  6. ^ Bowers 1989, pp. 251–252.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Bowers 1989, p. 253.
  8. ^ Bowers 1989, p. 254.
  9. ^ Taylor 1965, p. 178.
  10. ^ Bowers 1989, p. 268.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Núñez Padín, Jorge (2000). "BOEING STEARMAN N2S KAYDET". Fuerzas Navales (in Spanish). Jorge N. Padín. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Andrade 1979, p. 159
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Andrade 1979, p. 158
  14. ^ Bowers 1989, p. 265.
  15. ^ Bowers 1989, p. 262.
  16. ^ Bowers 1989, pp. 260–261.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Boeing-Stearman Kadyet". Military Factory. 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
  18. ^ Nordeen 1991, p. 27.
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  97. ^ "Challenge Coin Stearman 75-8291". Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  98. ^ "Boeing-Stearman N2S-5 Kaydet". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  99. ^ "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61064 USN, c/n 75-5186". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  100. ^ "Boeing N2S-3 Stearman (Trainer)". Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  101. ^ "2012 Annual Report" (PDF). PacificAviationMuseum.org. Pacific Aviation Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  102. ^ "OUR WORLD WAR TWO AIRCRAFT". Military Aviation Museum. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  103. ^ "Stearman N2S-3". Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  104. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 443.

.

Bibliography[]

  • Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, ISBN 0 904597 22 9
  • Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. Stearman: A Pictorial History. Motorbooks, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0479-3.
  • Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London:Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
  • Nordeen, Lon. Fighters Over Israel. London: Guild Publishing, 1991.
  • Phillips, Edward H. Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58007-087-6.
  • Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 30–33. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam, 1963.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
  • United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.

Videography[]

  • Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)

External links[]

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