Boeing Starliner Calypso

Calypso
Calypso at Cape Canaveral in December 2019.
Type	Space capsule
Class	Boeing Starliner
Eponym	RV Calypso
Serial no.	Spacecraft 3
Owner	Boeing
Manufacturer	Boeing
Specifications
Dimensions	5 m × 4.5 m (16 ft × 15 ft)
Launch mass	13,000 kilograms (29,000 lb)
Power	Solar cells; 2.9 kW (3.9 hp)
Rocket	Atlas V N22
History
Location	Cape Canaveral, Florida
First flight	20–22 December 2019 Boeing Orbital Flight Test
Flights	1
Flight time	49 hours
Boeing Starliners
← Spacecraft 2

Boeing Starliner Calypso (Spacecraft 3) is a space capsule manufactured by Boeing and used in NASA's Commercial Crew Program. On 20 December 2019 Calypso launched on the Boeing-Orbital Flight Test mission, an uncrewed test flight of Starliner to the International Space Station.^[1] The spacecraft was scheduled to dock to the ISS and then return to Earth following a week in space, although due to several software issues the spacecraft was unable to rendezvous with the station and landed following two days in space, this resulted in Boeing needing to schedule a second Orbital Flight Test.

Change of Starliner Docking System[]

Boeing has modified the design of the Starliner docking system after the OFT-1 flight. A re-entry cover for additional protection during the capsule’s fiery descent through the atmosphere is being added. This re-entry cover will be hinged. Boeing teams are installing interiors for crew, spacecraft’s propellant heater, thermal protection tiles, and the airbags used in the capsule’s landing.^[2]

History[]

In September 2014 Boeing was one of two companies selected by NASA to develop crewed spacecraft to ferry astronauts to the International Space Station, the other being SpaceX. Boeing planned to construct three Starliner spacecraft. The spacecraft's ability to be reused up to ten times with a six-month turnaround time between flights meant three spacecraft would be enough to satisfy the needs of the Commercial Crew Program.^[3] Spacecraft 3 launched for the first time on Boe-OFT, the first orbital flight of Starliner, on 20 December 2019. The spacecraft was scheduled to dock with the ISS the following day. However, due to software errors causing the spacecraft's Mission Elapsed Timer (MET) to be off by 11 hours, the spacecraft performed an "off-nominal orbital insertion burn" and prevented the spacecraft from being able to rendezvous and dock with the ISS during the flight.^[4] Instead, the spacecraft remained in orbit for two days, performing as many tests as possible without the ISS rendezvous, and landed at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico on 22 December 2019.^[5]

Upon landing, it was announced that the spacecraft would be reflown on Starliner-1, the first operational flight of Starliner to the ISS. After the announcement, NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, commander of Starliner-1, named the spacecraft Calypso after Jacques-Yves Cousteau's oceanography vessel, RV Calypso.^[6] Calypso is currently the only Starliner spacecraft to be given an official name. Although Calypso is still scheduled to return to space on Starliner-1, Boeing's announcement in March 2020 that they would refly the Orbital Flight Test due to the numerous problems on the first test casts some doubt on whether that will actually happen, since the spacecraft rotation might need to be changed. The spacecraft might now return to space on Boe-CFT, the first crewed test flight of Starliner. Following the spacecraft's second flight it is unclear when Boeing or NASA will fly the spacecraft again. Boeing is currently contracted to fly five operational missions to the ISS under the Commercial Crew Program following Starliner-1, so Calypso will most likely see space for a third time on a later crew rotation flight.

Flights[]

Calypso flew in space for the first time on the Boe-OFT mission on 20 December 2019, the spacecraft was scheduled to be reflown on Starliner-1 sometime in 2022.

Mission	Launch date (UTC)	Insignia	Crew	Remarks	Duration	Outcome
OFT-1	20 December 2019, 11:36:43		N/A	First uncrewed orbital test flight of Starliner. The mission's main objective of ISS rendezvous was aborted due to software incorrectly keeping mission time, leading to a late orbital insertion burn with excessive fuel expenditure. Issues led to the need for a repeat Orbital Flight Test being planned.	2d, 1h, 22m, 10s	Partial failure
Starliner-1	NET Q2 2022		Sunita Williams TBA Jeanette Epps TBA	First operational flight of Boeing Starliner, will transport NASA astronauts Sunita Williams, Josh Cassada, Jeanette Epps and JAXA astronaut Koichi Wakata to the ISS. Originally scheduled to be the second Commercial Crew flight, delays have pushed the launch date back.	6 months (planned)	Planned

References[]