Bornean clouded leopard

Bornean clouded leopard
	A Bornean clouded leopard along the lower Kinabatangan, eastern Sabah, Malaysia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	Pantherinae
Genus:	Neofelis
Species:	N. diardi
Subspecies:	N. d. borneensis
Trinomial name
	Neofelis diardi borneensis; Wilting, Christiansen, Kitchener, Kemp, Ambu and Fickel, 2007

The Bornean clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi borneensis) is a subspecies of the Sunda clouded leopard. It is native to the island of Borneo, and differs from the Batu-Sumatran clouded leopard in the shape and frequency of spots, as well as in cranio-mandibular and dental characters.^[1] In 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group recognized the validity of this subspecies.^[2]

Habitat and distribution[]

In Kalimantan, it was recorded in Sabangau National Park.^[3]

In northern Sarawak, it was recorded in mixed dipterocarp forest outside a protected area at elevations of 1,000 to 1,215 m (3,281 to 3,986 ft).^[4]

In Sabah, it was recorded in Danum Valley Conservation Area, Ulu Segama, Malua and Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserves, Tabin Wildlife Reserve and the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary.^[5]

Ecology[]

Results of a camera-trapping survey revealed that it is largely nocturnal. A radio-collared female had a home range of around 23 km² (8.9 sq mi) in 109 days.^[6]

Evolution[]

The Bornean clouded leopard is estimated to have diverged from the Sumatran clouded leopard in the Late Pleistocene, between 400 to 120 thousand years ago. Land bridges that were created due to low sea levels in the Late Pleistocene were submerged by rising sea levels, resulting in the Bornean clouded leopard becoming separated from the mainland population at this time.^[7]

References[]

^ Wilting A.; Christiansen P.; Kitchener A. C.; Kemp Y. J. M.; Ambu L. & Fickel, J. (2010). "Geographical variation in and evolutionary history of the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) with the description of a new subspecies from Borneo". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (2): 317–328. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.007. PMID 21074625.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11).
^ Cheyne, S.M. & Macdonald, D.W. (2011). "Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo". Oryx. 45 (1): 119–124. doi:10.1017/S003060531000133X.
^ Mathai, J.; Buckingham L.; Ong N. (2014). "Borneo bay cat and other felids in a logging concession in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo". Cat News. 60: 34–35.
^ Ross, J.; Hearn, A.J.; Johnson, P.J. & Macdonald, D.W. (2013). "Activity patterns and temporal avoidance by prey in response to Sunda clouded leopard predation risk". Journal of Zoology. 290 (2): 96–106. doi:10.1111/jzo.12018.
^ Hearn, A.J.; Ross, J.; Pamin, D.; Bernard, H.; Hunter, L. & Macdonald, D.W. (2013). "Insights into the spatial and temporal ecology of the Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 61 (2): 871–875.
^ Buckley-Beason, V. A.; Johnson, W. E.; Nash, W. G.; Stanyon, R.; Menninger, J. C.; Driscoll, C. A.; Howard, J. G.; Bush, M.; Page, J. E.; Roelke, M. E. & Stone, G. (2006). "Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2371–2376. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066. PMC 5618441. PMID 17141620.

External links[]

"Borneo Clouded Leopard". YouTube (Video).

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[wilting2010-1] Wilting A.; Christiansen P.; Kitchener A. C.; Kemp Y. J. M.; Ambu L. & Fickel, J. (2010). "Geographical variation in and evolutionary history of the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) with the description of a new subspecies from Borneo". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (2): 317–328. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.007. PMID 21074625.^{[permanent dead link]}

[Catsg2017-2] Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11).

[3] Cheyne, S.M. & Macdonald, D.W. (2011). "Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo". Oryx. 45 (1): 119–124. doi:10.1017/S003060531000133X.

[4] Mathai, J.; Buckingham L.; Ong N. (2014). "Borneo bay cat and other felids in a logging concession in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo". Cat News. 60: 34–35.

[5] Ross, J.; Hearn, A.J.; Johnson, P.J. & Macdonald, D.W. (2013). "Activity patterns and temporal avoidance by prey in response to Sunda clouded leopard predation risk". Journal of Zoology. 290 (2): 96–106. doi:10.1111/jzo.12018.

[6] Hearn, A.J.; Ross, J.; Pamin, D.; Bernard, H.; Hunter, L. & Macdonald, D.W. (2013). "Insights into the spatial and temporal ecology of the Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 61 (2): 871–875.

[7] Buckley-Beason, V. A.; Johnson, W. E.; Nash, W. G.; Stanyon, R.; Menninger, J. C.; Driscoll, C. A.; Howard, J. G.; Bush, M.; Page, J. E.; Roelke, M. E. & Stone, G. (2006). "Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards". Current Biology. 16 (23): 2371–2376. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066. PMC 5618441. PMID 17141620.

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