Bosnia Eyalet

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Bosnia Eyalet
ایالت بوسنه  (Ottoman Turkish)
Bosna Eyaleti  (Turkish)
Bosanski pašaluk  (Serbo-Croatian)
Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
1580–1867
Flag of Bosnia Eyalet
Bosnia Eyalet, Central europe 1683.png
The Bosnia Eyalet in 1683
CapitalBosna-Saray (1520-1533)
Banja Luka
(1553–1639)
Bosna-Saray (1639-1699)
Travnik
(1699–1832)
Area 
• 1856[2]
70,038 km2 (27,042 sq mi)
Population 
• 1732[1]
340,000
• 1787[1]
600,000
History
History 
• Established
1580
• Disestablished
1867
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Sanjak of Bosnia
Bosnia Vilayet
Today part ofBosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro

The Eyalet of Bosnia[3] (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه ,Eyālet-i Bōsnâ‎;[4][1] Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti;[4] Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).[5]

Background[]

After the execution of King Stephen Tomašević in 1463, the central part of the Kingdom of Bosnia was transformed into the sanjak of Bosnia. The Duchy of Herzegovina was added in 1483.

History[]

Establishment[]

In 1580, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović became the first governor of the Bosnia Eyalet, as beylerbey (also referred to as "pasha").[6] The Bosnia Eyalet (or Pashaluk) included the Sanjak of Bosnia (central province), Sanjak of Herzegovina, Sanjak of Vučitrn, Sanjak of Prizren, Sanjak of Klis, Sanjak of Krka, and Sanjak of Pakrac.[6]

Bosnia Eyalet in 1609

The Ottoman wars in Europe continued throughout the period, and the province reached its territorial peak in 1683.

Decline[]

The Great Turkish War that ended in Ottoman defeat in 1699 led to a significant decrease in the territory of the Eyalet, losing all the Slavonian sanjaks ("Požeški sandžak" and "Pakrački sandžak"), the sanjak of Lika and big parts of the Dalmatian coast from the sanjaks of Klisa and Herzegovina. The Eyalet lost three sanjaks and suppressed one (the sanjak of Bihać): after the Treaty of Karlowitz, the province was down to four sanjaks (three of them diminished in size as well) and twelve captaincies. Before the Treaty of Passarowitz, another 28 military captaincies were formed, more than half of them along the frontier. This kind of intensive military administration corresponded to the Austrian Military Frontier on the other side of the same border. In 1703 the seat of the pasha was moved from Sarajevo to Travnik, because Sarajevo had been destroyed by fire in the war; it wouldn't be moved back until 1850.[7]

Bosnian uprising[]

Husein Gradaščević was declared the governor of the Eyalet of Bosnia in 1831 and revolted against the Ottomans in a bid to secure Bosnian independence.
Main article: Bosnian uprising
Map of the Bosnia Eyalet in 1609. with its Sanjak's.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire.[8] In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević, after meeting in Tuzla with Bosnian aristocrats from 20 January to 5 February for preparations, finally occupied Travnik, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia.[1] Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević's.[1] The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new eyalet of Herzegovina was created from the southern part of the eyalet of Bosnia and given to Ali-paša Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising.[1] This new entity lasted only for a few years: after Rizvanbegović's death, it was reintegrated into the Bosnia eyalet.

It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Bosnia Vilayet.[9]

Administration[]

Administrative divisions[]

Administrative division of the eyalet of Bosnia before 1699 were as follows:[10]
  1. Sanjak of Bosnia (Paşa Sancağı, Sarajevo (Sarabosna))
  2. Sanjak of Herzegovina (Hersek Sancağı, Mostar)
  3. Sanjak of Zvornik (İzvornik Sancağı, Zvornik)
  4. Sanjak of Krka-Lika (Kırka Sancağı, Krka-Lika)
  5. Sanjak of Klis (Kilis Sancağı, Klis (Kilis), after mid-16th century Livno (İhlevne)[11])
  6. Pakrac-Cernica (Zaçesne Ocaklılığı, Cernik)
  7. (Bihke Sancağı, Bihać)
 At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was composed of 7 sanjaks:[8]
  2. Sanjak of Zvornik
  5. Sanjak of Novi Pazar
  7. Sanjak of Herzegovina

Capitals[]

Bosnia Eyalet's capital city moved several times:

Governors[]

Main article: List of Ottoman governors of Bosnia

See also[]

Part of a series on the
History of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sclavonia Croatia Bosnia cum Dalmatiæ parte
Early history
Middle Ages
  • Bosnia in the Early Middle Ages (before 10th c.)
  • Travunia - Zachumlia (~9th–14th c.)
  • Banate (~1154–1377) - Kingdom (1377-1463)
    ("zemlje"/counties: Usora / Soli / Donji Kraji / Hum (Herzegovina from 1454) / Podrinje)
  • Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463)
  • Duchy of Herzegovina (1463–1482)
Ottoman era
Habsburgs
  • Habsburg era
    (Bosnian crisis)
Yugoslavia
Contemporary
Republika Srpska)
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina portal
  • v
  • t

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 91, at Google Books By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters
  2. ^ Thomas, Joseph; Baldwin, Thomas (1856). Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or ... p. 1968.
  3. ^ The English Cyclopaedia: Geography By Charles Knight
  4. ^ a b "geonames - Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". www.geonames.de. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  5. ^ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6, p. 698, at Google Books
  6. ^ a b Istorisko društvo Bosne i Hercegovine (1952). Godišnjak. 4. ... босанског ејалета именован је Ферхад-паша Соколовић (1580 — 1588) који је дотле био санџак-бег босански (1574 — 1580). Поред босанског санмака под власт босанског беглербега подвргнуто је још девет санџака који су дотле били у саставу румелиског или будим- ског ејалета. Уз босански санџак који је сада постао централна облает босанског пашалука овоме су ејалету одмах припојени сан- џаци: херцеговачки, вучитрнски, призренски, клишки, крчки и па- крачки, који су тада били издвојени из румелиског ејатета, и зворнички и пожешки, који су били издвсјени избудмскогејалета.Тако се босански беглербеглук, ејалет или пашалук у почетку свога оп- стојања састојао од десет санџака.
  7. ^ Territorial proposals for the settlement of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina, p. 15, at Google Books By
  8. ^ a b Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, p. 84, at Google Books By Mitja Velikonja
  9. ^ Almanach de Gotha: annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique. J. Perthes. 1867. pp. 827–829. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  10. ^ Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, p. 91. (in Turkish)
  11. ^ Starine (in Croatian). Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. 1962. p. 347. Od druge polovice XVI stoljeca Klis kao da gubi vaznost u poredbi s Livnom. Otada pocinje sandzak-beg kliski stanovati u Livnu. Sama gradska posada u Klisu jos je jaka, broji do 400 ratnika.
  12. ^ Muharem Bazdulj (2002-03-01). "Travnik, poligon historije - Nimalo slučajan grad". BH Dani (in Bosnian). Archived from the original on 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  13. ^ "Bosnia and Hercegovina".
  14. ^ Zlatko Lukić. "Boj pod Banjalukom (1737.)" (in Bosnian). Archived from the original on 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  15. ^ Uređenje bosanskog ejaleta od 1789. do 1878., Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 1983, p 35.
  16. ^ Šabanović, H. Bosanski pašaluk, ND BiH, Sarajevo, 1959.

Sources[]

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