Brassicales

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brassicales
LookZonderLook-bloem-hr.jpg
Alliaria petiolata, garlic mustard (Brassicaceae)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Clade: Malvids
Order: Brassicales
Bromhead[1]
Families

The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.[2] One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority).[3]

The order typically contains the following families:[4]

  • Akaniaceae – two species of turnipwood trees, native to Asia and eastern Australia
  • Bataceae – salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia
  • Brassicaceae – mustard and cabbage family; may include the Cleomaceae
  • Capparaceae – caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae
  • Caricaceae – papaya family
  • Cleomaceae[1]
  • Gyrostemonaceae – several genera of small shrubs and trees endemic to temperate parts of Australia
  • Koeberliniaceae – one species of thorn bush native to Mexico and the US Southwest
  • Limnanthaceae – meadowfoam family
  • Moringaceae – thirteen species of trees from Africa and India
  • Pentadiplandraceae – African species whose berries have two highly sweet tasting proteins
  • Resedaceae – mignonette family
  • Salvadoraceae – three genera found from Africa to Java
  • Setchellanthaceae
  • Tiganophytaceae
  • Tovariaceae
  • Tropaeolaceae – nasturtium family

Classification[]

The following diagram shows the phylogeny of the Brassicales families along with their estimated ages, based on a 2018 study of plastid DNA:[5]

Brassicales families
36
 
 

Akaniaceae

 
 

Tropaeolaceae

 
 
 
 92
 64
 

Moringaceae

 
 

Caricaceae

 
 
 
 

Setchellanthaceae

 
 85
 

Limnanthaceae

 
 78
 
 

Salvadoraceae

 
 

Bataceae

 
 
 73
 

Koeberliniaceae

 
 66
 

Emblingiaceae

 
 61
 55
 

Pentadiplandraceae

 
 46
 

Resedaceae

 
 

Gyrostemonaceae

 
 
 
 
 

Tovariaceae

 
 49
 

Capparaceae

 
 43
 

Cleomaceae

 
 

Brassicaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phylogentic relationships based on data from plastid DNA. The numbers next to each branching point indicate its estimated date (million years ago). Families with more than 30 species are in bold.

On 20 April 2020, a newly described monotypic species from Namibia, namely, Tiganophyton karasense Swanepoel, F.Forest & A.E. van Wyk is placed under this order as a monotypic member of new family Tiganophytaceae, which is closely related to Bataceae, Salvadoraceae and Koeberliniaceae.[6]

Historic classifications[]

Under the Cronquist system, the Brassicales were called the Capparales, and included among the "Dilleniidae". The only families included were the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae (treated as separate families), the Tovariaceae, Resedaceae, and Moringaceae. Other taxa now included here were placed in various other orders.

Cleome hassleriana

The families Capparaceae and Brassicaceae are closely related. One group, consisting of Cleome and related genera, was traditionally included in the Capparaceae but doing so results in a paraphyletic Capparaceae.[3] Therefore, this group is generally now either included in the Brassicaceae or as its own family, Cleomaceae.[4][7]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
  3. ^ a b Jocelyn C. Hall, Kenneth J. Sytsma & Hugh H. Iltis (2002). "Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 89 (11): 1826–1842. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.11.1826. PMID 21665611.
  4. ^ a b Elspeth Haston; James E. Richardson; Peter F. Stevens; Mark W. Chase; David J. Harris (2007). "A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families". Taxon. 56 (1): 7–12. doi:10.2307/25065731. JSTOR 25065731.
  5. ^ Edger, Patrick P.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Harkess, Alex; Tang, Michelle; Coombs, Jill; Mohammadin, Setareh; Schranz, M. Eric; Xiong, Zhiyong; Leebens-Mack, James; Meyers, Blake C.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Koch, Marcus A.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.; Pires, J. Chris (2018). "Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 463–69. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1040.
  6. ^ Swanepoel, Wessel; Chase, Mark W.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Maurin, Olivier; Forest, Félix; van Wyk, Abraham E. (2020). "From the frying pan: an unusual dwarf shrub from Namibia turns out to be a new brassicalean family". Phytotaxa. 439 (3): 171–185. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.1.
  7. ^ Jocelyn C. Hall, Hugh H. Iltis & Kenneth J. Sytsma (2004). "Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales, placement of orphan genera Emblingia, Forchhammeria, Tirania, and character evolution" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 654–669. doi:10.1600/0363644041744491. S2CID 86218316. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""