Piperales

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Piperales
Piper aduncum.jpg
Piper aduncum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Bercht. & J.Presl[1]
Families
Synonyms[2]
  • Aristolochiales de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820
  • Asarales Horan. 1847
  • Hydnorales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992
  • Lactoridales Takhtajan ex Reveal 1993
  • Saururales von Martius 1835

Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.[3]

Classification[]

APG system[]

In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[4]

Magnoliids

Canellales

Piperales

Aristolochiaceae

Piperaceae

Saururaceae

Laurales

Magnoliales

The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[4][2]

This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:

  • order Piperales
    family Aristolochiaceae
    family Lactoridaceae
    family Piperaceae
    family Saururaceae

Earlier systems[]

The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

  • order Piperales
    family Chloranthaceae
    family Piperaceae
    family Saururaceae

The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

  • order Piperales
    family Chloranthaceae
    family Lactoridaceae
    family Piperaceae
    family Saururaceae

The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:

  • order Piperales
    family Piperaceae

References[]

  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  2. ^ a b Stevens, P.F. "Piperales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
  3. ^ "Introduction to the Piperales". ucmp.berkeley.edu. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  4. ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
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