Brides of ISIL

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Beginning in 2012, dozens of girls and women traveled to Iraq and Syria to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), becoming brides of ISIL fighters. While some traveled willingly, others were brought to Iraq and Syria as minors by their parents or family.[1][2]

Many of those women subsequently acquired high public profiles, either through their efforts to recruit more volunteers, when they died or because they recanted and wished to return to their home countries. Commentators have noted that it will be hard to differentiate between the women who played an active role in atrocities and those who were stay-at-home housewives.[3]

Women who travelled or attempted to travel to Iraq or Syria to become an ISIL bride
Name Birth
year		 Date of joining Status Home
country		 Notes
2014 Dead (before 2019)  Singapore
  • Travelled from Melbourne, Australia to Syria, with her husband and four children, in 2014.[4][5][6][7]
  • Bacha, her husband Yasin Rizvic, and their eldest son, were killed in Syria.[4][5][6][7]
  • Their three surviving children, aged 6 to 12, and all Australian citizens, were repatriated on June 24, 2019.[4][5][6][7]
Emilie Konig 1984 2012 Held in Roj refugee camp since late 2017[8]  France
  • Was the subject of a 2012 documentary.[9]
  • Claims joining ISIS "wrecked her life"
  • Wants to return to France[8]
Aqsa Mahmood 1994 2013 Dead (before 2019)  United Kingdom
Daniela Greene 1980 2014 Returned to the United States in 2014  United States
  • Greene, a contract linguist with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, had been assigned to communicate with Denis Cuspert, a German ISIL recruiter, as part of a covert investigation of his activities.[13][14][15] During these conversations, Greene fell in love with Cuspert and travelled to occupied Syria to marry him.[14][16] Greene later fled Syria after two months, abandoning her husband and Daesh. Upon return to the United States, she was charged with lying to the FBI, later serving a two-year sentence.
Hoda Muthana 1994 2014 Held in the Al Hawl Camp since 2019  United States
  • Born in America to Yemeni diplomats
  • Started making inflammatory tweets after her first husband was killed in action.[17]
  • Burned her American passport upon arriving in Syria[18]
  • Holds Yemeni citizenship after a US Supreme Court ruled she does not have American citizenship[19]
  • Escaped ISIS with her infant son, surrendered to American troops
1998 2014 Unknown whereabouts, but believed to still be alive  United Kingdom
  • Born to Somali refugees in Denmark, then moved to Manchester, UK
  • Twin sister of , active in recruiting more volunteers after her arrival in Daesh territory.[20]
  • Married an unknown fighter before being widowed[21]
  • Son reportedly killed in fighting at Baghouz
1998 2014 Held in the Roj refugee camp since 2020  United Kingdom
  • Born to Somali refugees in Denmark, then moved to Manchester, UK
  • Twin sister of , active in recruiting more volunteers after her arrival in Daesh territory.[20]
  • Married an unknown fighter before being widowed[22]
  • Has a 5-6 year old son
  • Attempted to escape Al Hol camp in 2020[23]
1983 2013 Died in 2015 from appendix surgery complications  Australia
  • Was able to travel to Daesh territory with her husband, Khaled Sharrouf, even though his passport had been cancelled due to an earlier conviction for terrorism.[20] The couple brought their five children with them. Sharrouf and two of their five children died from the same drone attack in 2017.
2001 2013 Repatriated to Australia in 2019  Australia
  • Brought to Daesh territory by her parents and Khaled Sharrouf at the age of thirteen,[20] at which age she was married to , a jihadi fighter and her father's best friend.[24] On June 24, 2019, it was reported she had been repatriated to Australia, also rescued with her two children, age 2 and 3.[25]
  • Later gave birth in 2019 to a child fathered by her second husband, his fate is unknown[26]
Zehra Duman 1993 2014 Held in al-Hawl camp since 2019  Australia
  • Left Australia to marry Mahmoud Abdullatif, a Melbourne-born ISIS fighter
  • Served as a recruiter following her arrival in Daesh territory.[20]
  • Australian citizenship revoked in 2019, believed to hold Turkish citizenship[27]
  • Has two children, born in Syria in 2016 and 2018
Shams / Umm al Baraa / Bird of Jannah 1988 2014 Unknown, last social media update in 2015  Malaysia
  • Shams was a medical doctor.[20]
  • Married an ISIS fighter called Abu al-Baraa in 2014
  • Gave birth in 2015
  • Published poetry, ran Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr accounts
Kimberly Gwen Polman 1972/3 2015 Held in the Al Hawl Camp since 2019  Canada/ United States
  • Studied legal administration in Canada before leaving for ISIS
  • Was told by the man she went on to marry, Abu Aymen, that her nursing skills were needed in the caliphate.
  • Burned American passport upon entering Syria[28]
  • Describes first trying to defect after being in Daesh for a year, only to be captured, imprisoned, tortured, and raped.[29]
  • Attempted to escape in 2016, but was captured and imprisoned in Raqqa
1990 2013 Held in Roj camp  United Kingdom
  • Married an ISIS fighter, Celso Da Costa[30]
  • "The security services came to speak to me and I was honest, I told them my whole story so now it's up to them to judge."[2]
  • Believed to have Pakistani citizenship[31]
  • Stripped of UK citizenship in early March, 2019.[32][33][34][35]
1992 2013 Held in an unknown refugee camp  United Kingdom
  • Husband killed on an unspecified date[36]
  • Stripped of UK citizenship in early March, 2019.[32][33][34][35]
  • Children believed to have British citizenship
Natalie Bracht 2013 Returned to Germany, before being repatriated to the United Kingdom in 2020  United Kingdom
  • Holds joint British and German citizenship
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Natalie Bracht, and Ruzina Khanam.[34][37]
  • Reportedly has nine children
  • Claims to have never been to Syria[38]
  • Currently lives in a squat near Heathrow, UK. Arrested in 2020 for taking part in an Extinction Rebellion protest[39]
1992 2013 Missing, last confirmed alive in Raqqa in 2019[40]  United Kingdom
  • Joined ISIL to marry Fabio Pocas, who produced and released execution videos
  • Took her one year old daughter, Noor
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Natalie Bracht, and Maylbongwe Sibanda.[34][37]
2013 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Daughter of a Christian nurse
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Ruzina Khanam, and Natalie Bracht.[34][37]
2000 2015 Repatriated to Germany in December 2020  Germany
  • Reported to have wed a jihadi at just 15 years old.[37]
  • Asked her father to be smuggled out after six months, imprisoned twice by ISIL for attempting to escape[41]
  • Has two children by her German ISIL fighter husband
  • Released from pre-trial detention in 2021[42]
Hayat Boumeddiene 1988 2015 Missing since 2015, possibly being held in Al-Hawl refugee camp[43]  France
  • Widow of Amedy Coulibaly
  • May have been killed in Syria, early in 2019.[44]
  • Convicted in absentia of financing terrorism and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment[45]
Shamima Begum 1999 2015 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019[46]  United Kingdom
  • Part of the Bethnal Green trio, a group of schoolgirls who joined ISIL[47][37]
  • Had British citizenship revoked in 2019, barred from re-entering the UK as a "national security risk"[48]
  • Had three children, all deceased[49]
  • Married a Dutch IS fighter upon entering Syria[50]
Amira Abase 2001 2015 Missing, last confirmed alive in Baghuz in 2019  United Kingdom
Kadiza Sultana 2000 2015 Died in an airstrike in Raqqa in 2016[2]  United Kingdom
  • Part of the Bethnal Green trio, a group of schoolgirls who joined ISIL[47][37]
  • Believed to have married an American IS fighter before her death
  • Became disillusioned while living in Raqqa and was attempting to leave[53]
Nassima Begum 1990 2012 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp  United Kingdom
  • Said she had no choice when her husband insisted they move to an Islamic country.[54]
  • Brought her four children with her
Sharmeena Begum 1999 2014 Unknown whereabouts  United Kingdom
  • Followed by the Bethnal Green trio two months after
  • Last confirmed alive two weeks after entering Syria[55]
  • In February 2019 she was described as "missing".[51]
Sally Jones 1968 2013 Killed by a drone strike in 2017[56]  United Kingdom
  • Took one of her two sons (Jojo) to Syria and commonly used him as a human shield
  • Married to Junaid Hussain, a computer hacker working for ISIL[57]
  • Given the nickname "White Widow" following her husband's death in 2015
  • Regularly posted U.S servicemen's personal details on Twitter
  • "Reportedly placed on a special-forces 'kill list' after threatening Queen Elizabeth II".[58]
  • Killed while attempting to escape Raqqa[59]
Fatiha Mejjati 1961 2014 Believed to be hiding in Idlib as of 2020  Morocco
  • Formerly trained by Al-Qaeda[60]
  • Commanded "the Islamic State's Al-Khansaa Brigade, an all-female detachment that polices the group's strictures against wearing makeup or showing bare skin."[61]
  • Escaped Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2020[62]
Linda Wenzel 2001 2016 Captured in Mosul in 2017  Germany
  • Nicknamed the "Belle of Mosul"[63]
  • Joined ISIL at the age of 15, married to a fighter who was later killed
  • Reportedly served as a sniper[64]
  • Believed to have been part of the Al-Khansaa Brigade[65]
"ISIL wife Sanna" 1972 2014–2015 Repatriated to Finland in 2020  Finland
  • A Finnish woman, called "ISIL wife Sanna" (Finnish: Isis-vaimo Sanna) by Finnish media, emigrated from Kotka, Finland, to an ISIL-controlled area in Syria with her Moroccan husband.
  • She had converted to Islam in 2004–2005, and she is accompanied by her four underage children, of whom the eldest, a daughter born in 2005–2006, was married in Syria.
  • During the fall of ISIL in 2019, Sanna was interviewed by CNN near the Iraqi border in eastern Syria. As of 6 March 2019, she was in a refugee camp and wanted to return to Finland.
  • After the interview was published on 6 March 2019, Sanna's story was widely covered by Finnish media, starting a public discussion in Finland on possible return of Finnish citizens who emigrated to the ISIL war zone in Iraq and Syria.
  • With the help of Finnish authorities, she later was returned from the al-Hawl refugee camp to Finland with four children with her. Also a Finnish-Somali woman returned to Finland with two of her children on the same flight.[66]​
  • According to the Finnish Security Intelligence Service, some 80 identified Finnish citizens (of whom, about 20 are women and around 30 are children) have travelled to the area; about 20 of them had died and around 20 had returned by March 2019.[67][68][69] As of December 2020, 6 Finnish women and 21 children of the total of 11 women and about 30 children in the al-Hawl refugee camp have returned to Finland.[66]​
Sabina Selimovic 1999 2014 Killed in unclear circumstances in 2014  Austria
  • Reported to be pregnant, married and living in Raqqa in 2014[70]
  • Reported to have died in 2014[71]
  • Two children sent to live with Selimovic's mother following her death
Samra Kesinovic 1997 2014 Killed after attempting to escape in 2015  Austria
  • Used as a sex slave upon entering Syria[72]
  • Reported to be pregnant, married and living in Raqqa in 2014[70]
  • Reported to have been beaten to death attempting to escape in 2015[73]
2000 2015 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019  Australia
  • Aged 15 when brought to Syria by her parents supposedly to search for her brothers[74]
  • Married to another Australian IS fighter
  • Was pregnant when she made her way to the Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2019.[75]
1995 2014 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019  Australia
  • Brought to Syria by her "much older husband"[76]
  • Claims to have known very little, and stayed in her home
  • Present at Baghouz
  • Was pregnant when she made her way to the Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2019.[75] Later gave birth, and now has two children.
  • Made provocative social media posts.[77]
1996 2015 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2017  Australia
  • Unlike many other Brides, Safar does not want to be repatriated.[78][79]
  • Vowed "never to return" to Australia, as she did not want her son to grow up in a non-Islamic country [80]
  • Has denied that her husband was a senior Daesh official.[citation needed]
  • Her family disputes she professed continued support for Daesh.[81]
Aylam 2015 Believed to have been killed in "a bombing"  Australia
  • Captured after escaping Raqqa, then exchanged and sent back to IS
  • Husband faces death penalty in Baghdad
  • Cousin and travelling companion to .[82]
Lisa Smith 1981 2015 Returned to Ireland in 2019  Ireland
  • Formerly a soldier in the Irish army.[83]
  • Married four times
  • Irish security officials believe she was not an active member of Daesh and was no more than a sympathizer.[84]
  • Returned to Ireland and arrested for being a member of IS, set to go on trial in 2022[85]
1985 2014 Killed in an airstrike in Syria before 2020  Australia
  • Her father says she only travelled to Daesh-occupied Syria to find out what happened to her late husband.[86] Her family claims that once she arrived in Daesh territory, she was forced into marriage with a jihadi fighter.
  • Once married to a jihadi fighter, she made social media posts that seemed to support the Daesh regime.[87]
  • She has criticied Daesh's inability to provide health care, including pre-natal and obstetrics care.[88]
  • Reportedly killed in an airstrike with her children at some point before 2020[89]
1995 Currently on trial in Iraq  Germany
  • Moved to ISIL territory with her husband, and bore three children there.[90]
  • Claims her husband made all their decisions, and did not know where they were living.[90]
  • Attempted to leave after her husband was killed, but could not access money or documentation[91]
  • Currently on trial, and may face the death penalty[92]
2015 Held in an unknown Iraqi prison  United Kingdom
  • Went to Syria with friends to "hunt a husband"[93]
  • Fell pregnant, husband died shortly after
  • Sentenced to life in prison, daughter sent to live with British relatives
Mariam Dabboussy 1992 2015 Held in Al-Roj camp since 2019  Australia
  • Dabboussy says her husband tricked her into traveling to the Turkish-Syrian border with a claim they were going to help one of his relatives escape Syria, only to force her to cross the border, at gunpoint.[94][81]
  • Had three children, forced to remarry twice after her first husband's death[95]
  • Attempted to escape twice, present at the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani[96]
1994 2014 Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2017  Australia
  • Claims she was tricked into Daesh territory by her cousin when she thought she was merely delivering emergency food supplies to the border.[97]
  • Sent to a single woman's house and forced to marry[98]
  • Attempted to escape, but was caught and her husband placed on Iraqi death row[99]
Unknown, held in Al-Hawl refugee camp  Australia
  • Ahmed said refugee women who remain radicalized are murdering other camp occupants they see as apostates.[100]
Unknown whereabouts  Australia
Amandine Le Coz 1990 2014 Repatriated to France by Turkey in 2019  France
  • Grew up in a Paris suburb
  • Joined ISIL with her husband[102]
  • Gave birth to a son in ISIL territory.[103]
1988 2015 Held in Al-Roj refugee camp since 2018  Belgium
  • Hafsa's father, , took her mother, Hafsa, and her four younger siblings to Afghanistan, in 2000.[104] Her mother, , fled, leaving Hafsa and her siblings with her father. Her father agreed to marry her to a member of the Taliban, when she was just 13 years old, and she bore him a child. After the American invasion of Afghanistan, in the fall of 2001, her husband ended up in the Guantanamo detention camp, and Hafsa, her father and her siblings ended up in an Iranian refugee camp. They were deported back to Belgium in February 2002. Hafsa and her siblings were put in the care of Volcke, her mother, while her father was tried and convicted of terrorism charges.
  • Her father was stripped of Belgian citizenship, and deported to Tunisia in 2010.[104] He traveled to the newly established Islamic State, Daesh, where he worked in the tax department. Hafsa joined him, in 2015. She married a jihadi fighter, and bore another child. She says that by 2017 she and her father had grown disillusioned with the brutality and corruption of the Daesh regime. She says they made three escape attempts, and that her father was shot and killed on the third attempt.
  • Hafsa says she is not a threat, and would prefer to be repatriated to Belgium, with her children, even if it meant serving a prison sentence.[104] She was given a five year sentence in Belgium, despite still being in Syria.[105]
1985 2014 Repatriated to the United States in 2018, currently in prison  United States
  • Known as Samantha Sally
  • Claims she was forced to go to Syria by her husband to protect her daughter and son[106]
  • Jailed within ISIS for three months for attempting to escape
  • Later went on to have two more children with her ISIL fighter husband
  • One of 27 Americans repatriated to face charges in the USA.[107] In 2020, she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison.[108]
Suhayra Aden 1995 2014 Repatriated to New Zealand in 2021.  Australia/ New Zealand
  • Aden is a New Zealander and former dual Australian citizen who travelled to Syria in 2014 to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
  • She was later found in Al-Hawl refugee camp, expressing a desire to return to Australia[109]
  • Due to her ties to ISIL, she was stripped of her Australian citizenship in 2020, which created friction in Australia-New Zealand relations. [110]
  • In February 2021, she was detained by Turkish authorities while trying to enter the country with her two children.[111][112][113] The Turkish Government subsequently dropped charges against her and began proceedings to deport her.[114]
  • In late Jul 2021, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government would repatriate Aden and her children on the basis of their New Zealand citizenship.[115] She and her children arrived in New Zealand on mid–August 2021.[116]
1996 2014 Released from prison in 2019  United States
  • Groomed at the age of 19 by ISIS members in Syria, fell in love with a Tunisian fighter
  • Converted to Islam and attempted to board a plane from Denver to Turkey
  • Captured by the FBI, sentenced to five years imprisonment[117]
Jaelyn Delshaun Young 1994 2015 Held in an American federal prison since 2016  United States

Minnesotan was prevented from traveling to Afghanistan.[118]

Statistics[]

ISIL brides per country
Country #[a]
 United Kingdom 15
 Australia 13
 Germany 4
 United States 6
 France 3
 Belgium 1
 Canada 1
 Finland 1
 Ireland 1
 Malaysia 1
 Morocco 1
 Singapore 1
 New Zealand 1
  1. ^ Number of ISIL brides: (dual or multiple citizens are included in the count for each country of citizenship).

References[]

  1. ^ Vikram Dodd and Esther Addley (15 February 2019). "Shamima Begum may have criminalised herself, says senior terrorism officer: Family calls for her return to the UK and considers legal action to stop government blocking it". The Guardian (UK). Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. In 2015, Begum left with two school friends from their home in Bethnal Green to join Isis in Syria. She said this week that she did not regret her decision to go to Syria, but that she was nine months pregnant and wanted to come home to 'live quietly with [her] child'.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c "IS teen's wish to return stirs UK debate over jihadi brides". France 24. London. 15 February 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. The Times newspaper managed to find an unrepentant Begum -- now 19 and about to give birth for the third time after seeing her first two children die -- at a refugee camp in eastern Syria.
  3. ^ Nabih Bulos (18 March 2019). "Were the brides of Islamic State cloistered housewives or participants in atrocities?". . Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019. Investigators looking for clues to the individual actions of each woman, away from social media, will have a difficult time gathering evidence admissible in a court of law.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Benita Kolovos; Rebecca Le May; Rebecca Gredley (24 June 2019). "Orphaned IS children on way to Australia". Newcastle Star. Retrieved 23 May 2020. The others are three children aged six to 12, who are the offspring of ISIS fighter Yasin Rizvic and his wife, Fauzia Khamal Bacha.
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  38. ^ Warburton, Dan (8 August 2020). "Brit 'jihadi bride' and mum-of-nine is back in UK enjoying benefit-funded life". mirror. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
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  40. ^ Gadher, Dipesh. "Mother with girl, 4, tracked down in last redoubt of Isis". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  41. ^ "Islamic State: The women and children no-one wants". BBC News. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  42. ^ tagesschau.de. "IS-Rückkehrerin Messing aus U-Haft entlassen". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  43. ^ "Dead or alive? 'Charlie Hebdo' jihadist widow Hayat Boumeddiene eludes capture". Deccan Herald. 4 September 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  44. ^ Sarah El Deeb (4 March 2019). "Prominent French jihadis killed in IS-held area in Syria". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  45. ^ "Hayat Boumeddiene, widow of one of January 2015 Paris attackers, sentenced to 30 years in prison". France 24. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
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  47. ^ Jump up to: a b c Anthony Loyd (13 February 2019). "Shamima Begum: Bring me home, says Bethnal Green girl who left to join Isis". The Times. Al-Hawl, Syria. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  48. ^ "Shamima Begum cannot return to UK, Supreme Court rules". BBC News. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  49. ^ "Shamima Begum: Britain's treatment of IS bride criticised - as new photos of her in Syrian refugee camp emerge". Sky News. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  50. ^ "Shamima Begum: 'We should live in Holland' says IS husband". BBC News. 3 March 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b Kelly McLaughlin (19 February 2019). "ISIS brides from Canada, the US, and Europe are asking to return home years after fleeing for Syria. Here are their stories". . Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019. Sultana is now believed to be dead, Sharmeena Begum and Abase are missing, Riedijk has turned himself in to authorities, and Shamima Begum is asking to return to London.
  52. ^ Cheeseman, Abbie (16 March 2021). "The Islamic State brides: where are they now?". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  53. ^ Cheeseman, Abbie (16 March 2021). "The Islamic State brides: where are they now?". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  54. ^ Josie Ensor (14 February 2019). "Dispatch: 'I am not one of them', says British woman begging to come home from Syria's 'Camp of Death'". The Telegraph (UK). . Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019. She claimed to have been a housewife, who 'couldn’t even point to Syria on a map' when the family moved here in 2012 - before Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s caliphate was declared two years later.
  55. ^ AZADEH., MOAVENI (2020). GUEST HOUSE FOR YOUNG WIDOWS : among the women of isis. SCRIBE PUBLICATIONS. ISBN 978-1-913348-20-5. OCLC 1127301872.
  56. ^ "British IS recruiter Sally-Anne Jones 'killed by drone'". BBC News. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  57. ^ "UK jihadist Junaid Hussain killed in Syria drone strike, says US". BBC News. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  58. ^ Paul Sperry (13 May 2017). "Meet the American women who are flocking to join ISIS". New York Post. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019. Some of these ISIS brides living in Syria and Iraq have made the terrorist watchlist. Arguably the most dangerous is Sally Jones, 49, a British Muslim convert who goes by the nom de guerre Umm Hussain al-Britani. She is reportedly now on a British special-forces “kill list” after threatening Queen Elizabeth II.
  59. ^ "The most notorious terrorist in Britain has been killed by a drone strike". The Independent. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  60. ^ "Mohamed Abdelouahab Rafiqui: "L'intolérance dans notre société m'inquiète"". www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma (in French). Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  61. ^ "Fatiha Mejjati, l'incarnation de la violence au féminin". Telquel.ma (in French). Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  62. ^ "Swedish police to quiz Black Widow relative as bid to capture ISIS fugitive intensifies". The National. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
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  64. ^ tagesschau.de. "IS-Kämpfer: Auch gefangen noch ein Problem". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  65. ^ Berlin, Bojan Pancevski. "Linda Werzel: German girl, 16, 'was moral enforcer for Isis fighters in Mosul'". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b Rigatelli, Sara (20 December 2020). "Suomen viranomaiset hakivat kaksi al-Holin leirin naista ja kuusi lasta – UM kotiutti ensimmäistä kertaa äitejä" (in Finnish). Yle. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  67. ^ Timonen, Ilkka (6 March 2019). "CNN: Suomalainen Isis-vaimo Sanna haluaa palata kotimaahansa, mutta pelkää joutuvansa Suomessa vankilaan". Satakunnan Kansa (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
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  70. ^ Jump up to: a b Perez, Chris (10 October 2014). "Pregnant Austrian teens in ISIS: We've made a huge mistake". New York Post. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  71. ^ Squires, Nick (15 September 2014). "Austrian teenage girl jihadist 'killed in Syria'". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  72. ^ "The Austrian girl who died trying to escape Isis was 'used as a sex slave'". The Independent. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  73. ^ Winer, Stuart. "Teenage 'poster girl' for Islamic State beaten to death". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  74. ^ Wroe, David (5 April 2019). "The bitter legacy of Islamic State". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  75. ^ Jump up to: a b David Wroe, Josh Dye, Erin Pearson (4 April 2019). "What should Australia do with the children of Islamic State?". Sydney Morning Herald. Al-Hawl refugee camp. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019. Speaking to The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age from al-Hawl camp, 16-year-old Hoda Sharrouf also says she forgives her father and mother, Tara Nettleton, for dragging her to Syria along with her four siblings when she was just 11 years old.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  76. ^ Wroe, David (5 April 2019). "The bitter legacy of Islamic State". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  77. ^ Ben Graham (5 April 2019). "Parents of pregnant Melbourne woman stuck in Syria plead for PM to let her come home". . Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019. Six months’ pregnant, Kirsty Rosse-Emile, 24, used to write about Justin Bieber, AFL scores and the soccer World Cup on her Facebook page before her posts suddenly changed about nine years ago.
  78. ^ Emma Reynolds (2 April 2019). "Camp of the cursed: Inside bleak village home of lost Islamic State brides". . Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  79. ^ Albeck-Ripka, Livia (25 October 2019). "'My Grandchild Is Not a Terrorist'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
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  81. ^ Jump up to: a b Livia Albeck-Ripka (25 October 2019). "'My Grandchild Is Not a Terrorist'". The New York Times. p. A2. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  82. ^ "Father of jihadi bride who fled Sydney to join ISIS claims he pleaded with authorities to stop her | | Express Digest". Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  83. ^ Reynolds, Paul (2 December 2019). "Lisa Smith's period of detention extended by 24 hours". RTE. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  84. ^ Tom Brady (10 March 2019). "Desperate mother Lisa Smith frantically tried to get cash to escape Isil Syria". Irish Independent. Retrieved 8 April 2019. As an Isil bride, officers consider Ms. Smith to be a sympathiser rather than a fighter with Isil and this is expected to be taken into account when she is questioned after her return to Ireland.
  85. ^ "Lisa Smith: Trial of IS accused former soldier set for 2022". BBC News. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  86. ^ "Melbourne mum in Syria is no jihadi: dad". SBS News. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2019. Ms Kassab's father said she went to Syria to find out what happened to her husband.
  87. ^ James Dowling (16 April 2015). "Melbourne grandparents' desperate plea for jihadi bride to bring back kids from Syria". Herald Sun. Retrieved 8 April 2019. Mother Dullel Kassab has bragged online that her four-year-old daughter wants to watch videos of Muslims killing bad people.
  88. ^ Phyllis Chesler (8 April 2015). "ISIS "Jihad Bride" Propaganda Lures Foreign Women". Middle East Forum. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2019. Then, there is the scarcity of medical care. The wife of an ISIS fighter was totally ignored as her blood pooled on the hospital floor during a painful miscarriage. According to Kassab: 'She wasn't offered a chair or a bed and nobody even returned to check on her… The muhajireen (migrants) are also subjected to mistreatment and discrimination by the locals.'
  89. ^ "Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps". www.theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b Smadar Perry (12 January 2019). "ISIS wives: The lost women of war". Ynetnews. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
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  93. ^ "ISIS wives: The lost women of war". Ynetnews. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  94. ^ Livia Albeck-Ripka (24 October 2019). "Does Australia Have to Bring Its Women and Children Home From Syria's Camps?". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2020. While the details of many of the women’s stories are unknown, some have come forward to explain themselves, including Mariam Dabboussy. She says that in late 2015, she was forced by gunpoint over the Turkish border with Syria, after traveling there in what her husband claimed was an attempt to extract a relative who was trying to escape the Islamic State.
  95. ^ "Renewed calls to bring Australians home from refugee camps on 10-year anniversary of Syrian civil war". www.9news.com.au. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  96. ^ Welch, Dylan; Dredge, Suzanne; Selvaratnam, Naomi; Investigations, A. B. C. (30 September 2019). "Australia's unwanted Islamic State brides reveal their identities". ABC News. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  97. ^ Benedict Brook (1 October 2019). "From blushing Aussie bride to IS widow". The Chronicle. Retrieved 22 July 2020. A second Australian woman, Zara Ahmed, said security in the camp was continuing to deteriorate, with a woman’s mutilated body found in the toilets. 'I’m so scared, I don’t know how much longer I can do this for,' she said.
  98. ^ Welch, Dylan; Dredge, Suzanne; Selvaratnam, Naomi; Investigations, A. B. C. (30 September 2019). "Australia's unwanted Islamic State brides reveal their identities". ABC News. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  99. ^ "From blushing Aussie bride to IS widow". Noosa News. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  100. ^ Ben Doherty (15 October 2019). "Australian families trapped in Isis camp in Syria plead with government to rescue them". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2020. A second Australian woman, Zara Ahmed, said security in the camp was continuing to deteriorate, with a woman’s mutilated body found in the toilets. 'I’m so scared, I don’t know how much longer I can do this for,' she said.
  101. ^ Nino Bucci; Suzanne Dredge (19 October 2019). "How 12 Australian family members ended up detained in Syria after the fall of Islamic State". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 23 July 2020. Among these men is notorious Islamic State recruiter Muhammad Zahab, who took the couple's eldest daughter Zahra as a second wife.
  102. ^ "Qui sont les 11 djihadistes français qui doivent rentrer en France en novembre ?". LEFIGARO (in French). Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  103. ^ "Jihadistes : la Turquie va expulser 11 prisonniers français" [Jihadists: Turkey will expel 11 French prisoners]. (in French). 11 November 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2020. Parmi ces mères, Amandine, qu'une équipe de France 2 avait filmée en décembre 2018 dans le camp de Roj, au nord-est de la Syrie. Originaire du Calvados, elle s'est mariée à deux reprises, à chaque fois avec un jihadiste, et est mère d'un enfant. Elle va donc finalement rentrer avec son fils, mais comme les autres rapatriés, elle sera incarcérée sur le champ. En revanche, les enfants seront confiés aux services sociaux.
  104. ^ Jump up to: a b c Pieter Van Maele (31 October 2019). "Belgische Syriëstrijdster radicaliseerde door vader, die 'reisbureau voor jihadisten' runde" [Belgian Syria fighter radicalized by father, who ran 'travel agency for jihadists'] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020.
  105. ^ "Cinq ans de prison pour une Belge partie en Syrie". RTBF Info (in French). 17 December 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  106. ^ Streib, Nick Paton Walsh and Salma Abdelaziz, CNN Video by Christian. "Beaten, tortured, sexually abused: An American ISIS widow looks for a way home". CNN. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  107. ^ "Former Indiana Resident Pleads Guilty to Concealing Terrorism Financing". US Department of Justice. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2020. In November 2014, Elhassani was informed by her husband that he and his brother wanted to travel to Syria to join ISIS, which she knew was a terrorist organization that engaged in terrorist activities.
  108. ^ COLIAS-PETE, Meredith. "Former Elkhart woman accused of supporting ISIS sentenced to 6.5 years". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  109. ^ "No Country Will Take Them: Alleged ISIS Widow With Kids The Latest Of Many In Limbo". NPR.org. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  110. ^ Conversation, Rayner Thwaites for the (11 March 2021). "How Australia stripped alleged Isis fighter of citizenship without evaluating her case | Rayner Thwaites". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
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  114. ^ "Alleged 'Kiwi' Isis terrorist: Suhayra Aden set to be deported from Turkey". The New Zealand Herald. 20 February 2021. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  115. ^ Manch, Thomas (27 July 2021). "Islamic State supporter Suhayra Aden faces a terrorism investigation, but charges are unlikely". Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  116. ^ "'Isis bride' Suhayra Aden arrives in New Zealand; PM Jacinda Ardern says public safety 'an absolute priority'". The New Zealand Herald. 21 August 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  117. ^ "Colorado Teen Who Tried to Join ISIS Gets 4-Year Sentence". Intelligencer. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  118. ^ Amy Forlili (17 February 2018). "Minn. terror case shows challenge of predicting attacks". The Ledger. Minneapolis. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2018. After Tnuza Jamal Hassan was stopped from flying to Afghanistan last September, she allegedly told FBI agents that she wanted to join al-Qaida and marry a fighter, and that she might even wear a suicide belt.

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