British Library Sound Archive

British Library Sound Archive
	The Archive became part of the British Library in 1983.
Country	United Kingdom
Location	96, Euston Road, London, England, NW1 2DB
Collection
Size	6,500,000 recordings
Website	sounds.bl.uk
Map

The British Library Sound Archive (formerly the British Institute of Recorded Sound; also known as the National Sound Archive (NSA)^[1]) in London, England is among the largest collections of recorded sound in the world, including music, spoken word and ambient recordings.

It holds more than six million recordings,^[2] including over a million discs and 200,000 tapes. These include commercial record releases (chiefly from the UK), radio broadcasts (many from the BBC Sound Archive), and privately made recordings.

History[]

Peter Copeland began digitising the collection in the 1990s.

The history of the Sound Archive can be traced back to 1905, when it was first suggested that the British Museum should have a collection of audio recordings of poets and statesmen. The Gramophone Company started donating of audio recordings in 1906 (on the basis that records would wear out), with a number of donations being made up until 1933. These recordings included some by Nellie Melba, Adelina Patti, Caruso and Francesco Tamagno, and others of Lev Tolstoy, Ernest Shackleton, Herbert Beerbohm Tree and Lewis Waller. A number of shellac pressings were also donated in the period 1920–50.^[3]

Conflicting accounts exist regarding the founding of the British Institute of Recorded Sound (BIRS). Sound archivist Patrick Saul claimed he founded the BIRS in 1955, after realizing that material was in danger of being lost as the British Museum did not maintain a comprehensive archive.^[3] His account states that the Institute was located in a property owned by the British Museum in Russell Square (with rent and rates guaranteed by Robert Mayer), and supported by a donation from the Quaker trust in Birmingham.^[3] A public appeal resulted in the donation of thousands of shellac discs, which started off the collection.^[3] However, the 1995 obituary of British Museum music librarian and BIRS director Alexander Hyatt King in The Independent, states that he founded the BIRS seven years earlier in 1948.^[4]

The British Institute of Recorded Sound became part of the British Library, which had been split off from the British Museum, in April 1983.^[3] It was later renamed the British Library Sound Archive. The metal masters originally collected by the British Museum were transferred to the Archive in 1992.^[5]

Collections[]

The specialist collections are:^[6]

Classical music
Drama and literature
Oral history
Moving images
Popular music^[6] and jazz^[7]
Radio recordings^[6]
Spoken language and dialects^[8]
Wildlife and other nature sounds
World and traditional music

Printed materials[]

The Sound Archive holds an extensive reference collection of printed materials relating to recordings. The collection includes books and periodicals from around the world, a wide-ranging collection of discographies, and one of the largest collections of commercial record catalogues dating back to the early 1900s.

Historic playback equipment[]

A reference collection of playback and recording devices, including historic gramophones and record players, that chart the history of sound reproduction equipment. Photographs of some of these may be viewed online.^[9] In addition, the Sound Archive's engineering department maintains a wide selection of working playback tape and disc players for the purposes of digitising its sound collections.

Services[]

The Sound Archive provides a range of services. The Sound Archive's online catalogue of over 1.5 million recordings can be viewed at http://cadensa.bl.uk, and it is updated daily. Recordings may be listened to free of charge in the British Library Reading Rooms. Copies of recordings can be purchased subject to copyright clearance and spectrograms of wildlife sounds can be made to order. The British Library Sounds service provides free online access for UK higher and further education institutions to over 90,000 rare recordings of music, spoken word, and human and natural environments. 65% of these recordings are also freely accessible for public listening online.

Educational services[]

The British Library offers training workshops and events in oral history and wildlife sound recording, as well as audiovisual archiving internships.

Publications[]

Playback, the bulletin of the British Library Sound Archive, was published free of charge from 1992 to 2010. All 44 issues are available online. A range of British Library CDs are available covering nature sounds, world music, historical speeches and recordings of famous poets, playwrights and authors.

References[]

^ Root, Deane L., ed. (2001). "National Sound Archive". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press.‎^{[full citation needed]}
^ "Save our Sounds". British Library. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Day, T. (2001). The National Sound Archive: the first fifty years. pp 41-64 in Aural History: Essays on Recorded Sound (A. Linehan, Ed.). The British Library. ISBN 0-7123-4741-0
^ Hugh Cobbe (23 October 2011). "Obituary: Alexander Hyatt King". The Independent.
^ "British Museum Gramophone recordings". British Library.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "About the British Library Sound Archive". British Library. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
^ "Radio recordings: jazz and popular music". British Library. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
^ "Sound". British Library. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
^ "Playback & recording equipment". British Library. Retrieved 6 April 2015.