British narrow-gauge slate railways

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Narrow-gauge railways were used extensively in the slate industry of Great Britain, especially in Wales. Many quarries had internal tramways, some using many dozens of miles of track. Others had private lines that stretched from the quarry to transhipment points on local railways, rivers, roads or coastal ports.

Wales[]

Name Opened Closed Gauge Location Image Notes
Abereiddi Tramway[1] 1851 1906 3 ft (914 mm) Porthgain PorthgainHarbour.jpg 2 mile long horse-drawn tramway linking St. Bride's Slate Quarry with Porthgain
Aberllefenni quarry tramway 1880s (?) 2002 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Aberllefenni AberllefenniQuarry.jpeg Underground slate mine and short line to the mill. Originally joined to the Corris Railway
[2] 1861 1934 2 ft (610 mm) Moel Tryfan The Moel Tryfan and Alexandra Pits - geograph.org.uk - 252021.jpg Steam locomotive worked quarry feeder tramway connected to the Bryngwyn branch of the Welsh Highland Railway.
Arthog Tramway[3] 1858 1868 2 ft (610 mm) Arthog Incline and horse-worked tramway
[2] 1870 1931 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Talysarn Blaen-y-cae slate quarry - geograph.org.uk - 388509.jpg Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway
Blaen y Cwm quarry[4] 1974 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Internal quarry tramway system, connected to the Rhiwbach Tramway via a short uphaul incline
[2][5] before 1877 1932 2 ft (610 mm) Moel Tryfan Connected to the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways at Bryngwyn
[2][5] before 1873 1915 2 ft (610 mm) Y Fron Connected to the Nantlle Railway
1900s early ? 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Bethesda Short-lived horse-worked tramway built during the 1900-1903 strike at Penrhyn quarry
[2] 1860s 1886 ? Moel Tryfan Isolated quarry with two pits connected by a tunnel.
[6] ? about 1910 2 ft (610 mm) Glandyfi 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km)-long tramway serving a quarry on the south bank of the Afon Dyfi
Carnarvonshire Slate Quarries Railway[7] 1850s 1915 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Nantlle Tramway wagon.jpg Horse-worked feeder tramway from the Tan-yr-allt slate quarry to the Nantlle Railway
[7][8] 1861 1888 2 ft (610 mm) Llanrwst 4 mile long horse-powered tramway serving the Cedryn quarry by Llyn Eigiau;
partly relaid in 1917 as part of the Eigiau Tramway
Chwarel Fedw tramway[7] 1840s (?) 1880s 2 ft (610 mm) Dolwyddelan 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) long tramway connecting Chwarel Fedw across the Lledr Valley to Prince Llewellyn quarry mill.
[2] before 1861 1956 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway. Two steam locomotives survive in preservation.
[2] before 1864 1927 2 ft (610 mm) Steam locomotive worked quarry tramway. Inclines connected to a standard-gauge branch from Tal-y-sarn.
[2] 1867 1937 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Croesor Tramway[7] 1864 1948 (?) 2 ft (610 mm) Porthmadog Bleanycwm Power Station.jpg Horse-powered tramway serving the slate quarries of the Croesor valley
Cwm Ebol Tramway[7] 1868 1906[9] 3 ft (914 mm) later 2 ft (610 mm) Pennal Old quarry (slate^) in Cwm Ebol - geograph.org.uk - 594897.jpg 1½ mile long tramway with two self-acting inclines.
The last Welsh slate quarry connected only to a shipping point instead of a railway.
Cwmorthin Tramway[7] 1864 1939 2 ft (610 mm) Tanygrisiau Old quarry track - geograph.org.uk - 337216.jpg 1.8 mile long tramway connecting the quarries of Cwm Orthin to the Ffestiniog Railway.
Cwt y Bugail quarry[4] 1974 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog The Rhiwbach Tramroad immediately west of Cwt-y-Bugail Quarry - geograph.org.uk - 587275.jpg Internal locomotive-worked quarry tramway system, connected to the Rhiwbach Tramway. It was the last user of the section of the Trmaway about No. 3 incline
Deeside Tramway[7] 1870 by 1947 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) Glyndyfrdwy Approaching the base of the incline - geograph.org.uk - 484966.jpg Horse-powered tramway serving the Moel Fferna slate quarry. Mostly laid with wooden rails sheathed in iron.
Dorothea quarry tramway[2] before 1873 1970 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Remains of slate dressing shed at Dorothea Quarry - geograph.org.uk - 455336.jpg Major Nantlle Vale quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Eigiau Tramway[8] 1863 1888 2 ft (610 mm) probably Llanrwst The Eigiau Tramway - geograph.org.uk - 657857.jpg Tramway connecting the Eigiau mine 6 miles to the shipping point on the River Conwy
1860 about 1900 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Llan Ffestiniog Horse-powered tramway.
? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Fairbourne Blue Lake above Friog - geograph.org.uk - 392897.jpg 1.5 miles (2.4 km)-long tramway connecting the Henddol slate quarry via tramways to the Afon Mawddach[6]
[5] 1864 1950 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Fron Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway and the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways via separate inclines.
[2] 1854 1913 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
[2] 1857 1901 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Fron Quarry connected to the Nantlle Railway.
Gorseddau Tramway/Tremadoc Tramway[7] 1855 1872 3 ft (914 mm) Porthmadog The first 100m of the Gorseddau tramway - geograph.org.uk - 282653.jpg Horse-powered tramway serving the remote slate quarries of the Cwmystradllyn valley.
Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railways 1872 1887 2 ft (610 mm) Porthmadog Railway cutting, Cwm-trwsgl - geograph.org.uk - 1295538.jpg Regauged and extended Gorseddau Tramway.
Hendre-Ddu Tramway[7] 1877 1949 1 ft 10 in (559 mm) Aberangell Former Chapel, Aberangell - geograph.org.uk - 1431290.jpg Network of branch lines serving slate quarries and timber forests west of the Dyfi valley.
[7] 1868 c. 1875 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Valley Horse worked tramway connecting Fron quarry with the Nantlle Railway
Llechwedd quarry[10] 1860s? 1980s? 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Llechwedd Slate Caverns 001.jpg Extensive slate mine, once supported by nearly 100 miles of internal railway.
Commercial railway use has now ceased but a tourist incline railway is operated.
Maenofferen quarry[11] 1860s? 1999 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Maenofferen tramway.jpg The last slate mine in Blaenau Ffestiniog to use an internal quarry tramway and incline
[8] 1863 1901 2 ft (610 mm) Capel Curig A pair of remote quarries served by a short tramway to a wharf for transshipment onto the Capel Curig road.
? ? 2 ft (610 mm) (?) Llanbedr Internal slate quarry tramway.
Nantlle Railway 1828 1963 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Penygroes Nantlle Tramway wagon.jpg Horse-hauled slate tramway serving the quarries of the Nantlle vale.
Oakeley quarry 1814 by ? 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Hijswerktuig in de middelste oakley groeve - Unknown - 20317960 - RCE.jpg One of the largest slate mines in Wales, a major source of the Festiniog Railway's traffic.
[7] 1856 1900s 3 ft (914 mm) Llangollen Three mile long tramway connecting the Clogau quarry with the Llangollen Canal
Padarn Railway 1843 1961 4 ft (1,219 mm) Llanberis Locomotive Velinheli Side Tanks Funnel.jpg Slate hauler serving the Dinorwic quarry which itself had an extensive narrow-gauge rail system.
Pantdreiniog quarry 1903 1911 2 ft (610 mm) Bethesda Quarry set up by striking Penrhyn quarry miners during the historic lock-outs.
2 ft (610 mm) Corwen 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km)_long tramway that passed in a tunnel under the main road and to a siding near Bonwm Halt railway station on the Ruabon–Barmouth line.[6]
Penrhyn Railway 1874 1962 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) Bethesda Charles at Penrhyn Castle (geograph 2157370).jpg Slate hauler serving the Penrhyn Quarry which itself had an extensive narrow-gauge rail system.
[2] 1862 1979 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Internal quarry system feeding the Nantlle Tramway.
Porthgain Railway[1] 1880 slate 1931 3 ft (914 mm) Porthgain Locomotive worked railway connecting the Pen Clegyr and St Bride's quarries to Porthgain harbour.
Built over part of the route of the earlier horse-worked Abereiddi Tramway.
Prince Llewellyn quarry[12] 1820 1934 2 ft (610 mm) Dolwyddelan Internal tramways and inclines within the quarry, and a 0.5 miles (0.80 km)-long tramway across the bottom of the Lleedr valley connecting to Chwarel Fedw.[13]
Ratgoed Tramway 1860s 1950s 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Aberllefenni Cwm Ratgoed - geograph.org.uk - 1011296.jpg Horse and gravity worked light tramway connecting the and Ratgoed quarries with the Corris Railway
Rhiwbach Tramway 1863 1961 2 ft (610 mm) Blaenau Ffestiniog Rhiwbach tramway.jpg Locomotive and incline worked tramway connecting the remote quarries around Cwt y Bugail to the Ffestiniog Railway
[7] 1868 1880s 2 ft (610 mm) Series of inclines and tramways connecting the quarries above Hafod y Llan to the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways
[7] 1858 1900 2 ft (610 mm) Barmouth Self acting incline and mile-long horse-drawn tramway
Upper Corris Tramway[7] 1859 1930 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) Corris Lane at Corris Uchaf - geograph.org.uk - 213932.jpg Horse-drawn tramway connecting the quarries around Corris Uchaf with the Corris Railway at Maespoeth Junction

Rest of Britain[]

  • Underground incline at Honister slate mine

  • Burlington slate quarry

  • Slate loading jetty on Seil

  • Delabole slate quarry

Name Opened Closed Gauge Location Notes
[14] ? By 1954 ? Trossachs, Scotland Tramway serving this successful quarry
? By 1955.[15] ? Ballachulish, Scotland Internal quarry system with well-built inclines.
[14] ? By early 1960s.[16] ? Balvicar, Scotland Quarry on a southern Hebridean Island with hand-worked railway.
Burlington Slate Quarries[17] ? Around 1971 3 ft 2+1⁄4 in (972 mm) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry. The railway was originally horse worked, but later used battery-electric and diesel locomotives. The quarry is still in production.
Delabole Quarry ? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Delabole, Cornwall Extensive narrow-gauge system serving the Delabole quarry. Used steam, and later, internal combustion locomotives.
? By 1911[18] ? Easdale, Scotland Deep pits extending below sea level on this Hebridean island, with a locomotive-worked narrow-gauge railway moving stone from the pits to the harbour. The flooded pits are still a prominent feature of the island, and the locomotive shed still stands.
? ? 2 ft (610 mm) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry.
Honister Slate Mine[19] ? Present 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Elterwater, England Internal quarry system serving this Lake District quarry. Due to the location of the mine at the head of the Honister Pass, the railway featured long inclines as well as locomotive haulage. In 1997 the mine re-opened with a newly built narrow-gauge railway to support the operations.
[14] ? By World War I ? Seil, Scotland Extensive slate quarries on this Hebridean Island, served by a network of hand-worked narrow-gauge railways.
[14] ? Late 1930s ? Luing, Scotland Slate quarry on this Hebridean Island, served by a hand-worked narrow-gauge tramway connecting to a jetty. Remains of the tramway, including track and wagons remained in 1999.
[14] ? ? ? Luing, Scotland Slate quarry on this Hebridean Island, served by a hand-worked narrow-gauge tramway.

References[]

  1. ^ a b Jermy, R. C. (1986). The Railways of Porthgain and Abereiddi. Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-340-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Boyd 1990
  3. ^ Richards 2005
  4. ^ a b Lewis, M. J. T. (2003). Blaen y Cwm and Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarries. Adit Publications. ISBN 0952297930.
  5. ^ a b c Jones, Gwynfor Pierce & Richards, Alun John (2004). Cwm Gwyrfai: the Quarries of the North Wales Narrow Gauge and the Welsh Highland Railways. Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0863818978.
  6. ^ a b c Boyd, James I.C. (1970) [1965]. Narrow Gauge Railways in Mid-Wales. The British Narrow Gauge Railway (2nd ed.). Lingfield, Surrey: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-024-3. OCLC 499283322. No.3.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Richards 2001
  8. ^ a b c Boyd, James I. C. (2001). Narrow Gauge Railways in North Caernarvonshire; Volume Three: The Dinorwic Quarry and Railways, The Great Orme Tramways and Other Rail Systems. Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-328-1.
  9. ^ Quine, Dan (March 2017). "Baguley 774 and the Pennal Tramway". Industrial Railway Record.
  10. ^ "Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways".
  11. ^ Boyd, James I. C. (1988). Narrow Gauge Railways in South Caernarvonshire; Volume One (2nd ed.). Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-365-6.
  12. ^ Richards, Alun John (1999). The Slate Regions of North and Mid Wales and Their Railways. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-552-2.
  13. ^ David Christopher Davies (1887). A Treatise on Slate and Slate Quarrying: Scientific, Practical, and Commercial. C. Lockwood and Company. pp. 43–.
  14. ^ a b c d e Walsh, Joan A (1999). "Methods of evaluating slate and their application to the Scottish slate quarries" (PDF). University of Glasgow.
  15. ^ Custom and Conflict in 'The Land of the Gael': Ballachulish 1900-1910. by Neville Kirk. The Merlin Press Ltd. 2007.
  16. ^ Slate Island Heritage Trust
  17. ^ Nicholson, Peter (1975). Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways in Britain. Barton.
  18. ^ Easdale Island Folk Museum
  19. ^ "Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways – Honister Slate Mine". Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2016-12-31.

Bibliography[]

  • Richards, Alun John (2001). The Slate Railways of Wales (1st. ed.). Llanrwst, Wales: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0-86381-689-4.
  • Boyd, James I.C. (1990) [1972]. Narrow Gauge Railways in North Caernarvonshire, Volume 1: The West. Headington: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-273-5. OCLC 650247345.
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