Brodhead's Coshocton expedition

Coshocton Expedition
Part of American Revolutionary War
Daniel Brodhead, the Continental Army commander of Fort Pitt who led the Coshocton Expedition
Date April 1781 Location Coshocton, Ohio Result American victory
Belligerents
United States Continental Army Pennsylvania Militia US aligned Lenape	Lenape
Commanders and leaders
Daniel Brodhead Gelelemend	Captain Pipe
Strength
150 Continental regulars 134 militia	80
Casualties and losses
Unknown	36 killed, 20 prisoners

Brodhead's Coshocton Expedition was a campaign in April, 1781, by the United States against the Lenape Indians near Coshocton, Ohio. Led by Daniel Brodhead, the Americans massacred the Lenape, as well as burned Coshocton and the then abandoned settlement Lichtenau to the ground.^[1]

Expedition[]

On April 7, Brodhead, 150 regulars, and 134 militiamen headed out along the Ohio River. Fearing the neutral Lenape Turtle Clan of Coshocton would soon be joining the British as the more aggressive Wolf Clan had, they embarked with the initial purpose of securing the Turtle Clan's alliance. However, the ever increasing attacks against settlers made by the Wolf Clan caused many within Brodhead's ranks to seek retribution, and the mission became an active military campaign. Brodhead first reached the main Turtle Clan village of Gekelmukpechunk, now known as Newcomerstown, Ohio. He requested a discussion between the main chiefs of the village and three were sent to meet him. His initial hope was to secure the allegiance of the villagers and enlist new warriors into his campaign. Unfortunately, a militiamen known as Lewis Wetzel attacked and killed one of the peaceful chiefs just as they had crossed the river to meet. Fearing massive losses and an unplanned battle, Brodhead retreated and instead refocused his troops on their initial goal of reaching Coshocton.

On April 20, Brodhead and his men, including some U.S.-aligned Lenape, raided and destroyed the pacifist Moravian Christian Lenape settlement of Indaochaic also known as Lichtenau. Then the troop, aided by Lenape chief Gelelemend, traveled to the nearby village of Goschachgunk, now known as Coshocton, Ohio. He divided his men into three regiments, and laid their village to waste. On the first night 16 warriors were captured, taken south of the village and slaughtered; another 20 were killed in battle and 20 civilians were taken prisoner. Five of those captured were Moravian Christian Lenape who were released.^[1] Colonel Broadhead and Colonel Davis Shepherd did not further attack the Moravian Christian settlements, such as Schoenbrunn, Gnadenhutten and Salem, which housed Christian Indians and missionaries such as John Heckewelder, as Broadhead declared that "these Indians had conducted themselves from the commencement of the war in a manner that did them honour."^[1] Broadhead and his soldiers received food from these Moravian Christian Indian villages.^[1] Feeling his expedition at end and his troops' anger satiated, Brodhead returned to Pennsylvania.

Aftermath[]

In 1782, colonists from Pennsylvania came back to the area. This was a privatized militia, made up of mostly Pennsylvanian settlers who were attempting to avenge attacks on settlers in Western Pennsylvania. After falsely promising protection to the Moravian Christian Lenape and Moravian Christian Mahicans, the Pennsylvania militia attacked the pacifist Moravian Christian settlement of Gnadenhutten in what would become known as the Gnadenhutten massacre, with those who were murdered being recognized as Christian martyrs.^[2] This is also the settlement which housed many of the surviving people from the previously raided and destroyed settlement of Lichtenau.

There is now a historical marker located in the city of Coshocton at 40° 16.554' N, 81° 50.659' W.

References[]

External links[]

• [1] By State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Lyman Copeland Draper, Reuben Gold Thwaites, Milo Milton Quaife
• [2] By HMdb.org, The Historical Marker Database, William Fisher Jr., Keith W.