Brotia

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Brotia
Temporal range: Miocene - recent
Brotia pagodula.jpg
Shell of Brotia pagodula
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Superfamily: Cerithioidea
Family: Pachychilidae
Genus: Brotia
H. Adams, 1866[1]
Type species
Melania pagodula
Gould, 1847
Synonyms
  • Antimelania P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892[2]
  • Brotia (Brotia) H. Adams, 1866
  • Melania (Brotia) Adams, 1866
  • Wanga Chen, 1943

Brotia is a genus of Southeast Asian freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family Pachychilidae.[3]

The generic name Brotia is apparently in honor of a Swiss malacologist Auguste Louis Brot (1821-1896).

Distribution of Brotia

Distribution[]

Species of Brotia occur in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia, ranging from Northern India in the west through to Sumatra in the east. This range includes India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (1 species),[4] Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo only).

Biology[]

Species are found predominantly in fast flowing, well oxygenated rivers, occasionally also in lakes. They are gonochoristic, and viviparous, retaining developing eggs and youngs in special brood pouch.

Species[]

Species within the genus Brotia include:

  • † (F. Sandberger, 1871)
  • Köhler, Holford M., Do & Ho, 2009[5]
  • Brot, 1872 - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia armata (Brandt, 1874)[3]
  • (Nevill, 1885) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia beaumetzi (Brot, 1887) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia binodosa (Blanford, 1903)[3]
  • † (Oppenheim, 1895)
  • (Brot, 1881)
  • (Schepman, 1896) - incertae sedis[3]
  • † (Boussac, 1911)
  • Brotia citrina (Brot, 1868)[3]
  • (Brot, 1874)
  • Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)[3][6]
  • (Brot, 1886) - incertae sedis[3]
  • (Morlet, 1884)[3]
  • Brotia episcopalis (H. Lea & I. Lea, 1851)[3]
  • (Brot, 1875)[3]
  • (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)[3]
  • Brotia herculea (Gould, 1846)[3]
  • Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009[5]
  • (von Martens, 1900)[3]
  • (Brot, 1868)[3]
  • (Blanford, 1869)[3]
  • (Deshayes, 1874)[3]
  • (Preston, 1907)[3]
  • Köhler, 2008
  • † Yü, 1982
  • † (Noulet, 1867)
  • † (Oppenheim, 1901)
  • Brandt, 1968[3]
  • Köhler, 2008
  • Brandt, 1968[3]
  • (Thiele, 1908)[6]
  • Brotia pagodula (Gould, 1847)[3][6] - type species[5]
  • † Gurung, Takayasu & Matsuoka, 1997
  • (Solem, 1966)[3]
  • (Brandt, 1974)[3]
  • (Ehrmann, 1922)
  • Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2002[3]
  • Brandt, 1968[3]
  • (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • (Brot, 1886)[3]
  • (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • (Reeve, 1859) - incertae sedis[3]
  • (Godwin-Austen, 1872) - incertae sedis[3]
  • (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • Brotia sumatrensis (Brot, 1875)[3]
  • (von dem Busch, 1842)[3]
  • Brotia verbecki (Brot, 1886)[3]
  • (Brandt, 1974)[3]
  • Köhler, Du & Yang, 2010[4]
  • (Benson, 1836) - incertae sedis[3]

Synonyms:

  • Brotia asperata (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Jagora asperata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Brotia baccata (Gould, 1847): synonym of (Gray, 1834)
  • Brotia delavayana Heude, 1888 : synonym of (Heude, 1888)
  • † Brotia escheri aquitanica (Noulet, 1846): synonym of † (Noulet, 1846)
  • † Brotia escheri auingeri (Handmann, 1882): synonym of † (Matheron, 1842)
  • Brotia hainanensis (Brot, 1872):[6] synonym of (Brot, 1874)
  • Brotia hamonvillei : synonym of Sulcospira tonkiniana (Morelet, 1886)
  • Brotia infracostata (Mousson, 1848): synonym of (Mousson, 1848)
  • Brotia proteus (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1908): synonym of Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009
  • Brotia swinhoei (H. Adams, 1870): synonym of (H. Adams, 1870)
  • Brotia testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842):[6] synonym of Sulcospira testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842)
  • Brotia tourannensis: synonym of (Souleyet, 1852)
  • Brotia variabilis (Benson, 1836): synonym of Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)

Variability of shells of Brotia (images in the first row are in the same ratio):

Brotia citrina
Brotia episcopalis
Brotia pagodula
Brotia sumatrensis
Brotia verbecki

References[]

  1. ^ Adams H. (1866). "Description of a new genus and a new species of mollusks". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 150-151.
  2. ^ Fischer P. & Crosse H. (1892). "Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale". Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7, 2(13): 117-392.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". Malacologia 48: 159-251.
  4. ^ a b Köhler F., Du L.-N. & Yang J.-X. (2010). "A new species of Brotia from Yunnan, China (Caenogastropoda, Pachychilidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 86(2): 295-300. doi:10.1002/zoos.201000012.
  5. ^ a b c Köhler F., Holford, Do V. T. & Ho T. H. (2009). "Exploring a largely unknown fauna: On the diversity of pachychilid freshwater gastropods in Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)". 29(3): 121-146. abstract.
  6. ^ a b c d e Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2001). "Toward a systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia H. – Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae): an account of species from around the South China Sea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 67(3): 281-318. doi:10.1093/mollus/67.3.281

External links[]

  • Köhler F. & Deein G. (2010). "Hybridisation as potential source of incongruence in the morphological and mitochondrial diversity of a Thai freshwater gastropod (Pachychilidae, Brotia H. Adarns, 1866)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 86(2): 301-314. doi:10.1002/zoos.201000013.
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