Calamus (palm)
Calamus | |
---|---|
Calamus gibbsianus | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Arecales |
Family: | Arecaceae |
Subfamily: | Calamoideae |
Tribe: | Calameae |
Genus: | Calamus L. |
Species | |
Many, see text | |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Calamus is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family Arecaceae that are among several genera known as rattan palms. There are an estimated 400 species in this genus, all native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia.[2][3][4] They are dioecious,[5] mostly leaf-climbing lianas with slender, reedy stems. To aid scrambling some species have evolved hooks on the underside of the midrib, or more commonly by modified "pinnae" or tendrils in the form of stout, backward-pointing spines. These stems may grow to lengths of 200 metres.[6][7]
Species[]
As of April 2021, Plants of the World Online includes:[1]
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- Griff.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- (Rustiami) W.J.Baker
- Blume
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Fernando
- L.X.Guo & A.J.Hend.
- Burret
- Kurz
- Griff.
- Burret
- Griff.
- Becc. – Bamaga wait-a-while[8]
- Becc.
- J.Dransf.
- Blume
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Calamus australis Mart. – lawyer cane, wait-a-while or hairy mary [8]
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- Becc.
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Fernando
- Furtado
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Renuka & Vijayak.
- Zipp. ex Blume
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) Baja-Lapis
- A.J.Hend.
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- T.Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham, Thamm. & J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- Calamus bousigonii Pierre ex Becc.
- W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- (A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung) W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- Becc. ex Ridl.
- Blume
- Mart.
- Griff.
- Calamus calospathus (Ridl.) W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Calamus caryotoides A.Cunn. ex Mart. – fishtail lawyer cane[8]
- Griff.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- Blume
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- Conrard
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Blume
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Calamus compsostachys Burret
- J.Dransf.
- Mart.
- (Blume) W.J.Baker
- (Furtado) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Furtado
- W.J.Baker
- J.Dransf.
- Furtado
- J.Dransf.
- (Blume) Miq.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Fernando
- W.J.Baker, Bayton, J.Dransf. & Maturb.
- G.Mann & H.Wendl.
- Thwaites
- Becc.
- Ridl.
- C.F.Wei
- Warb. ex Becc.
- (Becc.) Ridl.
- Miq.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Lour.
- Mart.
- Burret
- Becc.
- Pierre ex Becc.
- Willd.
- (Ridl.) W.J.Baker
- (J.Dransf.) A.J.Hend. & Floda
- Calamus egregius Burret
- Calamus elegans Becc. ex Ridl.
- (Blume) Miq.
- Willd.
- Calamus erectus Roxb.
- (Becc.) Becc.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend.
- Griff.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- (Blume) Miq.
- Becc.
- Calamus flagellum Griff. ex Walp.
- W.J.Baker
- Griff.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- Becc.
- Griff.
- W.J.Baker
- Calamus gibbsianus Becc.
- (Blume) D.Dietr.
- Calamus godefroyi Becc.
- Becc.
- Miq.
- Roxb.
- Becc.
- Griff.
- J.Dransf.
- Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.
- (Becc. ex K.Heyne) W.J.Baker
- Burret
- Pierre ex Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Kurz
- Becc.
- Zipp. ex Blume
- Blume
- (Blume) Miq.
- Furtado
- Becc.
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend.
- Calamus inermis T.Anderson (synonym Calamus wailong)
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- Griff.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Blume
- Calamus jenkinsianus Griff.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- A.J.Hend. & Hourt
- Becc.
- Renuka & Lakshmana
- Ridl.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Maturb., J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Furtado
- Becc.
- Furtado
- Ridl.
- (Maturb., J.Dransf. & Mogea) W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- Becc.
- (Blume) Miq.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Hook.f. ex Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Renuka
- J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- T.Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham, Thamm. & J.Dransf.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- Calamus latifolius Roxb.
- Becc.
- Ridl.
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- J.Dransf.
- Griff.
- Griff.
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- Griff.
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker
- Griff.
- K.Schum. & Lauterb.
- Griff.
- Ridl.
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Miq.
- Burret
- Becc.
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- J.Dransf.
- J.Dransf.
- Miq.
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Mart.) H.Wendl. – Philippines rattan or alimuran
- (Blume) Mart. ex Walp.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend.
- Mart.
- (Blume) Miq.
- Burret
- Mart.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Schltdl.
- Griff.
- Blume
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Warb. ex Becc.
- A.J.Hend.
- J.Dransf.
- Mart.
- Becc.
- T.Evans & T.P.Anh
- J.Dransf.
- (Rustiami) W.J.Baker
- Blanco
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Griff.
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Furtado
- Becc.
- Becc.
- F.M.Bailey
- Calamus muelleri H.Wendl. – southern lawyer vine[8]
- Burret
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- R.R.Fernandez & Dey
- Calamus nambariensis Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Burret
- J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Verschaff.
- J.Dransf.
- Willd.
- Mart.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Reinw. ex Blume
- Witono & J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung) W.J.Baker
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- T.Evans, Sengdala, Viengkham, Thamm. & J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Blume
- Furtado
- Thwaites ex Trimen
- Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker
- W.J.Baker, Bayton, J.Dransf. & Maturb.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Thwaites
- Furtado
- (Blume) Miq.
- Furtado
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Fernando
- W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- Becc.
- J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- Roxb.
- Becc.
- Furtado
- (Miq.) Miq.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Becc.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- Mart. ex Kunth
- Blume
- Becc.
- Becc. ex H.J.P.Winkl.
- W.J.Baker
- Calamus poilanei Conrard
- (Fernando) W.J.Baker
- Burret
- Becc.
- Rustiami
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Burret
- J.Dransf.
- (Van Valk.) W.J.Baker
- (Furtado) J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- Thwaites
- H.Wendl. & Drude
- Becc.
- (Renuka & Vijayak.) W.J.Baker
- Mart.
- Burret
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Burret
- Griff.
- Blume
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Miq.
- Becc.
- Calamus rotang L.
- Reinw. ex Mart.
- Lour.
- Becc.
- Blume
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- J.Dransf.
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Calamus salicifolius Becc.
- Becc.
- Rustiami
- (Warb. ex Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Blume
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Lour.
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- J.Dransf.
- (Rustiami, J.Dransf. & Fernando) W.J.Baker
- (Rustiami & Zumaidar) W.J.Baker
- J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- (Rustiami) W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Mart. ex Walp.
- J.Dransf.
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Furtado
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- Becc.
- Becc.
- A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban & N.Q.Dung
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- Renuka
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- Miq.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- Burret
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- A.J.Hend. & Rustiami
- Mart. ex Walp.
- A.J.Hend., Moh.Iqbal, Rusydi & Pitopang
- (Rustiami) W.J.Baker
- Furtado
- T.Evans
- Furtado
- Calamus tenuis Roxb.
- Burret
- Calamus tetradactylus Hance
- Becc.
- Hance
- Becc.
- Becc. ex K.Heyne
- Becc.
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Miq.) Miq.
- Furtado
- H.Wendl.
- (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Becc.) W.J.Baker
- (Burret) W.J.Baker
- Blanco
- W.J.Baker
- Renuka
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- Griff.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Calamus viminalis Willd.
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Warb. ex Becc. – Dunk Island lawyer vine, Mission Beach wait-a-while[8]
- Hance
- W.J.Baker & J.Dransf.
- K.Schum. – Iron Range wait-a-while[8]
- J.Dransf.
- Griff.
- J.Dransf. & W.J.Baker
- (Renuka & Vijayak.) W.J.Baker
- San Y.Chen, K.L.Wang & S.J.Pei
- A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung
- Becc.
- Becc.
- Fernando
- Becc.
- Becc.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Calamus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 135, 省藤属 sheng teng sh, Calamus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 1753.
- ^ "Rapidly evolving sex-specific sequences in Calamus travancoricus Bedd. ex. Becc. and Calamus nagbettai R.R.Fernald & Dey". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 2018. doi:10.1007/s11295-017-1220-2. S2CID 3299464.
- ^ Dictionary of Flowering Plants and Ferns - JC Willis (1960)
- ^ Dransfield 1978.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Calamus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
Bibliography[]
- Tomlinson, P. B.; Zimmerman, Martin, eds. (1978). Tropical Trees as Living Systems (Proceedings of the fourth Cabot Symposium held at Harvard Forest, Petersham Massachusetts on April 26-30, 1976). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14247-2.
- Dransfield, John (10 June 2010). Growth forms of rain forest palms. pp. 247–268. ISBN 9780521142472., in Tomlinson & Zimmerman (1978)
External links[]
- Media related to Calamus (Arecaceae) at Wikimedia Commons
- Calamus deerratus in West African plants – A Photo Guide.
Categories:
- Calamus (palm)
- Arecaceae genera
- Dioecious plants