Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891

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Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891
Fort de Fermont and its museum - DE 65 mle 91navy gun used for anti tank.JPG
Fort de Fermont museum - Canon de 65 MLE 1891
TypeNaval gun
Coastal Artillery
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1891-1945
Used byFrance
Bulgaria
China
Greece
Ottoman Empire
Peru
WarsWorld War I
World War II
Production history
DesignerSchneider et Cie
Designed1891
ManufacturerSchneider et Cie
Produced1891
Specifications
Mass540 kg (1,190 lb)
Length3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
Barrel length3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) 50 caliber
Shell Fixed quick-fire 65 x 470R[1]
Shell weight4 kg (8 lb 13 oz)
Caliber65 mm (2.6 in)
BreechVertical sliding-wedge
RecoilHydro-pneumatic
CarriageHigh-Angle/Low-Angle
Traverse360°
Muzzle velocity715 m/s (2,350 ft/s)[2]
Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1902
Service history
In service1902-1945
Production history
DesignerSchneider et Cie
Designed1902
ManufacturerSchneider et Cie
Produced1902
Specifications
Mass594 kg (1,310 lb)
Length3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
Barrel length3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) 50 caliber
ShellFixed quick-fire 65 x 525R
Shell weight4.17 kg (9 lb 3 oz)
Caliber65 mm (2.6 in)
BreechVertical sliding-wedge
RecoilHydro-pneumatic
CarriageHigh-Angle/Low-Angle
Traverse360°
Muzzle velocity870 m/s (2,900 ft/s)[3]

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were a family of widely used naval guns of the French Navy that were also used by the Ottoman Navy during World War I. Guns removed from decommissioned ships also saw use as coastal artillery and as fortress guns in the Maginot Line fortifications during World War II.[4]

Construction[]

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were developed and built by Schneider at the Le Creusot works. The guns were constructed of an A tube, a jacket, a wedge breech block, a locking ring, a trunnion hoop and used fixed quick fire ammunition. The Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 had similar dimensions, but the Modèle 1902 fired a slightly heavier projectile at a higher muzzle velocity. Both models are sometimes referred to as 9 pounders in English publications.[2]

History[]

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were mainly used as anti-torpedo boat defense aboard armored cruisers, destroyers, ironclads, pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers, seaplane carriers and torpedo gunboats.

Armored Cruisers

  • Amiral Charner-class - The tertiary armament of this class of four armored cruisers consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships.[5]
  • Dupuy de Lôme - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships.[6]
  • Edgar Quinet-class - The secondary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of twenty casemated M1902 guns in single mounts amidships.[7]
  • Ernest Renan - The tertiary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of sixteen casemated M1902 guns in single mounts amidships.[8]

Destroyers

  • Arquebuse-class - The primary armament of this class of twenty ships consisted of one M1891 gun.[9]
  • Bisson-class - The secondary armament of this class of six ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts.[10]
  • Bouclier-class - The secondary armament of this class of twelve ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts.[11]
  • Branlebas-class - The primary armament of this class of ten ships consisted of one M1902 gun.[12]
  • Chasseur-class - The primary armament of this class of six ships consisted of six M1902 guns. The destroyer Actée from this class was sold to Peru before completion.[13][14]
  • Claymore-class - The primary armament of this class of thirteen ships consisted of one M1902 gun.[15]
  • Durandal-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun. The Ottoman Navy ordered four destroyers in 1906 which they called the Samsun-class which were nearly identical.[16][17]
  • Enseigne Roux-class - The secondary armament of this class of two ships consisted of four M1902 guns.[18]
  • Framée-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun.[19]
  • Pertuisane-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun.[20]
  • Spahi-class destroyer - The primary armament of this class of seven ships consisted of six M1902 guns.[21]
  • Voltigeur-class - The primary armament of this class of two ships consisted of six M1902 guns.[22]

Ironclads

  • Amiral Duperré - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.[23]
  • Dévastation-class - The quaternary armament of class this ship consisted of two or four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.[24]
  • Hoche - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.[25]
  • Hydra-class - The quaternary armament of this class of three Greek ships consisted of eight casemated M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.[26]
  • Marceau-class - The tertiary armament of this class of three ships consisted of six casemated M1891 guns in single mounts.[27]
  • Redoutable - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of five M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.[28]

Pre-dreadnoughts

Protected Cruisers

  • Alger-class cruiser - The tertiary armament of this class of three protected cruisers consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts.[34]

Seaplane Carriers

  • Foudre - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.[35]

Torpedo Gunboats

  • Nadezhda - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts.[36]

Gallery[]

  • An anti-aircraft mount aboard the French cruiser Amiral Aube.

  • Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and Dimitar Rizov on the ship Nadezhda.

  • A Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 on a HA/LA mount aboard a French gunboat in 1915.

Notes[]

  1. ^ "48-57 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  2. ^ a b Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One : guns, torpedoes, mines and ASW weapons of all nations : an illustrated directory. Seaforth Pub. ISBN 978-1848321007. OCLC 751804655.
  3. ^ Campbell, John (1985). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 13085151.
  4. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "France Miscellaneous 65 mm/50 (2.56") [9-pdr] Guns - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  5. ^ "AMIRAL CHARNER armoured cruisers (1894 - 1896) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  6. ^ "DUPUY DE LÔME armoured cruiser (1895) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  7. ^ "Edgar Quinet armoured cruisers (1911) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  8. ^ "Ernest Renan armoured cruiser (1909) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  9. ^ "ARQUEBUSE destroyers (1903 - 1904) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  10. ^ "Bisson destroyers (1913 - 1914) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  11. ^ "Bouclier destroyers (1911 - 1913) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  12. ^ "Branlebas destroyers (1908 - 1910) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  13. ^ "Chasseur destroyers (1909 - 1911) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  14. ^ "Teniente Rodríguez destroyer (1909/1914) - Peruvian Navy (Peru)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  15. ^ "Claymore destroyers (1906 - 1910) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  16. ^ "DURANDAL destroyers (1899 - 1900) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  17. ^ "Samsun destroyers (1907) - Ottoman / Turkish Navy (Ottoman Empire / Turkey)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  18. ^ "Enseigne Roux destroyers (1916 - 1923) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  19. ^ "FRAMÉE destroyers (1900 - 1901) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  20. ^ "Pertuisane destroyers (1902 - 1903) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  21. ^ "Spahi destroyers (1909 - 1912) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  22. ^ "VOLTIGEUR destroyers (1910) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  23. ^ "AMIRAL DUPERRÉ barbette ship (1883) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  24. ^ "COURBET central battery ships (1882 - 1886) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  25. ^ "HOCHE turret / barbette ship (1890) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  26. ^ "Spetsai coastal defence battleships (1891-1892) - Hellenic Navy (Greece)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  27. ^ "MARCEAU barbette ships (1891 - 1893) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  28. ^ "REDOUTABLE central battery ship (1878) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  29. ^ "BRENNUS turret battleship (1896) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  30. ^ "Charles Martel battleship (1897) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  31. ^ "Carnot battleship (1897) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  32. ^ "JAURÉGUIBERRY battleship (1897) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  33. ^ "Liberté battleships (1908) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  34. ^ "ALGER protected cruisers (1891 - 1893) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  35. ^ "FOUDRE torpedo depot ship (1897) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  36. ^ "NADEZHDA torpedo gunboat (1898)- Bulgarian Navy (Bulgaria)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

References[]

  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1848321007.
  • Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.

External links[]

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