Cape Verdeans

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Cape Verdeans
Total population
c. 500,000–850,000
Cape Verdean ancestry and citizenship worldwide
Regions with significant populations
 Cape Verde 491,875 (2010)[1]
 Portugal68,145–200,000[2]
 Spain10,000 [3]
 United States33,119[4]–102,853[5]
 Netherlands21,218 (2011)[6]
 Argentina15.000 (1995)[7]
 Italy10.000(1999) [8] In contrast, the Caboverde Informatics Project of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth estimated that by 1995 their population already had reached 10,000.[9]
 France8,000 (1999)[10]
 Canada4,000 (1999)[11]
 Germany3,500 (1995)[12]
 Mexico5,000
 Uruguay1,000
 Cuba6,000
 Venezuela1,000
Languages
Cape Verdean Creole, Portuguese
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholicism
Protestantism, Irreligion

Cape Verdeans, also called Cabo Verdeans (Portuguese: cabo-verdiano), are the citizens of Cape Verde, an island nation consisting of an archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde is a sociedade mestiça (mestiça society; as described in Portuguese), which means that it is home to mixed-race people, whose ethnogenesis is in Cape Verde, which has no indigenous population.

Racial groups[]

1950 census
Racial group % of population
Mulattos[13] 69.6 69.6
 
Blacks (West African)[14] 24.4 24.4
 
White[13] 8.0 8
 
Other or unknown[14] 0.0

The Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited when the Portuguese landed there in 1456. Slaves and Arabs from adjacent West Africa were brought to the islands to work on Portuguese plantations. As a result, many Cape Verdeans, are of mixed ethnicity (mestiços in Portuguese). European ancestors also include Italian, and French. The last time Cape Verde counted racial origin was in the 1950 census.

Italians seamen who were granted land by the Portuguese Empire, followed by Portuguese settlers, exiles, and Portuguese Jews (lançados) who were victims of the Inquisition. Many foreigners from other parts of the world settled in Cape Verde as their permanent country. Most of them were Dutch, French, British, Spanish, English, Arab and Jewish (from Lebanon and Morocco).

A genetic study revealed that the ancestry of the population in Cape Verde is predominantly European in the male line and African in the female line.[15] Most people from Cape Verde are mixed race.

Diaspora[]

Main article: Cape Verdean diaspora

Prior to independence in 1975, many thousands of people emigrated from drought-stricken Portuguese Cape Verde, formerly an overseas province of Portugal. Because these people arrived using their Portuguese passports, they were registered as Portuguese immigrants by the authorities. Today, more Cape Verdeans live abroad than in Cape Verde itself, with significant emigrant[16] Cape Verdean communities in Brazil and in the United States (102,000 of Cape Verdeans descent in the U.S., with a major concentration on the New England coast from Providence, Rhode Island, to New Bedford, Massachusetts).

In 2008, Portugal’s National Statistics Institute estimated that there were 68,145 Cape Verdeans who legally resided in Portugal. This made up "15.7% of all foreign nationals living legally in the country."[2]

Languages[]

Cape Verde's official language is Portuguese. It is the language of instruction and government.

Cape Verdean Creole is used colloquially, and is the mother tongue of virtually all Cape Verdeans. Cape Verdean Creole or Kriolu is a dialect continuum of a Portuguese-based, that came from Guiné Bissau creole. There is a substantial body of literature in Creole, especially in the Santiago Creole and the São Vicente Creole. Creole has been gaining prestige since the nation's independence from Portugal.

Religion[]

Main article: Religion in Cape Verde
A church in Santiago, Cape Verde

Religion in Cape Verde (2010)[17]

  Catholic Church (78.7%)
  Other Christian (10.4%)
  Other or Non Religious (10.9%)

More than 93% of the population of Cape Verde is nominally Roman Catholic, according to an informal poll taken by local churches.[18] About 5% of the population is Protestant.[19] The largest Protestant denomination is the Church of the Nazarene.[18]

Other religious groups include the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), the Assemblies of God, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, the New Apostolic Church, and various other Pentecostal and evangelical groups.[18] There are also small Baháʼí communities and a small Muslim community.[18] The number of atheists is estimated at less than 1 percent of the population.[18]

Culture[]

Main article: Culture of Cape Verde

The culture of Cape Verde reflects its mixed West African and Portuguese roots. It is well known for its diverse forms of music such as Morna, and a wide variety of dances: the soft dance Morna, the Funaná, the extreme sensuality of coladeira, and the Batuque dance. These are reflective of the diverse origins of Cape Verde's residents. The term "Criolo", or also "Kriolu"[20] is used to refer to residents as well as the culture of Cape Verde.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Estado da população cabo-verdiana". Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2015-01-12.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b A Semana. "Cape Verdeans make up 15.7% of all foreigners in Portugal." Retrieved January 20, 2008. Archived February 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates Archived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2013.[dead link]
  5. ^ "American FactFinder - Results 2011". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  6. ^ CBS 2010
  7. ^ University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth. "1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates." Retrieved on October 18, 2007. Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ OECD 2004
  9. ^ Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates, Caboverde Informatics Project, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, archived from the original on 2009-08-29, retrieved 2009-08-26
  10. ^ Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates, Caboverde Informatics Project, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, archived from the original on 2009-08-29, retrieved 2009-08-26
  11. ^ Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates, Caboverde Informatics Project, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, archived from the original on 2009-08-29, retrieved 2009-08-26
  12. ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population EstimatesArchived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Fractionalization in Portuguese colonial territories in 1950, according to the Portuguese Yearbook, 1950, vol. II. Racial composition of total population (Page: 6)
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b Fractionalization in Portuguese colonial territories in 1950, according to the Portuguese Yearbook, 1950, vol. II. Racial composition of total population
  15. ^ "Actualidade". Asemana.sapo.cv. Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
  16. ^ Jorgen Carling, 2004, p.113-132
  17. ^ (CABO VERDE). Retrieved 06-10-2012.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Cape Verde. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ^ Susanne Lipps: Kapverdische Inseln, p.47. Ostfilern 2009.
  20. ^ Hurley-Glowa, Susan (2015). "Cape Verdeans in the Atlantic: the formation of Kriolu music and dance styles on ship and in port". African Music. 10 (1): 7–30. doi:10.21504/amj.v10i1.1224. Retrieved 23 March 2017.


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