Carditidae

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Carditidae
PZSL1852PlateMollusca17 clean.png
Shells of several Carditidae species
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta
Order: Carditida
Superfamily: Carditoidea
Family: Carditidae
Férussac, 1822
Subfamilies

See text

Carditidae is a family of marine bivalve clams of the order Carditida, which was long included in the Venerida. They are the type taxon of the superfamily Carditoidea.

Carditidae is a neglected and poorly classified family.[1][2] It has six subfamilies recognised by the World Register of Marine Species, but the WoRMS has refrained from assigning contents to any family due to ambiguity and overlap in their definitions.[3][2] Additionally, several genera have been or are still considered subgenera of other genera by some authors.

Genera[]

The genera of Carditidae recognised by the World Register of Marine Species as of April 2019 are:

  • La Perna, Brunetti & Della Bella, 2018
  • Chavan, 1951
  • Iredale, 1924
  • Röding, 1798
  • Anton, 1838
  • Cardita Bruguière, 1792
  • Carditamera
  • Iredale, 1936
  • Cardites Link, 1807
  • Centrocardita Sacco, 1899
  • † Cossmann, 1904
  • †Claibornicardia Stenzel & Krause, 1957
  • de Gregorio, 1885
  • Cyclocardia
  • Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811
  • Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930
  • † Cossmann, 1885
  • Cotton, 1931
  • Sacco, 1899
  • Sacco, 1899
  • Dall, 1881
  • † Chavan, 1936
  • Dall, 1903
  • † Chavan, 1941
  • Pleuromeris
  • Huber, 2010
  • Pteromeris
  • Maxwell, 1969
  • Olsson, 1961
  • H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857
  • † Cox, 1946
  • †Venericardia
  • † Stewart, 1930
  • Iredale, 1925

Synonyms:

  • Arcturella Chavan, 1941 is a junior synonym of Arcturellina. It is not to be confused with Arcturella Sars, 1879, which is a junior synonym of the isopod genus .
  • Azarella is a junior synonym of Beguina.
  • Agaria, Cardiocardites [sic] and Divergidens are junior synonyms of Cardiocardita.
  • Actinobolus Mörch, 1853 is a junior synonym of Cardites. It is not to be confused with the rhinoceros beetle genus Westwood, 1842.
  • Ceropsis Dall, 1871 is a junior synonym of Milneria. It should not be confused with the true weevil genus .
  • Miodon Carpenter, 1863 is a junior synonym of Miodontiscus. It should not be confused with Miodon Duméril, 1859, which is a junior synonym of the mole viper genus Polemon.

Notes:

  • In some classifications, Bathycardita is a subgenus of Cardiocardita.[4]
  • In some classifications, Centrocardita is a subgenus of Glans.[5]
  • In some classifications, Claibornicardia is a subgenus of either Glyptoactis or Venericardia.[6]
  • In some classifications, Vimentum is a subgenus of Cyclocardia.[7]
  • In some classifications prior to the 2000s, was included in Carditidae,[8] but it has since been moved to Condylocardiidae,[9] along with its former junior synonym/subgenus (now independent genus) .[10]
  • Increasingly in several 2010s classifications, the subgenus Venericardia (†Baluchicardia) Rutsch and Schenck 1943[11] is considered an independent genus.[12][13][14]

Subfamilies[]

Chavan, 1969[]

The original six-subfamily system was first proposed by Chavan in 1969, contain the following genera (some of which are now synonyms or classified in other families):[12]

Carditamerinae Chavan, 1969

Carditesinae Chavan, 1969

Carditinae Férussac, 1822

Miodomeridinae Chavan, 1969

Thecaliinae Dall, 1903

Venericardiinae Chavan, 1969

Perez, 2019[]

In 2019, D. E. Pérez proposed a seven-subfamily system for Carditidae.[15]

Carditamerinae

Carditinae

Miodomeridinae

Palaeocarditinae Chavan, 1969

  • *
  • *

Scalaricarditinae Pérez, 2019

  • *

Thecaliinae

Venericardiinae

* = not yet recognised by the World Register of Marine Species.

In addition, Pérez proposed possible affiliations for the genera not included in his subfamilies:[15]

  • Carditidae: ?
  • Carditinae: ?
  • Cyclocardida: , Crassicardia,
  • Eucarditidae: ? (some species)
  • Miodomeridinae:
  • Scalaricarditinae: , ?, (could be Cyclocardida)
  • Stem-Carditidae: ?, ?, ? (could be Permophoridae), ? (could be Cardiidae)
  • Stem-Eucarditidae or Stem-Carditida: Izumicardia
  • Venericardiini: , ,
  • Venericardiinae: Cycloglans, , ?, ?
  • Uncertain: ,

In some classifications prior to the 2000s, Carditidae used to contain a seventh subfamily Carditellinae, until it was reallocated to Condylocardiidae.[8]

References[]

  1. ^ Pérez, Damián Eduardo (2019-01-15). "Phylogenetic relationships of the family Carditidae (Bivalvia: Archiheterodonta)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 0 (16): 1139–1175. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1532463. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 92392950.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Perna, Rafael La; Brunetti, Mauro M.; Bella, Giano Della (2018-02-13). "Systematic position of two Pliocene carditids with description of Akardita n. gen. and A. iberica n. sp. (Bivalvia: Carditidae)". Zootaxa. 4379 (2): 223. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4379.2.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 29689985.
  3. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carditidae Férussac, 1822". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  4. ^ "Fossilworks: Cardiocardita (Bathycardita)". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  5. ^ "Fossilworks: Glans (Centrocardita)". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  6. ^ "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  7. ^ "PBDB". www.paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Bernard, F. R.; Cai, Ying-Ya; Morton, Brian (1993-06-01). A Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China. Hong Kong University Press. p. 12. ISBN 9789622093249.
  9. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carditella E. A. Smith, 1881". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  10. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Carditellona Iredale, 1936". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  11. ^ "PBDB". www.paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Pérez, Damián Eduardo (2019-01-15). "Phylogenetic relationships of the family Carditidae (Bivalvia: Archiheterodonta)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 0 (16): 1139–1175. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1532463. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 92392950.
  13. ^ Lockwood, Rowan; McClure, Kate J. (May 2015). "Relationships among Venericardia (Bivalvia: Carditidae) on the U.S. Coastal Plain during the Paleogene". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (3): 2. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.23. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 4483535.
  14. ^ Pérez, Damián E.; del Río, Claudia J. (November 2017). "The family Carditidae (Bivalvia) in the early Danian of Patagonia (Argentina)". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (6): 1148–1165. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.69. ISSN 0022-3360.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Pérez, Damián Eduardo (2019-01-15). "Phylogenetic relationships of the family Carditidae (Bivalvia: Archiheterodonta)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 0 (16): 1139–1175. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1532463. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 92392950.
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