Carlo Marochetti
Carlo Marochetti | |
---|---|
Born | Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti 14 January 1805 Turin, Italy |
Died | 29 December 1867 Passy, France | (aged 62)
Nationality | Italian / French |
Education | École des Beaux-Arts, Paris |
Known for | Sculpture, Public monuments |
Baron Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti RA (14 January 1805 – 29 December 1867) was an Italian-born French sculptor who worked in France, Italy and Britain. He completed many public sculptures, often in a neo-classical style, plus reliefs, memorials and large equestrian monuments in bronze and marble. In 1848, Marochetti settled in England, where he received commissions from Queen Victoria. Marochetti received great recognition during his lifetime, being made a baron in Italy and was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.
Biography[]
Early life[]
Carlo Marochetti was born in Turin, where his father, Vincenzo, a former priest, was a local government official and professor of eloquence at Turin University, but after the family moved to Paris, Carlo was brought up as a French citizen.[1] He studied at the Lycée Napoléon and then studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where his teachers were François Joseph Bosio and Antoine-Jean Gros.[2][3][4] At the Paris Salon in 1827 he exhibited a marble statue of A Young Girl playing with a Dog which won a silver medal.[5] Between 1822 and 1830 Marochetti frequently spent long periods in Rome where his mother was resident and where he collaborated with François-Joseph Duret and Antoine Étex and worked briefly at the studio of the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.[1][2]
Early career[]
From 1832 to 1848 Marochetti lived in Paris and largely adopted a neo-classical Romantic style of sculpture. He married Camille de Maussion in 1835 and together they would have two sons and a daughter.[1] In Paris, Marochetti received two significant commissions. One was for a relief panel of the Battle of Jemappes on the Arc de Triomphe and the other for a large marble statue group, the Elevation of Mary Magdalene for the altar of the Church of La Madeleine.[6] He delayed completing the altar group to create a monumental equestrian statue of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy which he donated to the city of Turin.[6][4] The king of Sardinia, Charles Albert rewarded Marochetti for his gift by making him a baron of the kingdom of Italy.[6][4] Before being sent to Italy the Philibert statue was displayed in the courtyard of the Louvre Palace during 1838. This effectively established Marochetti's reputation for creating equestrian monuments and led to him being commissioned to create such a statue of Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans, which stood in the courtyard of the Louvre for four years.[6] In 1839 the French government awarded him the Legion of Honour.[5] During 1840 Marochetti was competing to win both the commission for a monument to the Duke of Wellington for the city of Glasgow and for the commission to design the tomb of Napoleon for Les Invalides in Paris.[1] Although he won the Glasgow commission, Marochetti's proposal for the tomb attracted wide-spread public criticism in France and was rejected.[1]
When his father died, Marochetti inherited the family chateau at Vaux-sur-Seine outside of Paris and served as mayor of the town there from 1846.[6] After the fall of the July Monarchy in 1848, and his subsequent failure to win a seat in the National Assembly, Marochetti followed the French king Louis-Philippe into exile in the United Kingdom.[2][1]
Career in London[]
Marochetti spent the greater part of his time from 1848 until his death in London.[7] He lived on Onslow Square, and maintained a large studio and his own foundry in the adjacent Sydney Mews.[2][8] In his studio, Marochetti created an equestrian statue, in plaster, of Richard Coeur de Lion which was displayed at the Great Exhibition during 1851.[6] A public campaign led to a bronze copy being made which was eventually, in 1860, erected in front of the Palace of Westminster on the orders of Prince Albert.[6]
From his studio and foundry Marochetti, and his workforce, produced numerous statues, memorials and equestrian monuments plus smaller pieces. He also experimented with the use of new materials and the creation of multi-coloured, or polychromic, sculptures.[4] Between 1853 and 1855 Marochetti created three life-size statues, plus busts and garden ornaments, for the Kingston Lacy country mansion in Dorset.[9] His equestrian statues included those of Viscount Combermere in Chester and Sir Mark Cubbon in Bangalore and for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in Glasgow. Monuments featuring mourning seraphim by Marochetti include one in St. Paul's Cathedral for Lord Melbourne, the Scutari obelisk in Turkey and the Cawnpore memorial in India.[1] From 1864 Marochetti collaborated with Sir Edwin Landseer on the four bronze lions to be placed at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, and cast them at his Sydney Mews foundry.[8] He experimented in using coloured marble following the work of John Gibson and a coloured statuette of Queen Victoria was exhibited at a London studio but is now lost.[1]
Not all of Marochetti's designs were so successful. His proposed design for the tomb of the Duke of Wellington was rejected.[1] Marochetti's equestrian monument to George Washington for the 1855 New York Exhibition was destroyed by fire.[10] In the 1860s he championed a scheme for a set of statues celebrating British engineers to be erected in the churchyard of St Margaret's, Westminster. The scheme was rejected but three of the statues, of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Robert Stephenson and Joseph Locke were erected separately elsewhere.[1] His monumental statue of Robert Peel in Parliament Square was melted down and the metal used for the smaller model of Peel by Matthew Noble which replaced it.[1][11]
Marochetti had first met Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1849 and subsequently received a number of royal commissions.[1] He designed Queen Victoria's memorial to Princess Elizabeth and a bust of Prince Albert at Newport Minster on the Isle of Wight.[12] He also created the marble recumbent effigies for the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore in Windsor Great Park.[4] He was commissioned to make the seated figure of Albert for the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens.[13] However the first version was rejected by the architect of the monument, Sir George Gilbert Scott, and Marochetti died before a satisfactory second version could be completed.[13][14] He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy 1861 and a full academician in 1866.[2]
Marochetti died, suddenly, at Passy in Paris and was buried at the Vaux-sur-Seine cemetery.[6]
Selected public works[]
1830-1839[]
Image | Title / subject | Location and coordinates |
Date | Type | Material | Dimensions | Designation | Wikidata | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Tommaso grave | Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris | Pillar | Stone | |||||
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Grave of Vincenzo Bellini | Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris | Obelisk with reliefs | Stone | Architect: Guillaume-Abel Blouet[6] | ||||
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Battle of Jemappes | East facade of the Arc de Triomphe, Paris | 1834 | Relief panel | Stone | 18m x 3.5m | [1] | ||
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Marochetti tomb | Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris | 1838 | Tomb | Stone | ||||
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Statue of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy | Piazza San Carlo, Turin | 1838 | Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels | Bronze and stone | Q3663864 | [1] |
1840-1849[]
Image | Title / subject | Location and coordinates |
Date | Type | Material | Dimensions | Designation | Wikidata | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne | Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany | c.1840 | Statue on pedestal with relief panels | Bronze and stone | [6] | |||
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Mary Magdalen Exalted by Angels | La Madeleine, Paris | c.1842 | Sculpture group and altar | Marble | [1] | |||
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Claude Louis Berthollet | Jardins de I'Europe, Annecy | 1843 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and stone | Q56716583 | |||
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Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow | 1844 | Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels | Bronze and granite | Category A | Q7981506 | [15] | |
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Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans | Eu, Seine-Maritime, France | 1845 | Equestrian statue on pedestal | Bronze and stone |
1850-1859[]
Image | Title / subject | Location and coordinates |
Date | Type | Material | Dimensions | Designation | Wikidata | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Queen Victoria | George Square, Glasgow | 1854 | Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panels | Bronze and granite | Category A | Q17567473 | First equestrian statue of a woman in Britain.[16] | |
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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | Woodhouse Moor, Leeds | 1854, erected 1858 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Grade II | Q26656015 | [13][17] | |
Sir John Bankes | Kingston Lacy, Dorset | 1853-55 | Bust | Bronze | One of two busts, plus a life size statue, of Bankes which Marochetti created for Kingston Lacey[9] | ||||
King Charles I | Kingston Lacy, Dorset | 1853-55 | Statue on stand | Bronze | [9] | ||||
Mary Bankes 1598-1661 | Kingston Lacy, Dorset | 1853-55 | Statue on stand | Bronze | [9] | ||||
James Oswald | George Square, Glasgow | 1855 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Category B | Q17792900 | [18] | ||
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Statue of Richard Coeur de Lion | Palace of Westminster, London | 1856 | Equestrian statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Grade II | Q7324819 | [13][19][11] | |
Arthur Wellesley Torrens | St Paul's Cathedral, London | Relief plaque | Marble | Attributed to Marochetti |
1860 and later[]
Image | Title / subject | Location and coordinates |
Date | Type | Material | Dimensions | Designation | Wikidata | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Clive of India | The Square, Shrewsbury | c. 1860 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Grade II | Q26546539 | [13][20] | |
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Charles Albert of Sardinia | Piazza Carlo Alberto, Turin | 1861 | Equestrian statue on pedestal with statues at base | Bronze and stone | Q21141719 | |||
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Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea | Victoria Park, Salisbury | 1863 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and stone | Grade II | Q26536005 | [13][21] | |
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George Cornewall Lewis | St Peter's Square, Hereford | c. 1864 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Grade II | Q47472418 | [13][22] | |
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Statue of Viscount Combermere | Grosvenor Road, Chester | 1865 | Equestrian statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | 7.1m tall | Grade II* | Q15978984 | [13][23] |
Albert, Prince Consort | Union Terrace, Aberdeen | 1865 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Category B | Q17770085 | [24] | ||
Albert, Prince Consort | George Square, Glasgow | 1866 | Equestrian statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | Category A | Q17567468 | [25] | ||
Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | The Wellington Monument, Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire | 1866 | Statue on column | Bronze | Grade II | Q26384539 | [13][26] | ||
Statue of Mark Cubbon | Cubbon Park, Bangalore | 1866 | Equestrian statue on pedestal | Bronze and stone | Q97183425 | [27] | |||
Joseph Locke | Locke Park, Barnsley | 1866 | Statue on pedestal with balustrade | Bronze, granite and Portland stone | Grade II | Q26443938 | [13][28] | ||
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Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde | Waterloo Place, London | 1867 | Statue on piller with statues at base | Bronze and red granite | Grade II | Q27083599 | [11][29] | |
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Statue of Robert Stephenson | Euston station, London | Erected 1870 | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and granite | 2.7m tall | Grade II | Q27084501 | [13][11][30] |
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Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel | Victoria Embankment, London | c.1877 | Statue on pedestal with surrounding screen | Bronze and Portland stone | 2.5m tall | Grade II | Q20829598 | Pedestal by Richard Norman Shaw.[11][31] |
More images |
Jonas Webb | High Street, Babraham, Cambridgeshire | Late 19th century | Statue on pedestal | Bronze and stone | Grade II | Q26616046 | [32] |
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ward-Jackson, P. (2008). "Marochetti, (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista, Baron Marochetti in the nobility of Sardinia (1805–1867), sculptor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18085. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Baron (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 747. .
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837-1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Marochetti, Charles or Carlo (Baron) or Marocchetti". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00117054. ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Cust, Lionel Henry (1893). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 36. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
- ^ Jump up to: a b F. H. W. Sheppard (General Editor) (1983). "The Smith's Charity Estate: Charles James Freake and Onslow Square Gardens". Survey of London: volume 41: Brompton. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Mary Chisholm (18 December 2020). "Kingston Lacey: A Civil War Heroine, The Philae Obelisk & Tortoises". Exploring Building History. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "George Washington model ca.1851 - ca.1853 (made)". Victoria & Albert Museum. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e John Blackwood (1989). London's Immortels. The Complete Outdoor Commemorative Statues. Savoy Press. ISBN 0951429604.
- ^ William Page (ed.) (1912). "A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5. Parishes: Newport". Victoria County History of Hampshire. British History Online. pp. 253–265. Retrieved 3 May 2017.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Jo Darke (1991). The Monument Guide to England and Wales. Macdonald Illustrated. ISBN 0-356-17609-6.
- ^ "Albert Memorial: The memorial". British History Online. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Queen Street Duke of Wellington Statue (Category A Listed Building) (LB32823)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, Queen Victoria Statue (Category A Listed Building) (LB32702)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Duke of Wellington on south-east corner of Woodhouse Moor (1375204)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, James Oswald Statue (Category B Listed Building) (LB32699)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Richard I (1225624)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Lord Clive (1254926)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Sidney Herbert (1243322)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Sir George Cornewall Lewis (1196885)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Equestrian Statue of Stapleton Cotton Viscount Combermere (1197697)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Albert, Prince, Statue, Union Terrace (Category B Listed Building) (LB20001)". Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, Prince Albert Statue (Category A Listed Building) (LB32701)". Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Wellington Monument (1092251)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Case of controversial statue comes to an end". Bangalore Mirror. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Joseph Locke and enclosure (1151159)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Sir Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde (1273744)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Robert Stephenson in Euston Station forecourt (1342041)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of I K Brunel (1357346)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Jonas Webb opposite Chalk Farmhouse (1331112)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carlo Marochetti. |
- 47 artworks by or after Carlo Marochetti at the Art UK site
- Historical Images of the marble tomb of the Prince Consort which was built by Marochetti on behalf of Queen Victoria
- Carlo Marochetti in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
- 1805 births
- 1867 deaths
- 19th-century French sculptors
- 19th-century male artists
- Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
- Artists from Paris
- Artists from Turin
- Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
- Italian expatriates in France
- Italian expatriates in the United Kingdom
- Italian male sculptors
- Lycée Henri-IV alumni
- Pupils of Antoine-Jean Gros
- Royal Academicians