Central Dauphin School District

Central Dauphin School District
Central Dauphin School District is shown in pink
Address
600 Rutherford Road Harrisburg , Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, 17109 United States
District information
Type	Public
Grades	K-12
Closed	Fishing Creek Valley ES (2003), Alternative Ed School (1998)
Superintendent	Dr. Norman Miller(2019–2024)[1]
School board	9 locally elected members
Budget	$191.8 million (2017–18), $174 million (2015–16)[2] $191.8 million (2017–18), $168 million (2014–15)[3] $162.5 million 2013–2014[4] $155.6 million (2012–13)[5] $152 million (2011–12)[6] $154 million (2010–11)[7]
Students and staff
Students	11,615 Pupils (in buildings-2017-18)[8][9] 10,946 pupils (2013),[10] 10,701 pupils in 2009–2010,[11] 11,095 pupils (2006–2007)
Faculty	910 CDEA Staff 2018 (including nurses & psychologists)
Staff	472 Staff Members 2018 (includes support staff, buildings & grounds, security, non-supervisory Act 93)
Other information
Per pupils Spending	$12,801.92 (2010)
Projected enrollment (2020)	12,000[12]
Website	cdschools.org

The Central Dauphin School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in suburban Harrisburg, Pennsylvania serving students in central and eastern Dauphin County. It is the largest school district in the county, the largest in the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area and is the 9th largest school district in Pennsylvania. The district serves the Boroughs of: Dauphin, Paxtang and Penbrook as well as Lower Paxton Township, Middle Paxton Township, Swatara Township and West Hanover Township. It was created in 1954, combining four smaller districts.^[13] The Central Dauphin School District encompasses approximately 118 square miles (310 km²). According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 83,750. By 2010, the district's population increased to 90,442 people.^[14] The educational attainment levels for the Central Dauphin School District population (25 years old and over) were 91.8% high school graduates and 30.4% college graduates.^[15]

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 39.3% of the district's pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012.^[16] In 2009, Central Dauphin School District residents' per capita income was $23,896, while the median family income was $56,338.^[17] In Dauphin County, the median household income was $52,371.^[18] By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100.^[19]

In 2010–2011, Central Dauphin School District reported employing 835 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.^[20] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 49 teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. Additionally, 5 teachers have emergency certification.^[21]

For the 2011–2012 school year, Central Dauphin School District provided basic educational services to 10,684 pupils. The district employed 878 teachers, 359 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 63 administrators during the 2011–12 school year. The district received $33 million in state funding in the 2011–12 school year. For the school year 2007–2008, Central Dauphin School District provided basic educational services to 10,818 pupils. The district employed: 802 teachers, 260 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 81 administrators.^[22] Total enrollment as of 2005–06 was 11,750 students.

High school students may choose to attend for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Capital Area Intermediate Unit IU15 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

Central Dauphin School District contracts Krise Transportation to operate its main transportation system & Boyo Transportation and Sweger Bus Lines for special services. The prior contractor was Durham School Services. At one point in the early 2000's the district had its own fleet and employees before deciding to contract out its transportation services.

Governance[]

Central Dauphin School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.^[23] The district is divided into 3 electoral regions, with three board members elected from each region. The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act (renamed Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in December 2015) which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills.^[24] The school board is required by state law to post a financial report on the district in its website by March of each school year.^[25]

The superintendent and business manager are appointed by the school board. The superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The business manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the school board. The school board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the superintendent regarding renewal of the employment contract. These contracts must be in writing and are subject to public disclosure under the state's Right to Know Act.

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "B-" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.^[26] Pursuant to Act 141 of 2012 which amended the Pennsylvania School Code, all school districts that have hired superintendents on/after the fall of 2012 are required to develop objective performance standards and post them on the district's website.^[27]

Central Dauphin School District is served by the Capital Area Intermediate Unit 15 which offers a variety of services, including a completely developed K-12 curriculum that is mapped and aligned with the Pennsylvania Academic Standards (available online), shared services, a group purchasing program and a wide variety of special education and special needs services. High school students may choose to attend for training in the construction and mechinal trades.

School board members

Current members of the school board and the years their terms expire:

Ford Thompson, president (2023) Justin Warren, vice president (2021) Lauren Silvers, assistant secretary (2023) Linda Dallago (2021) Eric Epstein (2021)

Ryan Gonder (2023) William Roberts, Jr. (2021) Beth Sviben (2023) Jeanne Webster (2021)

Schools[]

Central Dauphin School District operates two high schools (9th-12th), four middle schools (6th-8th), and 13 elementary schools (grades K-5th).

Central Dauphin High School Central Dauphin East High School Central Dauphin Middle School Central Dauphin East Middle School Linglestown Middle School Swatara Middle School Chambers Hill Elementary School E.H. Phillips Elementary School Lawnton Elementary School

Linglestown Elementary School Middle Paxton Elementary School Mountain View Elementary School Northside Elementary School Paxtang Elementary School

Paxtonia Elementary School Rutherford Elementary School Southside Elementary School Tri-Community Elementary School West Hanover Elementary School

Academic achievement[]

In 2015, Central Dauphin School District ranked 335th out of 496 Pennsylvania public school districts, by the Pittsburgh Business Times.^[28] The ranking is based on the last 3 years of student academic achievement as demonstrated by PSSAs results in: reading, writing, math and science and the three Keystone Exams (literature, Algebra 1, Biology I) in high school.^[29] Three school districts were excluded because they do not operate high schools (Saint Clair Area School District, Midland Borough School District, Duquesne City School District). The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th. Adapted PSSA examinations are given to children in the special education programs. Writing exams were given to children in 5th and 8th grades.

In October 2015, Pennsylvania Auditor General Eugene DePasquale reported that four schools in the district are among the 561 academically challenged schools that have been overlooked by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The schools are: Rutherford Elementary School, Chamber Hill Elementary School, Swatara Middle School and Central Dauphin East Senior High School.^[36][37] DiPasquale also reported that the Pennsylvania Department of Education failed to take any action to remediate the poorly performing schools to raise student academic achievement or to provide them with targeted professional assistance.^[38]

Overachievers Ranking

In 2013, the Pittsburgh Business Times also reported an Overachievers Ranking for 498 Pennsylvania school districts. Central Dauphin ranked 437th. The paper describes the ranking as: "a ranking answers the question - which school districts do better than expectations based upon economics? This rank takes the Honor Roll rank and adds the percentage of students in the district eligible for free and reduced-price lunch into the formula. A district finishing high on this rank is smashing expectations, and any district above the median point is exceeding expectations."^[39]

• 2012 - 436th
• 2011 - 428th
• 2010 - 421st ^[40]
• 2009 - 319th

Central Dauphin School District students academic achievement falls in the 39th percentile in Pennsylvania public school districts in 2009. Scale - (0-99; 100 is state best).^[41]

District AYP status history[]

In 2012, Central Dauphin School District declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status, with 9 of its schools failing to reach AYP in reading and/or mathematics.^[42]

• 2011 - achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status. In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of Pennsylvania public school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.^[43] *2009 and 2010 - achieved AYP status^[44]

Central Dauphin East High School[]

Central Dauphin East High School is located at 626 Rutherford Road, Harrisburg. In 2015, enrollment was reported as 1,357 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 56% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 17% of pupils received special education services, while 2.2% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[45] The school employed 112 teachers.^[46] Per the PA Department of Education, 1% of the teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2014, enrollment was reported as 1,364 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 52% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 16% of pupils received special education services, while 2.9% of pupils were identified as gifted. The school employed 112 teachers.^[47] Per the PA Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2010, Central Dauphin East High School had 1,511 students enrolled in grades 9th through 12th, with 633 students qualified for a federal free or reduced-price lunch. The school employed 118 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 12:1.^[48]

2015 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin East High School achieved 63.4 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. The PDE reported that just 47% of the High School's students were on grade level in reading/literature. In Algebra 1, 47.6% of students showed on grade level skills at the end of the course. In Biology I, 32% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[49] Statewide, 53% of schools with an eleventh grade achieved an academic score of 70 or better. Five percent of the 2,033 schools with 11th grade were scored at 90 and above; 20 percent were scored between 80 and 89; 28 percent between 70 and 79; 25 percent between 60 and 69 and 22 percent below 60. The Keystone Exam results showed: 73 percent of students statewide scored at grade-level in English, 64 percent in Algebra I and 59 percent in biology.^[50][51]

2014 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin East High School achieved 59.4 out of 100. Reflected on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature just 54.9% of students were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 48% of students demonstrated on grade level math skills. In Biology, 34.7% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[52][53] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,134 of 2,947 Pennsylvania public schools (72 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher.^[54] Fifty-three percent of schools statewide received lower SPP scores compared with last year's, while 46 percent improved. A handful were unchanged.^[55][56] Compared with last year, the percentage of schools that earned below 60 declined by nearly 1 percent per Secretary of Education Carolyn Dumaresq. She reported that this is an indication that student achievement is improving as school resources are being used better.^[57]

2013 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin East High School achieved 68.4 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 70.99% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 54.27% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 31.42% showed on grade level science understanding.^[58] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher.

AYP History

In 2012, Central Dauphin East High School declined to Corrective Action II 6th Year due to persistent, low student achievement. The school achieved 2 out of 10 academic metrics.^[59] In 2011, the high school declined to Corrective Action II 5th Year status due to chronic, low student achievement scores. The school was in Corrective Action II 4th Year due to chronically low academic achievement in 2010.^[60] In accordance with No Child Left Behind, the school was required to notify parents of the low student achievement and to offer the opportunity to transfer to a successful school in the district. The school was in Corrective Action II 3rd Year in 2009. In 2009, the school developed an extensive School Improvement Plan. According to that plan, a student advisory committee was established in the 2009-2010 school year so that students would be able to communicate directly with district and school administrators. CDEHS reported having a school-wide Principal, as well as, 4 Assistant Principals (one for each grade level) and a Dean of Students for discipline.^[61]

Graduation rate

• 2015 - 87.38%^[62]
• 2014 - 85.98%^[63]
• 2013 - 87.46%^[64]
• 2012 - 87%.
• 2011 - 91%.^[65] In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate.^[66]

Central Dauphin East High School - According to traditional graduation rate calculations

• 2010 - 89% ^[67]
• 2009 - 92% ^[68]
• 2008 - 91%
• 2006 - 92% ^[69]

PSSA Results

Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered from 2003 through 2012, in all Pennsylvania public high schools. The exams were administered in the Spring of each school year. The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014. The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam included content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies. The mathematics exam included: algebra I, algebra II, geometry and trigonometry. The standards were first published in 1998 and are mandated by the Pennsylvania State Board of Education.^[70] In 2013, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania changed its high school assessments to the Keystone Exams in Algebra 1, Reading/literature and Biology1. The exams are given at the end of the course, rather than all in the spring of the student's 11th grade.

11th Grade Reading:

• 2012 - 51% on grade level, (28% below basic). State - 67% of 11th graders are on grade level.^[71]
• 2011 - 59.7% (24% below basic). State - 69.1% ^[72]

11th Grade Math:

• 2012 - 42% on grade level (37% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders are on grade level.
• 2011 - 42.6% (34.7% below basic). State - 60.3%

11th Grade Science:

• 2012 - 32% on grade level (27% below basic). State - 42% of 11th graders were on grade level.
• 2011 - 23% (28% below basic). State - 40%

See Central Dauphin East High School's own wiki page for much more information.

Central Dauphin Senior High School[]

Central Dauphin High School is located at 437 Piketown Road, Harrisburg. In 2015, enrollment declined to 1,672 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 20% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 10% of pupils received special education services, while % of pupils were identified as gifted.^[73] Per the PA Department of Education, 3% of the teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2014, enrollment was reported as 1,708 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 20.9% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 9% of pupils received special education services, while 7% of pupils were identified as gifted. The school employed 128 teachers.^[47] Per the PA Department of Education, 3% of the teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

2015 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin High School achieved 69.9 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. The PDE reported that 75.9% of the high school's students were on grade level in reading/literature. In Algebra 1, 79% of students showed on grade level skills at the end of the course. In Biology I, 62% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[74]

2014 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin High School achieved 81.8 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 84% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 81.6% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 52% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.^[75]

2013 School Performance profile

Central Dauphin High School achieved 83.5 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 80.75% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 75% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 55.67% showed on grade level science understanding.^[76] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher. Pennsylvania 11th grade students no longer take the PSSAs. Instead, they now take the Keystone Exams at the end of the associated course.

AYP History

Central Dauphin Senior High School declined again to Warning AYP status due to missing 5 out of 10 academic metrics in 2012.^[77] The school was in Made AYP status in 2010 and 2011.^[78] The school was in Warning AYP status in 2009.

Graduation rate:

PSSA Results:

11th Grade Reading:

• 2012 - 76% on grade level, (9% below basic). State - 67% of 11th graders are on grade level.
• 2011 - 73% (11% below basic). State - 69.1%

11th Grade Math:

• 2012 - 68%, on grade level (18% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders are on grade level.
• 2011 - 74% (11% below basic). State - 60.3%

11th Grade Science:

• 2012 - 47% on grade level (12% below basic). State - 42% of 11th graders were on grade level.
• 2011 - 47% (11% below basic). State - 40%

See Central Dauphin High School's own wiki page for much more information.

College remediation[]

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 37% of Central Dauphin School District graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.^[84] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.^[85] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

Dual enrollment[]

The high schools offer a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.^[86] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.^[87] The Pennsylvania College Credit Transfer System reported in 2009, that students saved nearly $35.4 million by having their transferred credits count towards a degree under the new system.^[88] For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $15,027 for the program. Students who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the district's program by Pennsylvania law.

Graduation requirements[]

The Central Dauphin School Board has determined that a high school student must earn 24 credits in order to graduate, including: English 4 credits, Social Studies 3 credits, Mathematics 4 credits, Science 3 credits, Physical Education 2 credits, Health 0.5 credit, Arts and Humanities 1 credit, Graduation project 0.5 credit and 6 elective credits.^[89]

By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students were required to complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.^[90] At Central Dauphin graduation projects require a portfolio which includes: research, an activity log, a reflection paper, and a final presentation of the project. The project may focus on career options, service options or academic options which are all described in the graduation project manual for students. Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania State Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.^[91]

By Pennsylvania State School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2018, public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the respective Keystone Exams for each course.^[92] The exam is given at the end of the course. Keystone Exams replace the PSSAs for 11th grade.^[93]

Students have several opportunities to pass the exam. Schools are mandated to provide targeted assistance to help the student be successful. Those who do not pass after several attempts can perform a project in order to graduate.^[94][95] For the class of 2019, a Composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam will be added to the graduation requirements.^[96] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 38% on grade level, Biology 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.^[97] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their IEP.

Middle schools[]

Central Dauphin East Middle School[]

Central Dauphin East Middle School is located at 628 Rutherford Road, Harrisburg. In 2015, enrollment was 653 pupils, in grades 6 through 8th, with 63% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 14% of pupils received special education services, while 2% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[98] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 99% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[99]

In 2014, enrollment declined to 651 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 65% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 13.5% of pupils received special education services, while 1.8% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[100] In 2013, the school's enrollment was 667 pupils, with 60% receiving a free or reduced-price lunch and breakfast due to family poverty.^[101] According to a report for the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated Highly Qualified in 2013.

In 2010, Central Dauphin East Middle School had 613 students enrolled in grades 6th through 8th with 312 receiving a federal free and reduced-price lunch. The school employed 59 teachers, yielding a 10:1 student–teacher ratio.^[102]

2015 School Performance Profile

The PDE reported that 49% of 8th grade students at Central Dauphin East Middle School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, 17% of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 41% of the school's 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 50% were on grade level in reading, while 11% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 50% were on grade level in reading and 22% were on grade level in mathematics.^[103] Statewide 58% of eighth (8th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 29% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 7th graders were 58% on grade level in reading and 33% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Among sixth (6th) graders, 60.7% were reading on grade level, while 39.7% demonstrated on grade level math skills.^[104]

2014 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin East Middle School achieved 71.6 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 62% were on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 59.7% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, 39% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 69% of the 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[105]

2013 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin East Middle School achieved 78.8 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, 58% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 57% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 44.6% of the 8th graders demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 72.7% of the 8th grade students were on grade level.^[106]

AYP History

In 2012, Central Dauphin East Middle School declined into School Improvement I AYP status by achieving 5 of 15 academic metrics.^[107] In 2011, the school was in Warning status due to missing 4 of 14 academic metrics. In 2010, the school achieved AYP status.^[108]

PSSA Results

8th Grade Science:

• 2012 - 42% on grade level (33% below basic). State – 59% of 8th graders were on grade level.
• 2011 - 46% (31% below basic). State – 58%
• 2010 - 43%, State - 57%
• 2009 - 34%, State - 55%
• 2008 - 38%, State - 50%

Central Dauphin Middle School[]

Central Dauphin Middle School is located at 4600 Locust Lane, Harrisburg, PA 17109. In 2015, enrollment was 726 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 21.7% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 14% of pupils received special education services, while 6.8% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[114] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[115]

In 2014, enrollment was 711 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 23.7% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 13.6% of pupils received special education services, while 6% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[116] In 2013, the school's enrollment was 709 pupils, with 25% of pupils receiving a free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. According to a report from the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated as highly qualified. In 2010, the school had 721 students enrolled in grades 6th through 8th, with 111 students receiving a federal free and reduced-price lunch. The school employed 58 teachers, yielding a 12:1 student–teacher ratio.^[117]

2015 School Performance Profile

The PDE reported that 71% of 8th grade students at Central Dauphin Middle School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, 38% of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 70% of the school's 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 74% were on grade level in reading, while 42% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 75% were on grade level in reading and 59% were on grade level in mathematics.^[103]

2014 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin Middle School achieved 87 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 79.8% were on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 82% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, 73% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 90% of the 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[118]

2013 School Performance Profile

Central Dauphin Middle School achieved 79.3 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, 77% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 83% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 69% of the 8th graders demonstrated n grade level understanding. In writing, 75.8% of the 8th grade students were on grade level.^[119]

AYP History

In 2012, Central Dauphin Middle School achieved AYP status.^[120] In 2011, Central Dauphin Middle School declined to Warning AYP status. In 2010, the school achieved AYP status.^[121]

PSSA Results

8th Grade Science:

• 2012 - 67% on grade level (13% below basic). State – 59% of 8th graders were on grade level.
• 2011 - 61% (17% below basic). State – 58.3%
• 2010 - 64%, State - 57%
• 2009 - 69%, State - 55%
• 2008 - 63%, State - 50%

Linglestown Middle School[]

Linglestown Middle School is located at 1200 North Mountain Road, Harrisburg. In 2015, enrollment was 701 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 28.6% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 13% of pupils received special education services, while % of pupils were identified as gifted.^[127] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[128]

In 2014, enrollment was 663 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 26% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 12% of pupils received special education services, while 9.8% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[129] In 2013, the school's enrollment was 684 pupils, with 26.7% receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty.^[130] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 95% of the teachers were highly qualified under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. In 2010, the school had 656 students enrolled in grades 6th through 8th, with 136 students receiving a federal free and reduced-price lunch. The school employed 51 teachers, yielding a 12:1 student–teacher ratio.^[131]

2015 School Performance Profile

The PDE reported that 64% of 8th grade students at Linglestown Middle School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, 26% of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 68% of the school's 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 59% were on grade level in reading, while 33% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 69% were on grade level in reading and 52% were on grade level in mathematics.^[103]

2014 School Performance Profile

Linglestown Middle School achieved 74.3 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 77% were on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 80.7% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, 63% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 74% of the 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[132]

2013 School Performance Profile

Linglestown Middle School achieved 77 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, 77% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 79.9% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 65.9% of the 8th graders demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 71% of the 8th grade students were on grade level.^[133]

AYP History

In 2012, Linglestown Middle School achieved AYP status.^[134] In 2011, Linglestown Middle School declined to Warning AYP status. In 2010, the school achieved AYP status.^[135]

PSSA Results

8th Grade Science:

• 2012 - 69% on grade level (13% below basic). State – 59% of 8th graders were on grade level.
• 2011 - 58% (22% below basic). State – 58.3%
• 2010 - 63%, State - 57.2%
• 2009 - 62%, State - 55%
• 2008 - 64%, State - 50%

Swatara Middle School[]

Swatara Middle School is located at 1101 Highland Street, Steelton. In 2015, enrollment was 565 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 63% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, .814% of pupils received special education services, while 2.8% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[141] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 91% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.^[142]

In 2014, enrollment was 566 pupils, in grades 6th through 8th, with 60% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 14% of pupils received special education services, while 2.6% of pupils were identified as gifted.^[143] In 2013, the school's enrollment increased to 537 pupils, with 56% of pupils receiving a free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty.^[144] According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education report, 97% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. In 2010, Swatara Middle School had 499 students enrolled in grades 6th through 8th, with 299 students receiving a federal free and reduced-price lunch. Swatara Middle School employed 49 teachers, yielding a 10:1 student–teacher ratio.^[145]

2015 School Performance Profile

The PDE reported that 45% of 8th grade students at Swatara Middle School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, 16% of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 43% of the school's 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 43% were on grade level in reading, while 27% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 46% were on grade level in reading and 32% were on grade level in mathematics.^[103]

2014 School Performance Profile

Swatara Middle School achieved 67.5 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 55.7% were on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 61.9% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, 40% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 67% of the 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[146]

2013 School Performance Profile

Swatara Middle School achieved 63.6 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, 57% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 63% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 46.7% of the 8th graders demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 57% of the 8th grade students were on grade level.^[147]

AYP History

In 2012, Swatara Middle School declined again to Corrective Action Level II AYP status due to missing 9 of 14 academic metrics.^[148] Due to the poor achievement the school qualifies for Federal School Improvement funding which the administration must apply for to the PDE.

• 2011 - declined to Corrective Action I status due to continuing low student achievement in reading and math.^[149]
• 2010 - Making Progress: in School Improvement II status.
• 2009 - declined to School Improvement II level due to chronically low student achievement. The school administration was required, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, to develop a four-year School Improvement Plan to address low student achievement and to submit the plan for approval. They were also mandated by No Child Left Behind to allow students to transfer to a successful school in the district.^[150]

PSSA Results

8th Grade Science

• 2012 - 38% on grade level (40% below basic). State – 59%
• 2011 - 30% (45% below basic). State – 58.3%
• 2010 - 41%, State - 57%
• 2009 - 44%, State - 55%
• 2008 - 37%, State - 50%^[154]

Elementary schools[]

Each year, in the Spring, the 3rd graders take the PSSAs in math and reading. The fourth grade is tested in reading, math and science. The fifth grade is evaluated in reading, mathematics and writing. Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered beginning 2003 to all Pennsylvania public school students in grades 3rd-8th.^[156] The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014.^{[157][158][159]} The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam is given to 4th grades and includes content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies.^[160]

Chambers Hill Elementary School[]

Chambers Hill Elementary School is located at 6450 Chambers Hill Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 222 pupils with 40% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[161]

In 2010, Chambers Hill Elementary School had 189 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 42 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 14 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 13:1.^[162]

2014 School Performance Profile

Chambers Hill Elementary School achieved a score of 69.8 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 67% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 70.8% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 75.7% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 71% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 57% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[163]

2013 School Performance Profile

Chambers Hill Elementary School achieved a score of 73.6 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 72% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 78.79% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 74.26% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 86.8% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 63% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[164]

AYP History

From 2003 through 2012, Chambers Hill Elementary School achieved AYP status each school year, under No Child Left Behind.^[165]

PSSA results

In 2012, 72% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were Reading on grade level. In Mathematics, 75% of the tested students showed on grade level skills. Ninety percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[166]

In 2011, 66% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In math, 79% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty one percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science. The students were below statewide achievement levels, in both Reading and Mathematics in every grade except 5th grade math.^[167]

Lawnton Elementary School[]

Lawnton Elementary School is located at 4400 Franklin Street, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 231 pupils with 53.6% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[168] In 2014, enrollment is 226 children K-5th.

In 2010, Lawnton Elementary School had 228 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 70 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 19 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12:1.^[169]

2014 School Performance Profile

Lawnton Elementary School achieved a score of 80.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 67% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 73% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 73.6% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 80% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 75% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[170]

2013 School Performance Profile

Lawnton Elementary School achieved a score of 76.4 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 65% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 67% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 70% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 63% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 64% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[171]

AYP History

From 2003 through 2012, Lawnton Elementary School achieved AYP status each school year.^[172]

PSSA results

In 2012, just 74% of the students in grades third through 5th were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 80% of the students in grades third through 5th were on grade level. In fourth grade, 90% of the pupils were on grade level in science.^[173]

In 2011, 75% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 85% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty two percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[174] In 2010, Lawnton Elementary School Principal developed an extensive School Improvement Plan to address lagging student achievement in Reading.^[175]

Linglestown Elementary School[]

Linglestown Elementary School is located at 1044 N Mountain Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 381 pupils with 26% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[176]

In 2010, Linglestown Elementary School had 382 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 58 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 27 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 14:1.^[177]

2014 School Performance Profile

Linglestown Elementary School achieved a score of 83.5 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 78.7% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 77.9% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 82.7% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 82.6% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 82.5% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[178]

2013 School Performance Profile

Linglestown Elementary School achieved a score of 86.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 74% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 78% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 84.8% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 81% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 90% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[179]

AYP History

In 2012, Linglestown Elementary School declined to Warning AYP status.^[180] From 2003 through 2011, Linglestown Elementary School achieved AYP status each school year.^[181]

PSSA results

In 2012, 77% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 90% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty-eight percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[182]

In 2011, 86% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 93% of the tested students were on grade level. Ninety three percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[183]

Middle Paxton Elementary School[]

Middle Paxton Elementary School is located at 931 Peters Mountain Road, Dauphin. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 317 pupils with 24% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[184]

In 2010, Middle Paxton Elementary School had 298 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 46 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 20 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 15:1.^[185]

2014 School Performance Profile

Middle Paxton Elementary School achieved a score of 91.4 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, 80% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 86% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 82.9% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 98% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 85.7% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level writing skills.^[186]

2013 School Performance Profile

Middle Paxton Elementary School achieved a score of 89 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, 79% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 85% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 87% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 94% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 76% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[187]

AYP History

From 2003 through 2012, Middle Paxton Elementary School achieved AYP status each school year.^[188]

PSSA results

In 2012, 79% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 86% of the tested students were on grade level. In science - 94% of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[189]

In 2011, 75% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 90% of the tested students were on grade level. Science - 93% of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[190]

Mountain View Elementary School[]

Mountain View Elementary School is located at 400 Gibbel Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 363 pupils, with 21.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[191]

In 2010, Mountain View Elementary School had 351 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 51 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 27 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 13:1.^[192]

2014 School Performance Profile

Mountain View Elementary School achieved a score of 78.3 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 72% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 76.6% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 79.5% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 88% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 66% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[193]

2013 School Performance Profile

Mountain View Elementary School achieved a score of 82.8 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 70% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 88% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 79.6% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 79% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 78% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[194]

AYP history

From 2003 through 2012 Mountain View Elementary School achieved AYP status each school year.^[195]

PSSA results

In 2012, 73% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 79% of the tested students were on grade level. Science - 78% of the 4th graders were on grade level in science.^[196]

In 2011, just 72% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 80% of the tested students were on grade level. Science - 87% of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[197]

North Side Elementary School[]

North Side Elementary School is located at 4520 Devonshire Road, Harrisburg. In 2015, North Side Elementary School's enrollment was 599 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 34% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 7% of the pupils receive special education services, while 3% are identified as gifted.^[198] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[199] The school is not a federally designated Title I school.

In 2013, the school's enrollment was 531 pupils with 33% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[200]

In 2010, the school had 573 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 128 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 40 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 14:1.^[201]

2013 School Performance Profile

North Side Elementary School achieved a score of 77.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 73% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 81% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 80% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 85% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 69% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[202]

AYP History

In 2010 through 2012, North Side Elementary School achieved AYP status.^[203] In 2011, 76% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 86% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty five percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[204]

Paxtang Elementary School[]

Paxtang Elementary School is located at 3530 Rutherford Street, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment declined to 213 pupils with 48% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[184]

In 2010, Paxtang Elementary School had 237 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 111 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 20 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12:1.^[205]

2013 School Performance Profile

Paxtang Elementary School achieved a score of 84.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 68% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 79% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 84% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 82% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 64.7% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[202]

In 2012, Paxtang Elementary School declined to Warning AYP status. In 2011 and 2010 the school achieved AYP status.^[206]

In 2012, just 60% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 78% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty nine percent (89%) of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science. In 2011, 61% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 83% of the tested students were on grade level. Seventy four percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[207] In 2010, the Paxtang Elementary School Principal developed an extensive School Improvement Plan to address lagging student achievement in Reading.^[208]

Paxtonia Elementary School[]

Paxtonia Elementary School is located at 6135 Jonestown Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 644 pupils with 19% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[209]

In 2010, Paxtonia Elementary School had 664 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 85 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 41 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 15:1.^[210]

2013 School Performance Profile

Paxtonia Elementary School achieved a score of 83.3 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, 86% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 89.9% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 89% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 90/9% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 80% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[211]

In 2010 through 2012, Paxtonia Elementary School achieved AYP status.^[212] In 2011, 85% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 87% of the tested students were on grade level. Eighty five percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[213]

Phillips Elementary School[]

Phillips Elementary School is located at 100 Oakmont Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 354 pupils with 58.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[214]

In 2010, Phillips Elementary School had 316 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 152 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 24 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 13:1.^[215]

2013 School Performance Profile

Phillips Elementary School achieved a score of 76.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 58% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 67.7% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 68% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 63.6% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 47.6% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[216]

In 2012, Phillips Elementary School declined to Warning Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status due to lagging student achievement in both reading and mathematics. In 2012, only 46% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, just 68% of the tested students were on grade level. Fifty five percent (55%) of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[217] In 2011 and 2010, Phillips Elementary School achieved AYP status.^[218] In 2011, 65% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 74% of the tested students were on grade level. Seventy seven percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[219]

Rutherford Elementary School[]

Rutherford Elementary School is located at 6500 Clearfield Street, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 424 pupils with 57% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[220]

In 2010, the school had 309 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 140 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 22 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 13:1.^[221]

2013 School Performance Profile

Rutherford Elementary School achieved a score of 69.7 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 69.89% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 74% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 70.97% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 54.8% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 66% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[222]

AYP History

In 2012, Rutherford Elementary School declined to Warning AYP status, due to lagging achievement in reading and mathematics.^[223] In 2012, only 70% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, just 75% of the tested students were on grade level. Seventy four percent (74%) of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[224] In 2011 and 2010, Rutherford Elementary School achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.^[225] In 2011, 71% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 81% of the tested students were on grade level. Sixty one percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[226]

South Side Elementary School[]

South Side Elementary School is located at 4525 Union Deposit Road, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 554 pupils with 61.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[184]

In 2010, the school had 552 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 308 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 40 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 14:1.^[227]

2013 School Performance Profile

South Side Elementary School achieved a score of 74.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 68% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 71% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 71.7% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 74% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 50% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[228]

AYP History

In 2012, South Side Elementary School again declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging achievement in reading and mathematics.^[229] In 2012, 61% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 75% of the tested students were on grade level. Sixty seven percent (67%) of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[230] In 2011, South Side Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2010, the school was in Warning status due to low student achievement.^[231] In 2011, 63% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 74% of the tested students were on grade level. Sixty three percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science.^[232]

Tri Community Elementary School[]

Tri Community Elementary School is located at 255 Cypress Street, Steelton. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 420 pupils with 62% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[233] Tri Community Elementary School is the lowest achieving elementary school in the Central Dauphin School District.

In 2010, Tri Community Elementary School had 367 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 308 students receiving a federal free or reduce priced lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 30 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12:1.^[234]

2013 School Performance Profile

Tri Community Elementary School achieved a score of 61 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 48% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 59% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 65.7% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 68% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 40% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[235]

AYP History

In 2011 and 2010, the school achieved AYP status.^[236] In 2011, 54% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 75% of the tested students were on grade level. Sixty nine percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science. The students are below statewide achievement levels in reading, math and science in 3rd, 4th and 5th grades.^[237]

West Hanover Elementary School[]

West Hanover Elementary School is located at 7740 Manor Drive, Harrisburg. In 2013, the school's enrollment was 460 pupils with 18% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price meals due to family poverty. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides half day kindergarten.^[184] West Hanover Elementary School is the highest achieving elementary school in the Central Dauphin School District.

In 2010, the school had 395 students in grades Kindergarten through 5th, with 37 students receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 24 teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 16:1.^[238]

2013 School Performance Profile

West Hanover Elementary School achieved a score of 94.7 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 84% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 89.7% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 89.6% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 93% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 80% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.^[239]

AYP History

In 2011 and 2010, the school achieved AYP status.^[240] In 2011, 96% of the students in grades 3rd through 5th were on grade level in Reading. In Mathematics, 85% of the tested students were on grade level. Ninety five percent of the 4th graders were on grade level in Science. The students exceed statewide achievement levels in reading, math and science in 3rd, 4th and 5th grades.^[241]

Wellness policy[]

Central Dauphin School Board established a district wellness policy in 2006 - Policy 246.^[242] The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 - 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006."

The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, campus food provision, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus.^[243] The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval.

Central Dauphin School District offers both a free school breakfast and free or reduced-price lunch to children from low income families. All students attending the school can eat breakfast and lunch. Children from families with incomes at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty level are provided a breakfast and lunch at no cost to the family. Children from families with incomes between 130 and 185 percent of the federal poverty level can be charged no more than 30 cents per breakfast. A foster child whose care and placement is the responsibility of the State or who is placed by a court with a caretaker household is eligible for both a free breakfast and a free lunch. Runaway, homeless and Migrant Youth are also automatically eligible for free meals.^[244] The meals are partially funded with federal dollars through the United States Department of Agriculture.^[245]

In 2013, the USDA issued new restrictions to foods in public schools. The rules apply to foods and beverages sold on all public school district campuses during the day. They limit vending machine snacks to a maximum of 200 calories per item. Additionally, all snack foods sold at school must meet competitive nutrient standards, meaning they must have fruits, vegetables, dairy or protein in them or contain at least 10 percent of the daily value of fiber, calcium, potassium, and Vitamin D.^[246] In order to comply with the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 all US public school districts are required to raise the price of their school lunches to $2.60 regardless of the actual cost of providing the lunch.^[247]

Central Dauphin School District provides health services as mandated by the Commonwealth and the federal government. Nurses are available in each building to conduct annual health screenings (data reported to the PDE and state Department of Health) and to dispense prescribed medications to students during the school day. Students can be excluded from school unless they comply with all the State Department of Health's extensive immunization mandates. School nurses monitor each pupil for this compliance.^[248] Nurses also monitor each child's weight.

Highmark Healthy High 5 grant[]

In 2009, seven schools in the Central Dauphin School District received funding through Highmark Healthy High 5 grants. Central Dauphin High School received $9,499 which was used to purchase equipment for an interactive DDR program. Central Dauphin East received a $10,000 grant which was used to purchase fitness and evaluation software and tools to implement Fit for Life program. Fitnessgram will be utilized to create a comprehensive fitness unit for 9-12-grade students. Central Dauphin East Middle School received $9,999 which was used to implement the East Middle School Video Dance program. Linglestown Elementary received a $3000 grant which it used to implement the Game On Ultimate Wellness Challenge) program. Mountain View Elementary received $9,000 which was used to purchase equipment for the modified PE program. Rutherford Elementary School and Lawnton Elementary School each received $1,865 grant to purchase materials to enhance their bullying prevention programs.^[249] Beginning in 2006, Highmark Foundation engaged in a 5-year, $100 million program to promote lifelong healthy behaviors in children and adolescents through local nonprofits and schools.

Special education[]

In December 2013, Central Dauphin School District administration reported that 1,412 pupils or 12.4% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 42.7% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.^[250]

In December 2011, Central Dauphin School District administration reported that 1,367 pupils or 15% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 45% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.^[251] In December 2009, the district administration reported that 1,514 pupils or 15% of the district's pupils received Special Education services.^[252]

The district engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress. To identify students who may be eligible for special education, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Instructional Support Team or Student Assistance Team. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the district seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the district or contact the Special Education Department.^[253]

Students who have an Individual Education Plan (IEP) may take the PSSA-M an alternative math exam rather than the PSSA.^[254] Some special education students may take the PASA (Pennsylvania Alternate System of Assessment), rather than the PSSA.^[255] Schools are permitted to provide accommodations to some students.^[256]

In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for special education services. The funds were distributed to districts based on a state policy which estimates that 16% of the district's pupils are receiving special education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.^[257] The Special Education funding structure is through the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) funds and state appropriations. IDEA funds are appropriated to the state on an annual basis and distributed through intermediate units (IUs) to school districts, while state funds are distributed directly to the districts. Total funds that are received by school districts are calculated through a formula. The Pennsylvania Department of Education oversees four appropriations used to fund students with special needs: Special Education; Approved Private Schools; Pennsylvania Chartered Schools for the Deaf and Blind; and Early Intervention. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district's students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student's needs accrue the same level of costs.^[258] Over identification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.^[259] The state requires each public school district and charter school to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.^[260] In 2012, the Obama Administration's US Department of Education issued a directive requiring schools include students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, including sports.^[261]

Central Dauphin School District received a $5,129,786 supplement for special education services in 2010.^[262]

For the 2011–12, 2012–13 and 2013–14 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.^[263][264] For the 2014-2015 school year, Central Dauphin School District received an increase to 5,190,741 from the Commonwealth for special education funding.^[265]

Gifted education[]

The Central Dauphin School District Administration reported that 410 or 3.76% of its students were gifted in 2009.^[266] By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The primary emphasis is on enrichment and acceleration of the regular education curriculum through a push in model with the gifted instructor in the classroom with the regular instructor. This approach permits such specialized instructional strategies as tiered assignments, curriculum compacting, flexible grouping, learning stations, independent projects and independent contracts. Students identified as gifted attending the High School have access to honors and advanced placement courses, and dual enrollment with local colleges. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student's building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.^[267]

Bullying policy and school safety[]

The Central Dauphin School District administration reported there were three (3) incidents of bullying in the district in 2012=13. Additionally, there were 208 incidents that involved law enforcement with 38 arrests. There were 25 assaults on students.^[268] Each year the school safety data is reported by the district to the Safe School Center which publishes the reports online. In 2010, the administration reported there was 1 reported episode of bullying in the district. There were 47 incidents of fighting, 24 episodes of simple assault on students, and 22 students were placed in Alternative Education. Thirty four thefts occurred during the school year 2009-10.^[269][270]

The Central Dauphin School Board prohibits bullying by district students and faculty in its Bullying Policy.^[271] The policy defines bullying and cyberbullying. The Board directs that complaints of bullying shall be investigated promptly, and corrective action shall be taken when allegations are verified. No reprisals or retaliation on students may occur as a result of good faith reports of bullying. The board expects staff members to be responsible to maintain an educational environment free from all forms of bullying. Consequences for Central Dauphin students, who are found to have bullied others include: counseling, a parental conference, detention, suspension, expulsion, a loss of school privileges and/or exclusion from school-sponsored activities.

All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools and are required to review their antibullying policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.^[272] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.^[273]

Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.^[274]

Budget[]

Pennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the General Assembly and the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1.

Under Pennsylvania's Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.^[275]

In 2013, the average teacher salary in Central Dauphin School District was $61,263 a year.^[276] The district employed 1,132 teachers and administrators, with a top salary of $168,000. Ten employees were paid over $100,000 a year.^[277][278] Pennsylvania teacher salaries (2013–14) are searchable in a statewide database provided by TribLive News.^[279] The benefits the teachers and administrators receive continue to exceed $25,000 per employee. Central Dauphin School District teacher and administrator retirement benefits are equal to at least 2.00% x Final Average Salary x Total Credited Service. (Some teachers benefits utilize a 2.50% benefit factor.)^[280] After 40 years of service, Pennsylvania public school teachers and administrators can retire with 100% of the average salary of their final 3 years of employment. According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers’ total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits that teachers receive are not accounted for in many studies of compensation including: pension, retiree health benefits and job security.^[281] In 2014-15, Pennsylvania public school district mandated teacher pension contribution rose to 21.40% of employee salaries and in 2015-16 it rose again to 25.84% of total salaries.^[282] In 2014-15, the state mandated district contribution to the teacher pension fund rose to 21.40% of employee salaries and in 2015-16 it rose again to 25.84% of total district salaries.^[283]

In 2012, the average teacher salary in Central Dauphin School District was $56,610.70 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received was $25,635 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $82,245.^[284] The district employed 940 teachers with an average salary of $57,960 and a top salary of $150,000.^[285]

In 2009, the Central Dauphin School District reported employing 986 teachers and administrators with a salary range of $31,000 to $123,932. The district reports having 12 administrators earning over $100,000 a year.^[286] When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.^[287] Additionally, the teachers received a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, paid personal days, 10 paid sick days, and other benefits.^[288]

In 2007, Central Dauphin School District employed 774 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $50,453 for 192 (180 student days, and 12 Act 48) days worked.^[289] As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries.

Per-pupil spending Central Dauphin School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $612.16 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.^[290] The Pennsylvania School Board Association tracks salaries for Pennsylvania public school employees. It reports that in 2008 the average superintendent salary in Pennsylvania was $122,165.^[291] In July 2009, the school board hired Luis B. Gonzalez as superintendent at a starting salary of $150,000 in a three-year contract.^[292] In August 2011, the Central Dauphin school board voted not to renew Gonzalez's contract when it expired July 12, 2012. He was assigned to do an enrollment study of the district, but no other duties. His buyout was audited by the Pennsylvania Auditor General Office.^[293]

In 2008, Central Dauphin School District reported spending $13,630 per pupil. This ranked 130th in the commonwealth.^[294] In 2010 the per-pupil spending had decreased to $12,801.92 ^[295] Among the states, Pennsylvania's total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.^[296] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was $12,759.^[297]

Reserves In 2008, Central Dauphin School District reported an unreserved designated fund balance of $2,500,000 and an unreserved-undesignated fund balance of $10,040,904.00.^[298] In 2010, Central Dauphin School District Administration reported an increase to $8,446,009. in its unreserved designated fund balance and $12,359,413 in its unreserved-undesignated fund. In 2013, the districts reserves were $20,542,641. Pennsylvania school district reserve funds are divided into two categories – designated and undesignated. The undesignated funds are not committed to any planned project. Designated funds and any other funds, such as capital reserves, are allocated to specific projects. School districts are required by state law to keep 5 percent of their annual spending in the undesignated reserve funds to preserve bond ratings. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2003 to 2010, as a whole, Pennsylvania school districts amassed nearly $3 billion in reserved funds.^[299]

Audit In August 2010, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the district. Findings were reported to the school board members and the administration.^[300]

Tuition Students who live in the Central Dauphin School District's attendance area may choose to attend one of Pennsylvania's 157 public charter schools. A student living in a neighboring public school district or a foreign exchange student may seek admission to Area School District. For these cases, the Pennsylvania Department of Education sets an annual tuition rate for each school district. It is the amount the public school district pays to a charter school for each resident student that attends the charter and it is the amount a nonresident student's parents must pay to attend the district's schools. The 2013 tuition rates are Elementary School - $8,676.25, High School - $10,375.68.^[301]

Central Dauphin School District is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax 1.5%, a local real property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, and a per capita tax, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government.^[302] Grants and interest earned on investments provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax regardless of the individual's wealth.^[303] The average Pennsylvania public school teacher pension in 2011 exceeds $60,000 a year plus they receive federal Social Security benefits: both are free of Pennsylvania state income tax and local income tax which funds local public schools.^[304]

State basic education funding[]

According to a report from Representative Todd Stephens office, Central Dauphin School District receives 21.7% of its annual revenue from the state.^[305]

For the 2015-16 school year, Governor Tom Wolf released a partial Basic Education Funding of $8,253,748 to Central Dauphin School District, in January 2016.^[306] This was part of $10.3 billion in school funding withheld from the public schools, by the Governor since the summer of 2015.^[307] The dispersement did not follow the new Basic Education Fair Funding formula which had been established by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in June 2015.^{[308][309][310]}

For the 2014-15 school year, Central Dauphin School District received $16,003,892 in State Basic Education funding. The district received $791,623 in new Ready To Learn Block grant. The State's enacted Education Budget includes $5,526,129,000 for the 2014-2015 Basic Education Funding.^[311] The Education budget also included Accountability Block Grant funding at $100 million and $241 million in new Ready to Learn funding for public schools that focus on student achievement and academic success. The State paid $500.8 million to Social Security on the school employees behalf and another $1.16 billion to the state teachers pension system (PSERS). In total, Pennsylvania's Education budget for K-12 public schools is $10 billion. This was a $305 million increase over 2013-2014 state spending and the greatest amount ever allotted by the Commonwealth for its public schools.^[312]

For the 2013-14 school year, Central Dauphin School District received $15,995,413 in Pennsylvania Basic Education Funding, which is $429,770 more than its 2012-13 state BEF to the district. Additionally, the district received $364,588 in Accountability Block Grant funding to focus on academic achievement and level funding for special education services. The district had the option of applying for several other state and federal grants to increase revenues. The Commonwealth's budget increased Basic Education Funding statewide by $123 million to over $5.5 billion. The state funded the PSERS (state school employee pension fund) with $1,017,000,000 and Social Security payments for school employees of $495 million.^[313]

For the 2012-13 school year, Central Dauphin School District received $15,930,005.^[314] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block Grant (ABG) program. Central Dauphin School District received $363,588 in ABG funds. The state also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.^[315] This amount was a $21,823,000 increase (0.34%) over the 2011-2012 appropriations for Basic Education Funding, School Employees' Social Security, Pupil Transportation, Nonpublic and Charter School Pupil Transportation. Since taking office, Corbett's first two budgets have restored more than $918 million in support of public schools, compensating for the $1 billion in federal stimulus dollars lost at the end of the 2010-11 school year.

In the 2011-12 school year, Central Dauphin School District received $15,559,101 in state Basic Education Funding.^[316] Additionally, Central Dauphin School District received $364,588 in Accountability Block Grant funding. In 2010, the district reported that 3,053 pupils received a free or reduced-price lunch due to their family meeting the federal poverty level. The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District of Allegheny County, which got a 49% increase in state funding for 2011-12.^[317]

For 2010-11 school budget, the state provided Central Dauphin School District a 6.14% increase of Basic Education Funding for a total of $17,104,950.^[318] Susquehanna Township School District received a 15.89% increase which was the highest increase awarded, in the Dauphin County. In Pennsylvania, one hundred fifty school districts received a base 2% increase in state basic education funding. Among Pennsylvania school districts, the highest increase in 2010-11 was awarded to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.^[319] Fifteen (15) Pennsylvania public school districts received a BEF increase of greater than 10%. The state's hold harmless policy regarding state basic education funding continued where each district received at least the same amount as it received the prior school year, even when enrollment had significantly declined. The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward Rendell and then Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. This was the second year of Governor Rendell's policy to fund some public school districts at a far greater rate than others.^[320]

In the 2009-10 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 4.15% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $16,115,930. Seven Dauphin County school districts received increases of over 4.5% in Basic Education Funding in 2009-10. Susquehanna Township School District received a 10.66% increase. In Pennsylvania, over 15 school districts received Basic Education Funding increases in excess of 10% in 2009. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received the highest with a 22.31% increase in funding.^[321] The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward G. Rendell and the Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal.^[322] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania spent $7,824 Per Pupil in the year 2000. This amount increased up to $12,085 by the year 2008.^[323][324]

The state's Basic Education Funding to the Central Dauphin School District in 2008-09 was $15,474,329.14 ^[325] In 2008, Central Dauphin School District reported that 2,654 pupils received a free or reduced-price lunch due to their family meeting the federal poverty level.

All Pennsylvania school districts also received additional funding from the state through several funding allocations, including: Reimbursement of Charter School Expenditures; Special Education Funding; Secondary Career & Technical Education Subsidy; PA Accountability Grants; and low achieving schools were eligible for Educational Assistance Program Funding. Plus all Pennsylvania school districts receive federal dollars for various programs including: Special Education funding, Title I funding for children from low income families and Title II funding for teaching training. In 2010, Pennsylvania spent over $24 billion for public education - local, state and federal dollars combined.^[326] By 2015, Pennsylvania is spending over $27 billion on public education (local, state and federal resources combined).^[327]

Accountability Block Grants[]

Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania's school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010-11 the Central Dauphin School District applied for and received $989,584 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district used the funding to provide full-day kindergarten for the 7th year.^[328][329]

Ready to Learn grant[]

Beginning in the 2014-2015 budget, the State funded a new Ready to Learn Grant for public schools. A total of $100 million is allocated through a formula to districts based on the number of students, level of poverty of community as calculated by its market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) and the number of English language learners. Ready to Learn Block Grant funds may be used by the districts for: school safety; Ready by 3 early childhood intervention programs; individualized learning programs; and science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs.^[330]

Central Dauphin School District received $791,623 in Ready to Learn Grant dollars in addition to State Basic Education funding, Special Education funding, transportation reimbursement, reimbursement for Social Security payments for employees and other state grants which the district must apply to receive.

Classrooms for the Future grant[]

Central Dauphin School District was denied a grant under Classrooms for the Future in 2006. The grant was to purchase computers for the high school students' use along with paying for mandatory teacher training to optimize the computers' use.^[331] Computers were for core academic courses: English, Math, Science, and History.^[332] In 2006-07, Central Dauphin did not apply to participate. In 2007-08, Central Dauphin School District received $368,155. The district received the final payment of $207,881 for the 2008-09 school year. In total Central Dauphin School District received $576,036 in state funds. This money was in addition to all regular state and federal funding.^[333] Classrooms For the Future was launched in 2006 as a three-year, $200 million project. It calls for a laptop computer for every high school student and teacher.^[334] An audit by the Pennsylvania Auditor General found that over three years, PDE eventually gave at least partial funding to all, but four school districts, who applied for Classrooms for the Future grants.^[335] The grant was discontinued in the state's 2011 budget by Governor Edward G. Rendell.

School Improvement Grant[]

In 2010, the Administration applied for and was awarded a $2,099,888 grant, by the state and federal government. The money had to be used to transform the low performing high school. The Transformation process specifies that the administration use of rigorous, transparent, and equitable evaluation systems for teachers and principals, high-quality professional development and design and development of curriculum with teacher and principal involvement. The school qualified for the grant due to the chronic low student achievement.^[336][337]

Education Assistance grant[]

The state's EAP funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11 the Central Dauphin School District did not receive funding.^[338]

Project 720[]

Project 720 was a high school reform program implemented for three years under the Rendell administration. The intent was to increase academic rigor and improve the instruction of teachers in the Commonwealth's high schools. Teachers were expected to use data driven instructional practices and to meet the needs of diverse learners.^[339] The 720 in the name referred to the number of days a student was in high school in ninth through 12th grades.^[340] High schools applied for funding and were required to agree to report to the PDE their plans, their actions and the outcomes. In 2007-08 budget year, the Commonwealth provided $11 million in funding. School District was one of 161 PA public school districts to apply, receiving $165,000 funding over three years.^[341][342] For 2010-11, Project 720 funding was decreased to $1.7 million by Governor Rendell. The grant program was discontinued effective with the 2011-12 state budget.^[343]

Other grants[]

Central Dauphin School District did not participate in: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Environmental Education annual grants, PA Science Its Elementary grants (discontinued effective with 2009-10 budget by Governor Rendell), 2012 Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant, 2012 and 2013 Hybrid Learning Grants,^[344] nor the federal 21st Century Learning grants.

Federal funding[]

Central Dauphin School District received an extra $4,852,518 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.^[345] The funding was limited to the 2009–10 and 2010-2011 school years.^[346] Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software.

Race to the Top grant[]

Central Dauphin School District officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant which would have brought the district over one million additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement.^[347] Several Dauphin County school districts applied for funding.^[348] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success.^[349] In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.^[350] Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.^[351]

Title II grants[]

The Federal government provides annual grants to schools to be used to improve the quality of teacher instructions to pupils. The goal is provide each child in public schools with "Highly Quality" teachers and principals as defined by the state.^[352] The funds are sent to the state Department of Education which distributes them to each school district and charter school.^[353] Beginning in 2002, the federal funding committed to Title II was $3,175,000,000. Public school district administrations must apply to the state annually for the Title II funds. In 2012-13, Area School District received $295,226 in federal Title II funding.^[354] In 2014-15, Central Dauphin School District applied for and received $270,689.^[355]

English language learners grant[]

The Federal government provides annual grants to schools to assist in educating immigrant children and children who are identified as limited English proficient.^[356] Upon registering for school a language survey is done for all new enrollment pupils, typically in kindergarten or preschool. They identify the primary language spoken at home. This data is collected and submitted to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, which in turn notifies the federal government.^[357]

In 2012-13, Central Dauphin School District received $116,510 in Title III funding for English language learners.^[358] For 2014-15, Central Dauphin School District received $130,311 in Title III funding.^[359]

Common Cents state initiative[]

The school board elected to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.^[360] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes.

Real estate taxes[]

In June 2015, Central Dauphin School Board raised property taxes rate to 14.8622 mills for the 2015-2016 school year.^[361] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and government property. According to state tax policy, unlike other states, natural gas and oil pipelines are exempted from property taxes.^[362] Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region. Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.^[363] In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly eliminated six of the ten exceptions to the Act 1 Index.^[364] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school's share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.^[365][366]

Rather than paying property taxes like other business owners, Pinnacle Health Hospitals pay Central Dauphin School District, Lower Paxton Township and Dauphin County $663,923 annually under the terms of a 66-month payment-in-lieu-of-taxes agreement approved by Central Dauphin School Board. Central Dauphin School District receives $412,000 annually. The property is assessed at $62.6 million, of which $55.6 million is tax exempt. If the whole property were taxed at Central Dauphin's 2014-2015 tax rate of 14.6 mills, the district would collect about $913,000 annually in property taxes. Additionally, the district is paid $62,000 per year on the non-exempt portion of the Community General property.^[377]

According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09.^[378] The average yearly property tax paid by Dauphin County residents amounts to about 3.48% of their yearly income. Dauphin County is ranked 382nd of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.^[379][380]

Act 1 Adjusted index[]

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2010-2011 school year is 2.9 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.^[381] In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly eliminated six of the ten exceptions to the Act 1 Index.^[364] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school's share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.^[365][366]

The School District Adjusted Index for the Central Dauphin School District 2006-2007 through 2010-2011.^[382]

For the 2016-17 budget year, Central Dauphin School Board did not apply for an exception to exceed the district's Act 1 Index limit.^[390] Statewide 299 school districts adopted a resolution to not exceed their Act I index in 2016-17.

For the 2015-16 budget year, Central Dauphin School Board applied for two exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit: for special education cost and for its rapidly rising teacher pension costs. For the school budget 2015-16, 310 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above its Act 1 Index limit. Another 187 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeding the Index limit. Regarding the pension costs exception, 172 school districts received approval to exceed the Index limit in full, while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 119 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. No Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for the grandfathered construction debts exception.^[391]

For the 2014-15 budget year, Central Dauphin School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. In 2014-15, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 21.4% of payroll payment to the teacher's pension fund (PSERS).^[392] For the school budget 2014-15, 316 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above its Act 1 Index limit. Another 181 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeding the Index limit. Districts may apply for multiple exceptions each year. For the pension costs exception, 163 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full, while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 104 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. Seven Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for the grandfathered construction debts exception.^[393]

For the 2013-14 budget year, Central Dauphin School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. For 2013-2014, 311 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 171 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 89 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 75 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the exception for pension costs, 169 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. Eleven districts received an approval for grandfathered construction debts.^[394]

For the 2012-13 budget year, Central Dauphin School Board applied for an exception to exceed the Act 1 Index due to teacher pension costs. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.^[395]

For the 2011-12 school year, the Central Dauphin School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year, the Central Dauphin School Board has the option of adopting either 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index. A specific timeline for these decisions is published each year by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.^[396]

According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district's index. Of the districts who sought exceptions 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.^[397]

Central Dauphin School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budgets in 2009-10 or in 2010-11.^[398][399] In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.^[400]

Property tax relief[]

In 2013, Central Dauphin School District approved 24,269 homestead properties to receive $107 each.^[401] The decline in amount was related to more residents applying for tax relief and a decline in table games tax revenues. The amount received by the district must be divided equally among all approved residences.^[402]

In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Central Dauphin School District was $111 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 23,303 property owners applied for the tax relief. In Dauphin County, the highest amount of tax relief in 2009, went to Harrisburg City School District at $446.^[403] The tax relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres (40,000 m²) and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Dauphin County, 68.71% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009.^[404] Pennsylvania awarded the highest property tax relief to residents of the Chester-Upland School District in Delaware County at $632 per homestead and farmstead in 2010.^[405]

Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Central Dauphin School District residents aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half (1/2) of their Social Security income, consequently individuals, who make substantially more than $35,000 a year, still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This tax relief can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief.

Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).^[406]

Extracurriculars[]

The schools offer a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility to participate is determined by school board policies.^[407][408]

In 2010, the school board established a task force that examined spending in extracurriculars. The committee found substantial redundancy which added to costs. Discussions included the four middle schools, which each have a varsity and junior varsity basketball team, and combining the middle-school teams from four individual schools to two combined teams/schools.^[409]

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.^[410]

References[]

External links[]

• Official website

Coordinates: 40°17′03″N 76°48′05″W / 40.28420°N 76.80138°W / 40.28420; -76.80138