Charaxes tectonis

Charaxes tectonis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. tectonis
Binomial name
	Charaxes tectonis; Jordan, 1937
Synonyms
	Charaxes druceanus tectonis Jordan, 1937; Charaxes druceanus nebularum Darge, 1977;

Charaxes tectonis, the mountain silver-barred charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria and Cameroon.^[3] The habitat consists of sub-montane and montane forests.

Subspecies[]

Charaxes tectonis tectonis (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon: west to the Bamenda Forest and Mount Oku)
Charaxes tectonis nebularum Darge, 1977.^[4] (Cameroon: Manengouba massif)

Related species[]

Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "Charaxes jasius Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision,^[5] corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populated clade of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene,^[6] 26 are now considered together as The jasius Group.^[5] One of the two lineages within this clade forms a robust monophyletic group of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene,^[6] and are considered as the jasius subgroup.^[5] The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split in to three well-populated subgroups of closely related species.

The jasius Group (26 Species):^[5]

Clade 1: jasius subgroup (7 species)

Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the brutus, pollux, and eudoxus subgroups.^[5]

the eudoxus subgroup (11 species):
Charaxes eudoxus
Charaxes lucyae
Charaxes richelmanni
Charaxes musakensis
[stat.rev.2005]^[5]
Charaxes druceanus
Charaxes tectonis
Charaxes phraortes
Charaxes andranodorus
[stat.rev.2025]^[5]

Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing Charaxes taxons is required to improve clarity.

References[]

^ Jordan , K. 1937. On some Old-World Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 40: 323-325.
^ "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
^ Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini
^ Darge, P. 1977 Un nouveau Charaxes orophile de République Unie de Cameroun: Charaxes druceanus nebularum, n. subsp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1977 (Jan-Mar): 9-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Turlin, B. (2005). Bauer & Frankenbach (ed.). Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1. Vol. 22. Keltern: Goecke & Evers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 3937783156.
^ ^a ^b "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions". Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478

External links[]

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[1] Jordan , K. 1937. On some Old-World Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 40: 323-325.

[funet-2] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[ATBUT-3] Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini

[4] Darge, P. 1977 Un nouveau Charaxes orophile de République Unie de Cameroun: Charaxes druceanus nebularum, n. subsp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1977 (Jan-Mar): 9-12.

[Turlin_2005-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Turlin, B. (2005). Bauer & Frankenbach (ed.). Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1. Vol. 22. Keltern: Goecke & Evers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 3937783156.

[Out_of_Africa_2009-6] "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions". Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478

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