Chiefdom of Yongning

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Chiefdom of Yongning 永寧土司
1381–1956
Capital	Yongning
Common languages	Naxi language
Government	Monarchy
Chieftain
• 1381–?	Budu Geji (first)
• 1930–1956	A Minhan (last)
History
• Established	1381
• Disestablished	1956
Preceded by Succeeded by Yuan dynasty China
Today part of	China

Chiefdom of Yongning (simplified Chinese: 永宁土司; traditional Chinese: 永寧土司; pinyin: Yǒngníng Tǔsī) was a Mosuo autonomous Tusi chiefdom during Ming and Qing dynasty. The chiefdom located at present-day Ninglang Yi Autonomous County at the convergence of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet.

According to legend, the ancestor of Yongning chieftains was from Tibet. He arrived at Yongning in 24 AD. Yongning was a part of Nanzhao and later a part of the Dali Kingdom.^[1] Mongolian invaded Dali in 1253. He Zi (和字), the chieftain of Yongning, surrendered to Mongol Empire. Yongning was ruled by Mongols.^[2]

Yongning swore allegiance to Ming dynasty since 1371.^[3] Chieftain (卜都各吉) went to China to have an audience with Hongwu Emperor in 1381, from then on, Yongning joined the Chinese Tusi System.^[4] Since 1406, the hereditary chieftains received the official position "Magistrate of Yongning" (永寧知府) from Chinese emperor.

A Ju (阿苴) was the first chieftain who used the Chinese surname "A" (阿). Joseph Rock stated that the surname was given by Chinese emperor. On one occasion the chieftain came to have an audience with Chinese emperor. The chieftain did not understand Chinese. When Chinese emperor spoke to him, he replied "ah", so was given the surname "A".^[5]

According to The Ancient Nakhi Kingdom of Southwest China by Joseph Rock, Yongning used to be great power. However, in 1648, Muli was given to a lama and established the ; later, in 1710, Yongning was divided into several chiefdoms under Kangxi Emperor's order.^[5]

In 1917, (蒗蕖土司) was abolished, its territory merged into Yongning. Since then, Yongning changed its name to Ninglang. Yongning Chiefdom was abolished by Communist Party of China in 1956.

List of chieftains of Yongning[]

See also[]

• Mosuo
• Chiefdom of Lijiang
• Nakhi people

References[]

• Chuan-kang Shih (2009). Quest for Harmony: The Moso Traditions of Sexual Union and Family Life. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804761994.