Chrysolina
| Chrysolina | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chrysolina polita | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Chrysomelinae |
| Tribe: | Chrysomelini |
| Subtribe: | |
| Genus: | Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 |
| Type species | |
| Diversity | |
| at least 130 species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Chrysolina hyperici
Chrysolina is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.[2]
The species Chrysolina cerealis and C. graminis are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of Chrysolina are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), C. hyperici was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s[3][4] and several species, especially C. quadrigemina, were introduced to California in the late 1940s.[4][5][6][7][8]
Systematic classification of European species[]
- Order Coleoptera
- Suborder Polyphaga
- Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802
- Family Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802
- Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802
- Genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
- Subgenus Allochrysolina
- Chrysolina fuliginosa (Olivier, 1807)
- Chrysolina lepida (Olivier 1807)
- Subgenus Anopachys
- (Mannerheim, 1825)
- (Frivaldszky, 1883)
- (Rosenhauer, 1847)
- (Muller, 1916)
- Subgenus Arctolina
- (Menetries, 1851)
- Subgenus Bechynia
- (Weise, 1884)
- Daccordi & Ruffo, 1980
- (Bechyné, 1950)
- Bourdonne, 1986
- Subgenus Bittotaenia
- (Germar, 1824)
- Subgenus Cecchiniola
- (Jacobson, 1898)
- Subgenus Centoptera
- Chrysolina bicolor (Fabricius, 1775)
- Subgenus Chalcoidea
- (Linnaeus, 1767)
- melanaria (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Fabricius, 1792)
- Chrysolina cinctipennis (Harold, 1874)
- (Weise, 1884)
- (Weise, 1884)
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bechyné, 1952
- Subgenus Chrysolina
- Chrysolina bankii (Fabricius, 1775)
- (Olivier, 1807)
- (Wollaston, 1864)
- (Brulle, 1838)
- (Duftschmid, 1825)
- Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bechyné, 1957
- Subgenus Chrysomorpha
- Chrysolina cerealis (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Subgenus Colaphodes
- Subgenus Colaphoptera
- Subgenus Colaphosoma
- Chrysolina sturmi (Westhoff, 1882)
- Subgenus Craspeda
- (Breit, 1920)
- (Fabricius, 1775)
- Subgenus Cyrtochrysolina
- (Germar, 1824)
- Subgenus Erythrochrysa
- Subgenus Euchrysolina
- Chrysolina graminis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Chrysolina virgata (Motschulsky, 1860)
- Subgenus Fastuolina
- Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763)
- Subgenus Heliostola
- (Fuss, 1856)
- (Richter, 1820)
- (Weise, 1882)
- Subgenus Hypericia
- Chrysolina brunsvicensis (Gravenhorst, 1807)
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Duftschmid, 1825)
- (Scriba, 1791)
- (Paykull, 1799)
- Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771)
- Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffrian, 1851)
- Subgenus Maenadochrysa
- Subgenus Melasomoptera
- Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius, 1792)
- (Olivier, 1807)
- (Petagna, 1819)
- Subgenus Mimophaedon
- Bourdonne, 1996
- Subgenus Ovosoma
- Subgenus Ovostoma
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Bedel, 1892)
- Subgenus Palaeosticta
- (Germar, 1824)
- Subgenus Rhyssoloma
- (Wollaston, 1854)
- Subgenus Sphaerochrysolina
- (Weise, 1887)
- Subgenus Sphaeromela
- Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783)
- Subgenus Stichoptera
- (Cobos, 1952)
- (Lindberg, 1953)
- (Kuster, 1845)
- (Demaison, 1896)
- (Helliesen, 1912)
- (Kuster, 1845)
- (Fairmaire, 1859)
- (Illiger, 1802)
- Chrysolina sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1758)
- (Gene, 1839)
- (Petagna, 1819)
- Subgenus Sulcicollis
- (Germar, 1824)
- Chrysolina oricalcia (Muller O. F., 1776)
- (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839)
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- Subgenus Synerga
- Chrysolina coerulans (Scriba, 1791)
- Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825)
- Chrysolina suffriani (Fairmaire, 1859)
- Chrysolina viridana (Kuster, 1844)
- Subgenus Taeniochrysea
- Subgenus Taeniosticha
- (Weise, 1884)
- Subgenus Threnosoma
- (Ahrens, 1812)
- (Kuster, 1845)
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Weise, 1916)
- Bechyné, 1950
- Bechyné, 1950
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Daccordi & Ruffo, 1979)
- (Suffrian, 1851)
- (Brisout, 1882)
- (Frivaldszky, 1883)
- Subgenus Timarchida
- (Ganglbauer, 1897)
- Subgenus Allochrysolina
- Genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
- Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802
- Family Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802
- Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802
- Suborder Polyphaga
See also[]
References[]
- ^ IRMNG (2018). Chrysolina Motschoulsky in Schrenck, 1860. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1419344 on 2019-01-18
- ^ BIEÑKOWSKI, ANDRZEJ O (2001). "A study on the genus Chrysolina MOTSCHULSKY, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" (PDF). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy. 12: 105–235. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ^ W. T. Parsons, E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious Weeds of Australia. 2nd ed. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-643-06514-8. P. 389.
- ^ a b Wilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162.
- ^ Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett (1959). A ten-year study of vegetation change associated with biological control of Klamath weed. 12: 69-82.
- ^ Peter Jay Morin. Community Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. ISBN 0-86542-350-4. P. 106-107.
- ^ Gilbert Waldbauer. What Good are Bugs?: Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-674-01027-2. P. 158.
- ^ Richard E. White. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. ISBN 0-395-91089-7. P. 296.
External links[]
Media related to Chrysolina at Wikimedia Commons
Categories:
- Chrysomelinae
- Chrysomelidae genera
- Taxa named by Victor Motschulsky