Chrysophyllum

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Chrysophyllum
Starr 070111-3283 Chrysophyllum oliviforme.jpg
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Subfamily: Chrysophylloideae
Genus: Chrysophyllum
L.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Achrouteria Eyma
  • Austrogambeya Aubrév. & Pellegr.
  • Cainito Adans.
  • Chloroluma Baill.
  • Cornuella Pierre
  • Cynodendron Baehni
  • Dactimala Raf.
  • Donella Pierre ex Baill.
  • Fibocentrum Pierre ex Glaz., nom. inval.
  • Gambeya Pierre
  • Gambeyobotrys Aubrév.
  • Guersentia Raf.
  • Martiusella Pierre
  • Nycterisition Ruiz & Pav.
  • Nycteristion Ruiz & Pav.
  • Prieurella Pierre
  • Ragala Pierre
  • Villocuspis (A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.

Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[2][3]

The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern South America. One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.[4]

Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.[5] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible.[citation needed][6][7]

Species[4]
  1. - Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
  2. - W + C Africa
  3. - Ivory Coast
  4. Chrysophyllum albidum - W + C Africa
  5. - Peru (San Martín)
  6. - Amazon Basin
  7. - Madagascar
  8. - Madagascar
  9. - E Brazil
  10. - West Indies, Central America, N South America
  11. - Maharashtra
  12. - Miranda
  13. - Ivory Coast, Ghana, Liberia
  14. - Zaire, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia
  15. - W + C Africa
  16. - Madagascar
  17. - Loreto, Amazonas
  18. - C Africa
  19. - Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
  20. Chrysophyllum cainito - Belize, Jamaica, Cayman Is
  21. - Príncipe
  22. - Madagascar
  23. - Central America, NW South America
  24. - Peru
  25. - N South America
  26. - Toliara
  27. - Amazonas
  28. - Colombia
  29. - Suriname, N. Brazil
  30. - Madagascar
  31. Chrysophyllum flexuosum - Brazil
  32. - W + C Africa
  33. - Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, N Argentina
  34. - trop Africa
  35. - Madagascar
  36. - Panama, Costa Rica
  37. Chrysophyllum imperiale - E Brazil
  38. - S Brazil
  39. - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  40. - C Africa
  41. - Colombia
  42. - Zaïre
  43. - Panama, Costa Rica, South America
  44. - Zaïre, Congo Republic
  45. - Ecuador
  46. - N South America
  47. - South America
  48. - Madagascar
  49. - Mexico, Central America
  50. - Zaïre, Uganda, South Sudan
  51. - New Guinea
  52. - Gabon
  53. Chrysophyllum oliviforme - Florida, West Indies
  54. - Peru, Bolivia, Acre
  55. - Papua New Guinea
  56. - São Paulo, Paraná
  57. - Colombia, Venezuela
  58. - Puerto Rico to Virgin Islands
  59. - W + C Africa
  60. - Madagascar
  61. - trop South America
  62. - Panama, trop South America
  63. - Nigeria, Bioko
  64. Santa Catarina
  65. - Peru
  66. Chrysophyllum roxburghii - SE Asia, New Guinea, Australia, S China, India, Madagascar
  67. - E Brazil
  68. - trop South America
  69. - Zaïre
  70. - Peru, Venezuela
  71. - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
  72. - E Brazil
  73. - Panama
  74. - trop Africa
  75. - Bahia
  76. - Amazonas
  77. - Ivory Coast
  78. - Equatorial Guinea
  79. - W + C Africa
  80. - S Venezuela, N Brazil
  81. - trop South America, Central America, Mexico
  82. - Brazil
  83. Chrysophyllum viridifolium - E + SE Africa
  84. - trop Africa
  85. - Amazonas
  86. - Tanzania
Formerly included[4]
  • Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as C. magalismontanum Sond.)
  • Jacquinia arborea Vahl (as C. barbasco Loefl.)
  • Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as C. rugosum Sw.)
  • Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as C. philippense Perr.)
  • (Baker) Roberty (as C. alnifolium Baker)
  • (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as C. gardneri Mart. & Miq.)
  • (Lam.) Eyma (as C. macrophyllum Lam.)
  • (Engl.) Eyma (as C. reticulatum Engl.)
  • (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as C. soboliferum Rizzini)
  • Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. (as C. burahem Riedel)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Genus: Chrysophyllum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-03-31. Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
  3. ^ Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. ^ Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  7. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
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