Cinnyris
Cinnyris | |
---|---|
Male Splendid sunbird, C. coccinigastrus | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Nectariniidae |
Genus: | Cinnyris Cuvier, 1816 |
Type species | |
Certhia coccinigaster (Splendid sunbird) Latham, 1801
| |
Species | |
See text |
Cinnyris is a genus of sunbirds. Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia. They are generally known as double-collared sunbirds because the fringe of their bib usually includes a band of contrastingly coloured feathers.[1]
The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
The genus was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816.[2] The type species was designated as "Certhia splendida Shaw" by George Robert Gray in 1855.[3] This taxon is a junior synonym of Certhia coccinigaster described by John Latham in 1801. This is now the splendid sunbird.[4][5][6] The name Cinnyris is from the Ancient Greek κιννυρις (kinnyris), an unknown small bird mentioned by Hesychius of Alexandria.[7]
It is suspected that the genus is polyphyletic and the positions of many are unresolved:[8][9]
The genus contains 56 species:[5]
- Olive-bellied sunbird, Cinnyris chloropygius
- Tiny sunbird, Cinnyris minullus
- Eastern Miombo sunbird, Cinnyris manoensis
- Western Miombo sunbird, Cinnyris gertrudis – split from eastern Miombo sunbird
- Southern double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris chalybeus
- Neergaard's sunbird, Cinnyris neergaardi
- Rwenzori double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris stuhlmanni
- Whyte’s double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris whytei – split from Ludwig's double-collared sunbird
- Prigogine's double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris prigoginei
- Ludwig's double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris ludovicensis
- Northern double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris reichenowi
- Greater double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris afer
- Regal sunbird, Cinnyris regius
- Rockefeller's sunbird, Cinnyris rockefelleri
- Eastern double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris mediocris
- Usambara double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris usambaricus – split from eastern double-collared sunbird
- Forest double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris fuelleborni
- Moreau's sunbird, Cinnyris moreaui
- Beautiful sunbird, Cinnyris pulchellus
- Loveridge's sunbird, Cinnyris loveridgei
- Marico sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis
- Shelley's sunbird, Cinnyris shelleyi
- Hofmann's sunbird, Cinnyris hofmanni
- Congo sunbird, Cinnyris congensis
- Red-chested sunbird, Cinnyris erythrocerca
- Black-bellied sunbird, Cinnyris nectarinioides
- Purple-banded sunbird, Cinnyris bifasciatus
- Tsavo sunbird, Cinnyris tsavoensis - sometimes included in C. bifasciatus
- Violet-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris chalcomelas
- Pemba sunbird, Cinnyris pembae
- Orange-tufted sunbird, Cinnyris bouvieri
- Palestine sunbird, Cinnyris osea
- Shining sunbird, Cinnyris habessinicus
- Splendid sunbird, Cinnyris coccinigaster
- Johanna's sunbird, Cinnyris johannae
- Superb sunbird, Cinnyris superbus
- Rufous-winged sunbird, Cinnyris rufipennis
- Oustalet's sunbird, Cinnyris oustaleti
- White-bellied sunbird, Cinnyris talatala
- Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
- Dusky sunbird, Cinnyris fuscus
- Ursula's sunbird, Cinnyris ursulae
- Bates's sunbird, Cinnyris batesi
- Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus
- Purple sunbird, Cinnyris asiaticus
- Olive-backed sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis
- Apricot-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris buettikoferi
- Flame-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris solaris
- Souimanga sunbird, Cinnyris sovimanga
- Abbott's sunbird, Cinnyris abbotti
- Seychelles sunbird, Cinnyris dussumieri
- Malagasy green sunbird, Cinnyris notatus
- Humblot's sunbird, Cinnyris humbloti
- Anjouan sunbird, Cinnyris comorensis
- Mayotte sunbird, Cinnyris coquerellii
- Loten's sunbird, Cinnyris lotenius
References[]
- ^ Macdonald, J. D. (1959). "Old and New Lines in Taxonomy". Ibis. 101 (3–4): 330–334. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1959.tb02389.x. ISSN 1474-919X.
- ^ Cuvier, Georges (1816). Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée (in French). Volume 1. Paris: Déterville. p. 411.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 19.
- ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 223.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Jump up to: a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
- ^ Warren, Ben H; Bermingham, Eldredge; Bowie, Rauri CK; Prys-Jones, Robert P; Thébaud, Christophe (2003). "Molecular phylogeography reveals island colonization history and diversification of western Indian Ocean sunbirds (Nectarinia: Nectariniidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00063-0. PMID 12967608.
- ^ Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Fjeldså, Jon; Hackett, Shannon J.; Crowe, Timothy M.; Fleischer, R. C. (2004). "Systematics and biogeography of double-collared sunbirds from the eastern arc mountains, tanzania". The Auk. 121 (3): 660–681. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0660:sabods]2.0.co;2.
Other sources[]
- Barlow, Wacher and Disley, Birds of The Gambia ISBN 1-873403-32-1
- Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, Birds of India ISBN 0-691-04910-6
- Robson, Craig A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand ISBN 1-84330-921-1
- Sinclair, Ian; Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick (2002). SASOL Birds of Southern Africa. Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-721-6.
- Cinnyris
- Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
- Bird genera