Ciro Gomes

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Ciro Gomes
Ciro Gomes em 29-07-2010 (Agência Brasil) (2).jpg
Gomes in 2010
Federal Deputy for Ceará
In office
1 February 2007 – 1 February 2011
Minister of National Integration
In office
1 January 2003 – 31 March 2006
PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Preceded byLuciano Barbosa
Succeeded byPedro Brito
Minister of Finance
In office
6 September 1994 – 1 January 1995
PresidentItamar Franco
Preceded byRubens Ricupero
Succeeded byPedro Malan
Governor of Ceará
In office
15 March 1991 – 6 September 1994
Vice GovernorLúcio Alcântara
Preceded byTasso Jereissati
Succeeded byFrancisco Aguiar
Mayor of Fortaleza
In office
1 January 1989 – 2 April 1990
Vice MayorJuraci Magalhães
Preceded byMaria Luíza Fontenele
Succeeded byJuraci Magalhães
State Deputy of Ceará
In office
1 February 1983 – 1 January 1989
Personal details
Born (1957-11-06) 6 November 1957 (age 64)
Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Political partyPDT (2015–present)
Other political
affiliations
  • PDS (1982–1983)
  • PMDB (1983–1990)
  • PSDB (1990–1997)
  • PPS (1997–2005)
  • PSB (2005–2013)
  • PROS (2013–2015)
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1983; div. 1999)​
Patricia Pillar
​
​
(m. 1999; div. 2011)​
Giselle Bezerra
​
(m. 2017)​
Alma materFederal University of Ceará (LL.B.)
ProfessionLawyer, universitary professor, writter

Ciro Ferreira Gomes GOMM (born 6 November 1957), known mononymously as Ciro, is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and academic. Identified as a centre-left politician, national-developmentalist, social democrat and labourist, Ciro is currently affiliated and vice-president of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT).

Born in São Paulo but raised in Ceará into a political family, Ciro began his political career at the age of 24 in 1984. Ciro was elected Mayor of Fortaleza at age of 30 in 1988 and was elected Governor of Ceará at the age of 32 in 1990. During his tenure, Ciro was the most popular Governor in the country.[1] His Viva Criança program that reduced infant mortality in Ceará by 32% was given an international award by UNICEF.[2] His success led to his appointment as Minister of Finance by President Itamar Franco, where he presided over the Real Plan that stabilized the economy and ended hyperinflation.

Ciro ran for President of Brazil for the Popular Socialist Party (PPS) in 1998 and 2002, coming in third and fourth place. In both Ciro presented himself as critical of Fernando Henrique Cardoso presidency and attempted to be a centre-left alternative to petista candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Following the election, Ciro was appointed by President Lula as Minister of National Integration, presiding over regional development and the interbasin transfer of the São Francisco River. In 2006, Ciro was elected federal deputy for Ceará. Ciro was expected to succeed Lula for the 2010 election,[3][4] but Lula instead appointed Energy Minister Dilma Rousseff, a move he criticized.[5][6] Ciro coordinated her successful presidential campaigns,[7] but afterwards retired to the private sector.[8]

In 2018, Ciro returned to politics after joining the Democratic Labour Party, launching his long-awaited third campaign for the presidency. Running on a platform that included a public credit debt refinancing, a progressive tax system with dividend tax,[9] increased funding for education and healthcare,[10] and a federal agency defending LGBTQ rights,[11] and a Neo-Keynesean, re-industrializing platform.[12] as an alternative between Lula's appointee Fernando Haddad and right-wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro. Though he polled better than Haddad directly against Bolsonaro,[13] Ciro finished in third place. Following Bolsonaro's victory, many argued that Ciro would have won if he had been nominated by a centre-left coalition.[14] Ciro refused to endorse Haddad afterwards[15], PT's offer to be his running mate[16] and has opposed Lula's party within the Brazilian left.[17][18]

Described as having "one of the sharpest tongues in Brazilian politics", Ciro's public image has been characterized by his outspoken personality, receiving both praise and criticism.[13][19] Ciro is currently one of the main opposers of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency, accusing Bolsonaro and his sons of criminal militia involvement.[20][21][22] Ciro was also critical of Michel Temer's presidency, characterizing Dilma's impeachment as a "coup".[23] He has also been critical of Lula's presidency, accusing him of enabling Dilma's impeachment through Temer and Eduardo Cunha's appointments, and both of leading a social liberal government that led to the current Brazilian recession and Bolsonaro's election.[24][25][26] Since joining PDT in 2015, Ciro has lead a resurgence of PT's traditional left-wing nationalist opposition by PDT and the legacy of Getúlio Vargas,[27] receiving accusations of being a left-wing populist. In the private sector, Ciro served as director for Brazilian rail company Transnordestina S/A and steelmaker Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional[8] and a best-selling author.[28]

Early life[]

Ciro was born in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, the son of José Euclides Ferreira Gomes Filho and Maria José Ferreira Gomes in 1957. His family moved to Sobral, Ceará in 1962. His father's family, the Ferreira Gomes family, has been active in Ceará politics for several generations.

Ciro enrolled in the Law School of the Federal University of Ceará in 1976.[29] Ciro later recalled that within the student movements of the time, he was most closely affiliated with the Catholic Left.[30] Upon graduation, Ciro returned to the city of Sobral, to work for the local government as a municipal prosecutor.[31]

State political career[]

State politics[]

Ciro ran for office for the first time in 1982, as a State Deputy representing Sobral, and won; he began his first term in February 1983.[32] Ciro attracted substantial media attention early on for his willingness to debate national political questions - including democracy, social reforms, and international relations - which he said other Ceará politicians ignored.[33] In 1985, Ciro also started teaching tax law as a professor at the University of Fortaleza.[34]

In 1988, Ciro was elected Mayor of Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará, and began his term the next year. As Mayor of Fortaleza, endorsed centre-left candidate Mário Covas in the first round of the 1989 presidential election and socialist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round.[35]

Governor of Ceará[]

Ciro was elected the Governor of Ceará in 1990, at the age of 32, becoming the second youngest governor in the country at the time.[36] His efforts included policies to support small businesses and reduce bureaucracy.[37] He also cracked down on tax evasion, increasing state revenue. Ciro also ordered increased investments in education and in public health; by July 1992, a Datafolha poll found he was the most popular governor in Brazil, with a 74% approval rate,[38] and Time magazine listed him as one of the 100 most important emerging leaders on the world stage.[39]

One of his most high-profile achievements as governor was the construction of a 71-mile long water canal, the "Canal do Trabalhador." Northeastern Brazil suffered a series of droughts in 1991, 1992, and 1993; in 1993, Ciro managed to organize and complete the construction of the canal in only 3 months, successfully bringing water to the capital city of Fortaleza and thus preventing a water supply crisis.[40]

Ciro' "Programa Viva Criança" public health program was attributed with a 32% decrease in infant mortality in the state, and was awarded the Maurice Paté prize by UNICEF.[2]

National political career[]

Minister of Finance[]

In 1994 he served as Minister of Finance in the administration of Itamar Franco. This appointment came at a crucial time in Brazil's modern economic development, when the Real Plan was underway as an economic stabilization program to fight hyperinflation. His successful performance overseeing the Real Plan was credited by some with helping Fernando Henrique Cardoso win the subsequent presidential election in the fall of 1994, after Cardoso campaigned on continuing the plan's implementation. However, Ciro would break with the Cardoso government in 1997.[41]

1998 presidential candidacy[]

Map of the 1998 Brazilian presidential election. Ciro only managed to win his home state of Ceará.

A founding member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Ciro would leave the party, which was originally centre-left, in 1997 following its right turn. Ciro would join the Socialist People's Party (PPS) in opposition to the Cardoso administration, and ran as a member of the party for president in 1998 with Roberto Freire as his running mate. During the campaign, Ciro attempted to position himself as a left alternative to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a staple of the Brazilian left who had run for president twice prior to 1998 as a member of the Workers' Party (PT).

The centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB), a kingmaker in Brazilian politics, considered supporting his candidacy, but did not end up doing so.[42] In the end, Ciro came in third place in the first round, and won 11% of the vote (only the top two candidates advance to the second round). The sole state he won was Ceará, his home state. However, Cardoso was re-elected with a majority.

2002 presidential candidacy and aftermath[]

During the 2002 presidential election, Ciro looked to be formidable, even passing PSDB candidate José Serra, the main centre-right candidate, at one point in the polls.[43] However, a series of gaffes, most notable a crass joke about his wife Patrícia Pillar,[44] led to his collapse in the polls, and Ciro came in fourth place in the first round, with 12% of the vote.[45] He supported Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round of the 2002 election, and was ultimately chosen to be the Minister for National Integration in Lula's new government.[46] When the PPS' leadership voted to leave the governing coalition in December 2004 that propped up Lula's government, Ciro chose to remain in his post. As a result, the PPS removed him from the party leadership, and he decided to join the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) in 2005. In 2006 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies with 16.19% of the vote, the highest percentage ever achieved by a single candidate in a proportional election.[47]

He has been publicly critical of the efforts to impeach Dilma Rousseff and prosecute of Lula.[48]

2018 presidential election[]

Main article: Ciro Gomes presidential campaign, 2018

Having passed on a presidential campaign in 2010, Ciro announced his long-awaited third bid for the presidency in the 2018 presidential election as the candidate of the PDT. For the position of Vice President, Ciro chose Kátia Abreu, a centre former Minister of Agriculture, as his running mate.

Logo used during Ciro's 2018 presidential campaign.

Political analysts had widely speculated that, since Lula was legally barred from running for president (after his conviction for corruption, under Brazil's "Ficha Limpa" law), Ciro would attract many of Lula's supporters in the 2018 presidential election, and potentially unite a number of left and center-left political parties.[49] His main contender for the left vote was Fernando Haddad, the former Mayor of São Paulo, running as a member of the Workers' Party (PT) with Lula's backing. Polling showed that Ciro would have performed better versus Bolsonaro in the second round than Haddad would have.

While Ciro polled competitively throughout most of the election, Lula's endorsement of Haddad rallied enough of his former voters to support Haddad.[50] As a result, Ciro finished in third place in the first round, only coming in first place in his home state of Ceará.

In the second round, Ciro announced his opposition to right-wing rival Jair Bolsonaro, who he describes as a "fascist" for his pro-military rule statements,[51] but did not formally endorse Haddad.[52] Following the election of Bolsonaro over Haddad, a number of major left figures including Governor Rui Costa of Bahia, a member of the PT, indicated they regret supporting Haddad over Ciro.[53]

Personal life[]

Ciro has lived in Ceará for most of his life, graduating with a degree in law from the Federal University of Ceará.[54] He was a professor of tax law and constitutional law, and wrote three books on political economy: "No País dos Conflitos" ("In the Country of Conflicts", 1994); "O Próximo Passo – Uma Alternativa Prática ao Neoliberalismo" ("The Next Step - A Practical Alternative to Neoliberalism", 1995), co-authored with Harvard professor Roberto Mangabeira Unger; and "Um Desafio Chamado Brasil" ("A Challenge Called Brazil," 2002).

Ciro with his girlfriend Giselle Bezerra.

He was also a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School.[55] He served in the private sector as the President of Transnordestina S/A (a commodities transportation company in Northeastern Brazil), and on the Board of Directors of Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional.[56] Two of his four siblings (Cid Gomes and Ivo Gomes), his father, and his uncle, have all been involved in Brazilian politics.

He was married to his first wife, politician Patrícia Saboya, from 1983 to 1999, with whom he has three children: Lívia, Ciro and Yuri.[57] Like her husband, Patricia Saboya Gomes was also politically active in the Northeastern state of Ceara, including serving as a Federal Deputy and a Senator for the state; the two were seen as political allies. From 1999 to 2011, Ciro was married to Brazilian actress Patrícia Pillar.[58] In 2013, he began a relationship with Zara Castro, with whom he had his fourth child, Gael, in 2015.[59] Ciro is the godfather of his advisor Roberto Mangabeira Unger's eldest child, Gabriel.[60]

Since 2017, his girlfriend has been TV producer Giselle Bezerra; she was previously a dancer on the popular Brazilian TV show Xuxa.[61]

Awards[]

  • Medal of Merit for Defense (Order of Great Cross), awarded by the President, on November 21, 2003.[62]
  • Juscelino Kubitscheck Medal (Highest Order), awarded by the Governor of Minas Gerais, 1997.[62]
  • World Prize from UNICEF - Maurice Pate Leadership for Children Award, 1993.[2]

Published works[]

He has written four books:

  • No País dos Conflitos (1994) - co-authored with Miriam Leitão.
  • O Próximo Passo – Uma Alternativa Prática ao Neoliberalismo (1996) - co-authored with Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
  • Um Desafio Chamado Brasil (2002) - a collection of op-eds written for the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal da Tarde between 1995 and 1999.
  • Projeto Nacional: O Dever Da Esperança (2020) -

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ a b c Brooke, James (14 May 1993). "Brazilian State Leads Way in Saving Children". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
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  4. ^ "Folha de S.Paulo - Por 2010, Lula quer aproximar Ciro do PT - 06/05/2007". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  5. ^ G1, Débora Santos e Fausto CarneiroDo; Brasília, em (23 April 2010). "'Lula está perdendo a humildade', diz Ciro Gomes". Política (in Portuguese). Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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  13. ^ a b S, Matt; June 21, y |; 2018. "AQ INTERVIEW: Ciro Gomes: "Brazil Cannot Endure a Leftist Government"". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 26 December 2020.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  27. ^ "Progressistas saúdam Getúlio e Mitraud chama-o ditador de estimação". Revista Poder (in Portuguese). 24 August 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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  30. ^ ":: Memória Roda Viva - www.rodaviva.fapesp.br ::". www.rodaviva.fapesp.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  31. ^ "Época - NOTÍCIAS - Os incômodos do passado". revistaepoca.globo.com. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  32. ^ "Época - EDG ARTIGO IMPRIMIR - ENTREVISTA: Ciro no ataque". revistaepoca.globo.com. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
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  45. ^ "PDF.js viewer".
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  48. ^ "Ciro Gomes acusa Michel Temer de ser 'capitão do golpe'". Minas Gerais (in Portuguese). 5 December 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  49. ^ Kerche, Fabio. "Brazilian candidate still crushing his rivals from jail". The Conversation. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  50. ^ "Subscribe to read | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Retrieved 26 December 2020. Cite uses generic title (help)
  51. ^ Araujo, Pedro Zambarda de. "Ciro Gomes sobre Bolsonaro: "como todo fascista, [ele] tem dificuldade de lidar com antagonismo"". Diário do Centro do Mundo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  52. ^ "Ciro Gomes sinaliza apoio a Haddad e diz que tem uma certeza: "ele não, sem dúvida"". InfoMoney (in Portuguese). 7 October 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  53. ^ "Um ano depois das eleições: "devíamos ter apoiado o Ciro Gomes"". Plataforma TodosComCiro (in Portuguese). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  54. ^ "Conheça os Deputados". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 May 2018.
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  56. ^ Rizério, Lara (26 January 2015). "Ciro Gomes será o mais novo empregado da CSN, diz jornal". www.infomoney.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  57. ^ "VEJA Mulher". 24 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  58. ^ Gente, iG (24 January 2012). "Patrícia Pillar e Ciro Gomes estão separados desde final de 2011 - Home - iG". Gente (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  59. ^ "Pré-candidato à Presidência do Brasil é flagrado em app de paquera. Quem? – Glamurama" (in Portuguese). 27 July 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  60. ^ "PressReader.com - Connecting People Through News". www.pressreader.com. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  61. ^ Entretenimento, Portal Uai (28 September 2017). "Nova namorada de Ciro Gomes é ex-bailarina de Xuxa". Portal Uai Entretenimento (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  62. ^ a b "Ciro Ferreira Gomes". www.fiec.org.br. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

External links[]

Political offices
Preceded by
Maria Luíza Fontenele
 Mayor of Fortaleza
1989–1990 		Succeeded by
Juraci Magalhães
Preceded by Governor of Ceará
1991–1994 		Succeeded by
Francisco Aguiar
Preceded by Minister of Finance
1994–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of National Integration
2003–2006 		Succeeded by
Pedro Brito
Party political offices
New political party PPS nominee for President of Brazil
1998, 2002 		Most recent
Preceded by PDT nominee for President of Brazil
2018 		Most recent
Retrieved from ""