Clappia umbilicata
Umbilicate pebblesnail | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Drawing of apertural view of the shell and operculum of Clappia umbilicata | |
![]() | |
Drawing of apertural view of the shell of Clappia umbilicata from its type description by Bryant Walker | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia
|
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
(unranked): | |
Superfamily: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | Clappia
|
Species: | †C. umbilicata
|
Binomial name | |
Clappia umbilicata | |
Synonyms[1][4] | |
|
The umbilicate pebblesnail, scientific name Clappia umbilicata, was a species of small freshwater snail that had an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.[5] This species is now extinct.
Distribution[]
This species was endemic to the State of Alabama in the United States.[1] The type locality is the Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.[2]
The distribution of this species used to include: Coosa River at , The Bar and in Chilton County; and in Coosa County, Alabama.[3][6]
Chilton County, Alabama (marked red) where the species was found
Coosa County, Alabama (marked red) where the species was also found
Description[]
This species was discovered and described under the name Somatogyrus umbilicatus by the American malacologist Bryant Walker in 1904.[2] Walker's type description reads as follows:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clappia_umbilicata_radula.png/220px-Clappia_umbilicata_radula.png)
Somatogyrus umbilicatus n. sp. Pl. v, fig. 5.
Shell small, globosely depressed, umbilicate, light greenish-yellow, smooth, except for the fine, rather unequal, lines of growth. Spire short, obtusely elevated. Whorls 3½ those of the spire convex and separated by a well-impressed suture; body whorl large, gibbously convex. Aperture sub-circular, rather longer than broad, obtusely angled above and slightly flattened along the basal margin. Columella concave, narrowly reflected; columellar callus, moderately heavy, rounded, reflected over but not concealing the round, deep umbilicus, thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm.
Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also at above Farmer, Ala.
This species is remarkable for its depressed, valvata-like form and round, deep umbilicus, which readily differentiates it from all other known species of the genus. It does not appear to be very abundant
at Wetumpka, and only a single example was collected at Fort Williams Shoals.
The color of Clappia umbilicata was black.[3] This presumably means that the whole animal including snout, nape, mantle and foot were black.[5] The black color of the mantle was verified by Thompson (1984).[5]
Clappia umbilicata has 56-59 rows of teeth on its radula.[5] Each row has 6-7 central basocones, 6-7 central octocones, 18-21 lateral teeth, ca. 50 inner marginal teeth and ca. 35 outer marginal teeth.[5]
Ecology[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RiverFallsOfTheCoosaRiver.jpg/220px-RiverFallsOfTheCoosaRiver.jpg)
The natural habitat of this species was rivers.[1] Clappia umbilicata inhabited only the rapidly flowing sections of river shoals.[5] The snail died out because of silting of its habitat after the dam was constructed in 1928.[1] (Also see Jordan Dam and Jordan Lake).
Based on examination of the radula, Thompson (1984)[5] hypothesized that Clappia umbilicata grazed on fine particles of plants, specializing on finer-sized particles than those consumed by snails in the genus Somatogyrus.[5]
References[]
This article incorporates public domain text from reference[2][6]
- ^ a b c d e Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia umbilicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000: e.T40046A10310990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T40046A10310990.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Walker B. (1904). "New species of Somatogyrus". The Nautilus 17(12): 133-142. page 137. plate 5, figure 5.
- ^ a b c Walker B. (1909). "New Amnicolidae from Alabama". The Nautilus 22(9): 85-90. page 89.
- ^ Kabat A. R. & Hershler R. (1993). "The prosobranch snail family Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): review of classification and supraspecific taxa". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 547: 1-94. page 18. PDF.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Thompson F. G. (1984). "North American freshwater snail genera of the hydrobiid subfamily Lithoglyphinae". Malacologia 25(1): 109-141.
- ^ a b Clench W. J. (1965). "A new species of Clappia from Alabama". The Nautilus 79(1): 33-34. Figure 2.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clappia umbilicata. |
- IUCN Red List extinct species
- Lithoglyphidae
- Extinct gastropods