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Cobra

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about snakes with the common name cobra. For other uses, see Cobra (disambiguation).

Cobra
Temporal range: Miocene–Holocene
Indiancobra.jpg
Indian cobra (Naja naja) in a defensive posture
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Suborder:
Serpentes
Family:
Elapidae (with some exceptions)

Laurenti, 1768

Cobra is the common name of various elapid snakes, most of which belong to the genus Naja.[1]

Biology

All of the known cobras are venomous and many are capable of rearing upwards and producing a hood when threatened.[2]

Other snakes known as "cobras"

Other "cobra" genera and species are as follows:

  • The rinkhals, ringhals or ring-necked spitting cobra (Hemachatus haemachatus) so-called for its neck band as well as its habit of rearing upwards and producing a hood when threatened[3]
  • The king cobra or hamadryad (Ophiophagus hannah)[4]
  • The two species of tree cobras, Goldie's tree cobra (Pseudohaje goldii) and the black tree cobra (Pseudohaje nigra)[5]
  • The two species of shield-nosed cobras, the Cape coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus) and the shield-nosed cobra (Aspidelaps scutatus)[5]: p.76 
  • The two species of black desert cobras or desert black snakes, Walterinnesia aegyptia and Walterinnesia morgani, neither of which rears upwards and produces a hood when threatened[5]: p.65 
  • The eastern coral snake or American cobra (Micrurus fulvius), which also does not rear upwards and produce a hood when threatened[5]: p.30 

The false water cobra (Hydrodynastes gigas) is the only "cobra" species that is not a member of the Elapidae. It does not rear upwards, produces only a slight flattening of the neck when threatened, and is only mildly venomous.[5]: p.53 

References

  1. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cobra" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 613.
  2. ^ Two kinds of non-venomous snake, the hognose snakes and the striped keelback, also rear upwards and produce hoods but are not considered "cobras"; likewise, some venomous elapid snakes, such as the black mamba, are also capable of producing hoods but are not called "cobras".
  3. ^ Wolfgang Bücherl; Eleanor E. Buckley; Venancio Deulofeu (17 September 2013). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Vertebrates. Elsevier. p. 492. ISBN 978-1-4832-6363-2.
  4. ^ United States. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (2013). Venomous Snakes of the World: A Manual for Use by U. S. Amphibious Forces. Skyhorse. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-62087-623-7.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mark O'Shea (20 February 2008). Venomous Snakes of the World. New Holland. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-84773-086-2.
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