Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège

Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège
Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège
Location
	Wikimedia \| © OpenStreetMap
	Spanish Netherlands
Information
Type	Catholic (Jesuit)
Established	1593 (St Omer), 1762 (Bruges), 1773 (Liège)
Founded by	Fr Robert Parsons SJ
Succeeded by	Stonyhurst College

The Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège were successive expatriate institutions for the Catholic education run by the Jesuits for English students.

Founded in 1593 by Father Robert Parsons SJ as the College of Saint-Omer in Artois, France (then part of the Spanish Netherlands),^[1] the school was forced in the 18th c. to relocate twice due to the suppression of the Jesuit order in Fraance.

It moved to Bruges in 1762 and Liège in 1773. It migrated a third and final time to Stonyhurst in England, where it became Stonyhurst College in 1794.^[1]

Foundation[]

Fr Robert Parsons SJ

During the reign of Elizabeth I religious education for Catholics was subject to penal legislation in England. The English Catholic church had created several colleges in continental Europe to make up for this, at Douai, Rome, and Valladolid, but these primarily addressed the training of priests. Especially the English College, Douai was associated with the faculty of theology of the University of Douai.

Robert Parsons (1546–1610), had been instrumental in founding the English College, Valladolid, but recognised a need for a school for juvenile laymen. Saint-Omer was chosen as a site conveniently close to England, just 24 miles from Calais, and ruled by Catholic Spain as part of Flanders. It was also near the University of Douai, where Catholic scholars had edited and published the Douay–Rheims Bible.

The college was founded in 1593 as the English Jesuit College at St Omer in Flanders (although an alternative tradition dates the founding to 1592).^[2] In 1599, it gained the direct patronage of King Philip of Spain. After an initial period of growth and prosperity, the unrest caused by the English Civil War resulted in a decline in students being sent from England, and the number dropped to as low as 24 in 1645. When stability returned to the English government, the school regained students and revived its programs.

French rule[]

Saint-Omer College English Jesuit chapel

In 1658 Spain formally ceded St. Omer and much of the province of Artois back to France in 1658. The Catholic French monarchy was as friendly to the school as the Spanish crown had been before. As the eighteenth century began, two fires ravaged the town and the university, but each time it was rebuilt, and even expanded. Buildings from the second reconstruction in the 1720s remained in use into the twentieth century. They were used during World War I as a military hospital.

The college enjoyed its greatest period of prosperity from around 1720 to 1762. During the period when formal sworn affiliation with the Church of England was required for students to attend Oxford and Cambridge, St. Omer provided higher education for several generations of English Catholics. Since the colleges founded in the American colonies were also affiliated with the Anglican and other Protestant churches, the wealthier Catholic families (initially primarily from Maryland) sent their young men to St. Omer to be educated.

Bruges, Liège, Stonyhurst[]

Bruges

In 1762, during a time of rising social tensions, France formally expelled the Jesuits from the country. This resulted in the college's decline and eventual end. The expulsion split the college. The Jesuit faculty and many of the students fled to the Austrian Netherlands, now part of modern Belgium, moving first to Bruges, and then to Liège, where the college operated under the protection of the Bishop of Liège from 1773.

King Louis XV continued the college at St. Omer, under the direction of secular clergy. When the Jesuit order was suppressed everywhere in 1773, the dual system ended, but the college never regained its prominence.

Stonyhurst College

In 1793, the French Revolution and the United Kingdom's declaration of war on France ended Saint Omer college. The English faculty and students were imprisoned until February 1795. English penal laws and resulting discrimination had changed and it allowed Catholic education in England. Once released in France, some of the staff and most of the 100 remaining students went to England, to avoid the war on the European continent. An alumnus, Thomas Weld, donated a mansion and grounds at Stonyhurst, in Lancashire.

The modern Stonyhurst College continues to this day as a direct lineal descendant of the College of Saint-Omer. In France, the [Lycée Alexandre Ribot]] was developed on the site of the former Jesuit college in Saint Omer.

Heythrop College, University of London, the now-defunct specialist Philosophy and Theology constituent College of the University of London, shared its (1614) foundation in Liège with Stonyhurst College.

Notable alumni[]

William Ireland

Alumni include: three Saints,^[3] twelve Beati,^[3] and twenty-two martyrs.^[3]

St Philip Evans SJ, executed at Cardiff in 1679.
St Thomas Garnet SJ, protomartyr of St Omers, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, executed at Tyburn in 1608.
St John Plessington, executed at Chester in 1679.
Aedanus Burke, Chief Justice of South Carolina.
Archbishop John Carroll, SJ, first Archbishop of Baltimore and founder of Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., the oldest Catholic university in the United States.
Charles Carroll, Maryland delegate, signer of the Declaration of Independence
Daniel Carroll, brother of John and cousin of Charles, was one of only five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution.
Christopher G. Champlin, politician from Rhode Island
Maurice Ewens, English Jesuit and author
William Ireland, Jesuit
William Matthews, first American-born Catholic priest^[4]
Arthur Murphy, English barrister, journalist, actor, biographer, translator and playwright^[5]
Charles Plowden, Jesuit, teacher and writer. He was chaplain at Lulworth Castle^[6]
Edward Weld of Lulworth Castle, heir and landowner. First husband of Maria Fitzherbert^[7]
John Weld (1743-1759), second son of Edward Weld (Senior)^[7]
Thomas Weld (of Lulworth), fourth son of Edward Weld (1705-1761), bibliophile, philanthropist and great benefactor of English Jesuits^[7]

Rectors and Superiors[]

Edward Petre

Below is a list of College rectors from its foundation until the move to England.^[8] Marmaduke Stone, the last President of Liège, was also the first President of Stonyhurst College. In 1803 he helped to re-establish the Society of Jesus in Britain, beginning at Stonyhurst.

St Omer (1593–1762)

Superior

William Flack SJ (1593–1594)

Rectors

Jean Foucart SJ (1594–1601)

Gilles Schoondonck SJ (1601–1617)

Philippe Dentiers SJ (1617–1621)

William Baldwin SJ (1621–1632)

Thomas Worsley SJ (1632–1637)

Thomas Port SJ (1637–1646)

Edward Courtney SJ (1646–1649)

Henry More SJ (1649–1660)

Richard Barton SJ (1660–1669)

Thomas Cary SJ (1669–1672)

Richard Ashby SJ (1672–1679)

Thomas Stapleton SJ (1679–1683)

John Warner SJ (1683–1688)

Michael Constable SJ (1688–1693)

Edward Petre SJ (1693–1697)

William Walton SJ (1697–1701)

Henry Humberston SJ (1701–1705)

Edward Slaughter SJ (1705–1709)

Richard Plowden SJ (1709–1712)

Louis Sabran SJ (1712–1715)

Francis Powell SJ (1715–1720)

William Darell SJ (1720–1721)

John Turberville SJ (1721–1722)

James Gooden SJ (1722–1725)

Richard Plowden SJ (1725–1728)

Richard Hyde SJ (1728–1731)

Thomas Eccleston SJ (1731–1737)

Marmaduke Constable SJ (1737–1739)

Percy Plowden SJ (1739–1742)

Richard Hyde SJ (1742–1745)

Charles Wells SJ (1745–1748)

Nathaniel Elliott SJ (1748–1752)

John Darell SJ (1752–1759)

Francis Scarisbrick SJ (1759–1762)

Bruges (1762–1773)

Nathaniel Elliott SJ (1762–1766)

Thomas Lawson SJ (1766–1769)

Thomas Stanley SJ (1769–1772)

Thomas Angier SJ (1772–1773)

Liège (1773–1794)

Director

John Howard SJ (1773–1783)

Presidents

William Strickland SJ (1783–1790)

Marmaduke Stone SJ (1790–1794)

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Robert Parsons, Catholic Encyclopaedia (1913). Retrieved 9 July 2008
^ The Authorities of Stonyhurst College, A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others, (Stonyhurst, Lancashire. Third edition 1963) pp.11–12
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst, p.188
^ Warner, William W. (1994). "Part II: The Church". At Peace with All Their Neighbors: Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital, 1787–1860. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1589012431. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
^ Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 89: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Dramatists, Third Series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Paula R. Backscheider, University of Rochester. The Gale Group, 1989. pp. 265–280.
^ Burton, Edwin. "Charles Plowden." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 12, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 12 January 2019
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Whitehead, Maurice (2003). "In the Sincerest Intentions of Studying: The Educational Legacy of Thomas Weld (1750–1810), Founder of Stonyhurst College". Recusant History. 26: 169–193. doi:10.1017/S0034193200030764.
^ T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst College

External links[]

Stonyhurst web site
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "College of Saint Omer" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[cathrob-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Robert Parsons, Catholic Encyclopaedia (1913). Retrieved 9 July 2008

[2] The Authorities of Stonyhurst College, A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others, (Stonyhurst, Lancashire. Third edition 1963) pp.11–12

[T.E._Muir,_Stonyhurst,_p.188-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst, p.188

[4] Warner, William W. (1994). "Part II: The Church". At Peace with All Their Neighbors: Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital, 1787–1860. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1589012431. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.

[5] Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 89: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Dramatists, Third Series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Paula R. Backscheider, University of Rochester. The Gale Group, 1989. pp. 265–280.

[Burton-6] Burton, Edwin. "Charles Plowden." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 12, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 12 January 2019

[Whitehead-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Whitehead, Maurice (2003). "In the Sincerest Intentions of Studying: The Educational Legacy of Thomas Weld (1750–1810), Founder of Stonyhurst College". Recusant History. 26: 169–193. doi:10.1017/S0034193200030764.

[8] T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst College

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