Communist Party of Luxembourg

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Communist Party of Luxembourg
Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg
Leader [lb]
Founded2 January 1921
Split fromLuxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
Headquarters3, rue Zénon Bernard
Esch-sur-Alzette
NewspaperZeitung vum Lëtzebuerger Vollek
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Hard Euroscepticism
Political positionFar-left
International affiliationIMCWP
ICS (defunct)
ColoursRed
Chamber of Deputies
0 / 60
European Parliament
0 / 6
Local councils
2 / 600
Website
www.kp-l.org
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The Communist Party of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg; French: Parti Communiste Luxembourgeois; German: Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs; abbr. KPL or PCL) is a communist party in Luxembourg.  [lb] is the current chairman of the party.

History[]

2018 election poster

The KPL was founded on 2 January 1921, in the town of Niederkorn, making it one of the oldest parties in Luxembourg. In 1937, the Bech government attempted to introduce the so-called Maulkuerfgesetz ("Muzzle law") which would have banned the party. The law was abandoned after failing to achieve popular support in a national referendum.

Following the end of the Second World War, the party, which won 11.1% in the legislative elections, joined the National Union Government (1945–47). Its first minister was Charles Marx. After Marx's death in a 1946 car accident, he was replaced by Dominique Urbany. After the death of the leader of the LSAP, the coalition collapsed. With the principle of an all-inclusive government gone, the KPL was excluded from the next government and never returned another member to the cabinet.

In 1964, the United States State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 500.[1] In legislative elections held in the same year, the party registered 10.4% of the vote, and won five of the Chamber of Deputies' 56 seats. The party's representation in the Chamber peaked at the following election, with six deputies, but fell, until the KPL lost its last remaining deputy in 1994. In the same year a minority opposing the Marxist-Leninist line of the party split and founded the (Luxembourgish: Nei Lénk) together with the rest of the Revolutionary Socialist Party (Luxembourgish: Revolutionär Sozialistesch Partei).

In 1999, the KPL and the New Left agreed to found The Left (Luxembourgish: Déi Lénk). The Left had members of both parties and independents. Accordingly, KPL members ran on The Left lists in the 1999 and 2000 elections and no separate KPL lists existed. After disputes between a majority within the Left and leading KPL members shortly before the 2004 elections the party again ran separate lists. A number of the Left members were subsequently expelled from the KPL.

The KPL is represented locally on the councils of Differdange and Rumelange. In Rumelange it is part of the ruling coalition together with the LSAP.[2] It is the only leftwing majority coalition in Luxembourg.

Election results[]

Year Votes % Elected seats Seats after +/–
1922[a] 6,976 1.0
0 / 25
0 / 48
 Steady
1925 15,443 0.9
0 / 47
 Steady
1928[a] — —
0 / 28
0 / 52
 Steady
1931[a] 6,264 0.7
0 / 27
0 / 54
 Steady
1934[a] 70,940 5.2
1 / 29
1 / 54
 Increase 1
1937[a] — —
0 / 26
0 / 55
 Decrease 1
1945 295,701 11.1
5 / 51
 Increase 5
1948[a] 195,956 14.3
4 / 26
5 / 51
 Steady
1951[a] 35,662 3.2
0 / 26
4 / 52
 Decrease 1
1954 211,171 7.3
3 / 52
 Decrease 1
1959 220,425 7.2
3 / 52
 Steady
1964 330,909 10.4
5 / 56
 Increase 2
1968 402,610 13.1
6 / 56
 Increase 1
1974 314,635 8.8
5 / 59
 Decrease 1
1979 177,286 4.9
2 / 59
 Decrease 3
1984 165,960 4.4
2 / 64
 Steady
1989 157,608 4.4
1 / 60
 Decrease 1
1994 57,646 1.7
0 / 60
 Decrease 1
1999[b] 110,274 3.3
1 / 60
 Increase 1
2004 35,524 0.9
0 / 60
 Decrease 1
2009 49,108 1.4
0 / 60
 Steady
2013 53,669 1.6
0 / 60
 Steady
2018 44,916 1.3
0 / 60
 Steady
  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Partial election. Only half of the seats were up for renewal.
  2. ^ Results for The Left alliance.

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H. (March 1968). "Communism and Economic Development". American Political Science Review. 62 (1): 110–123. doi:10.2307/1953329. JSTOR 1953329.
  2. ^ "Rümelingen: LSAP und KPL wollen neue Wege gehen". Zeitung vum Lëtzebuerger Vollek. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

References[]

  • Ruckert, Ali, Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei Luxemburgs, Teil I: 1921-1946, Esch-sur-Alzette 2006
  • Ruckert, Ali, Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei Luxemburgs, Teil II: 1947-1954, Esch-sur-Alzette 2007
  • Ruckert, Ali, Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei Luxemburgs, Teil III: 1955-1960, Esch-sur-Alzette 2010
  • Wehenkel, Henri, Communisme et postcommunisme au Luxembourg, in: Communisme 2014, 1989-2014 - L'éternel retour des communistes, p. 165-172
  • Wehenkel, Henri, Die Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs. Aufstieg und Fall einer Partei in: Moreau, Patrick/Marc Lazar/Gerhard Hirscher (eds.),Der Kommunismus in Westeuropa, Niedergang oder Mutation?, Landsberg/Lech, 1998, p. 477-497
  • Wehenkel, Henri/ Foetz, Guy/Hoffmann, André, 1921-1981. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei Luxemburgs, Luxembourg 1981
  • Wehenkel, Henri/Redondo, Jean-Laurent/Hoffmann, André/Urbany, Serge, Table ronde: PCL et/ou nouvelle gauche: renouvellement et/ou scission, in: Cahiers Marxistes, No. 201, April–May 1996, p. 121-144

External links[]

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