Cosmophasis
| Cosmophasis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cosmophasis baehrae | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Tribe: | Chrysillini |
| Genus: | Cosmophasis Simon, 1901 |
| Type species | |
| Plexippus thalassinus | |
| Species | |
Cosmophasis is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some species occur in Africa, while most are found in Southeast Asia, down to Australia. Although most species more or less mimic ants, there are also colorful species[1] that follow a different strategy.
C. bitaeniata uses chemical mimicry to be accepted by the aggressive weaver ant species Oecophylla smaragdina.[2]
One species, said to be not a particularly good ant mimic, was observed living near and preying on ants. According to (Murphy & Murphy, 2000), "to watch the spider stalking and killing its prey is an arachnological spectacular".[3]
Description[]
Species in this genus are from 3.80 to 8.00 mm long. The cephalothoraxes are pear-shaped(for some males) or rectangular. [4]
Taxonomy[]
As of November 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[5]
- Berland & Millot, 1941 – Guinea
- Schenkel, 1944 – Timor
- Cosmophasis ambonensis Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Ambon Island
- Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Caroline Islands
- Cosmophasis baehrae Zabka & Waldock, 2012 - Australia
- Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 - Solomon Islands
- Cosmophasis bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882) – New Guinea, Australia, Micronesia
- (Simon, 1898) – New Hebrides
- Berland & Millot, 1941 – Ivory Coast
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Queensland)
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- (Thorell, 1890) – Java
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Northern Territory)
- Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
- Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Caporiacco, 1936 – Libya
- Cosmophasis gemmans (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Is.
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis lami Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Fiji
- (Thorell, 1892) – Sumatra
- Simon, 1903 – Vietnam
- Simon, 1910 – Gabon
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Islands
- Strand, 1911 – Aru Islands
- Merian, 1911 – Sulawesi
- Cosmophasis micans (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
- Cosmophasis micarioides (L. Koch, 1880) – New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands
- (Simon, 1888) – Andaman Islands
- (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
- (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- (Simon, 1885) – Egypt, Ethiopia-->
- (Keyserling, 1882) – Queensland
- Cosmophasis olorina (Simon, 1901) – Sri Lanka
- (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Krakatau)
- Strand, 1911 – Kei Islands
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar
- Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia
- (Simon, 1885) – Singapore
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Berland, 1938 – New Hebrides
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
- Cosmophasis squamata Kulczyński, 1910 – Solomon Islands, Seychelles
- Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis thalassina (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Malaysia to Australia
- Simon, 1910 – Bioko
- Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- (L. Koch, 1880) – Palau Is.
- Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
- Cosmophasis umbratica Simon, 1903 – India to Sumatra
- Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010 – Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is.)
- (Doleschall, 1859) – Sumatra to New Guinea
- Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
- (Simon, 1899) – Sumatra
In 2012, Marek Żabka and Julianne Waldock proposed 5 new species groups, it being the C.thalassina species group, C. bitaeniata species group, C. micarioides species group, C. tristriatus species group, and the C. rakata species group.[4] Formerly placed in this genus include:[5]
- Cosmophasis australis Simon, 1902 →
- Cosmophasis caerulea Simon, 1901 →
- Cosmophasis fagei Lessert, 1925 →
- Cosmophasis quadrimaculata Lawrence, 1942 →
References[]
- ^ Jerzy Proszynski: Cosmophasis
- ^ Nelson, Ximena .J; Jackson, Robert R.; Edwards, G.B.; Barrion, Alberto T. (2006). "Living with the enemy: jumping spiders that mimic weaver ants" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 33: 813–819.
- ^ Murphy, John; Murphy, Frances (01/01/2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society. ASIN 9839681176.
{{cite book}}: Check|asin=value (help); Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b Żabka, Marek; Waldock, Julianne (2012). "Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901" (PDF). Annales Zoologici. 62 (1): 115–198. doi:10.3161/000345412X633694. eISSN 1734-1833. ISSN 0003-4541. S2CID 84374906.
- ^ a b "Gen. Cosmophasis Simon, 1901". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
Further reading[]
- Allan, R.A. & Elgar, M.A. (2001): Exploitation of the green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, by the salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata. Australian Journal of Zoology 49: 129–137.
- Allan, R.A., Capon, R.J., Brown, W.V. & Elgar, M.A. (2002): Mimicry of host cuticular hydrocarbons by salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata that preys on larvae of tree ants Oecophylla smaragdina. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 835–848. doi:10.1023/A:1015249012493
- Elgar, M.A. & Allan, R.A. (2006): Chemical mimicry of the ant Oecophylla smaragdina by the myrmecophilous spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata: Is it colony-specific? Journal of Ethology 24(3): 239-246. doi:10.1007/s10164-005-0188-9
External links[]
Categories:
- Salticidae genera
- Spiders of Africa
- Spiders of Asia
- Spiders of Australia
- Salticidae