Cotton bale

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A bale of cotton on display at the Louisiana State Cotton Museum in Lake Providence in East Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana

A Cotton bale is a standard-sized and weighted pack of compressed cotton lint after ginning. The dimensions and weight may vary with different cotton-producing countries.[1]

Significance[]

A bale has an essential role from the farm to the factory. The cotton yield is calculated in terms of the number of bales.[2] Bale is a standard packaging method for cotton to avoid various hassles in handling, packing, and transportation. The bales also protect the lint from foreign contamination and make them readily identifiable.[3]

Standards[]

Bale[]

A "bale of cotton" is also the standard trading unit for cotton on the wholesale national and international markets. Although different cotton-growing countries have their bale standards, for example, In the United States, cotton is usually measured at approximately 0.48 cubic meters (17 cubic feet) and weighs 226.8 kilograms (500 pounds).[4] In India, the standard bale size is 170 kg.[5][6][7][8]

Parameters[]

The most important parameters of a cotton bale are:

  • Density (448 kg/m3)[7]
  • Measurements of the bales (nominally 1.40 X 0.53 X 0.69 m)[9][7]
  • Weight (Varies, but ‘statistical’ bale weighs 480 lbs.)[7]
Country-wise bale weight[8]
Sr.No. Country Bale in Kgs
1 Australia 227
2 Colombia 233
3 Egypt 327
4 India 170[10]
5 Pakistan 170
6 Mexico 230
7 Nigeria 185
8 South Africa 200
9 Sudan 191
10 Tanzania 181
11 Uganda 181
12 United States of America 225

Advances in standardization are reducing the variation in weights, sizes, dimensions, and densities of cotton bales.[5][11]

Candy[]

Candy is another trading unit. A candy weighs approximately 2.09 bales (356 kg).[12] In India, ginned cotton is traded in terms of candy also which weighs 356 kg (355.62 kg).[13][14][8]

Trash[]

When cotton is harvested and exposed to ginning, it carries more than 64% cottonseed, 2% waste and 34% fibrous matter (also known as lint).[15] Lower trash percentage in cotton increases the recovery.[16] Cotton bales are not pure cotton; they contain foreign contaminants, residual trash and leaf (and other non lint material) that have a direct impact on the recovery in yarn spinning.[17][18]

Gallery[]

Cotton cultivation[]

  • Cotton Field at Singalandapuram, Rasipuram, India (2017)

  • Cotton field

  • Cotton plant

Harvesting[]

  • BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA) READY FOR HARVEST.jpg

  • A cotton field, late in the season

  • Cotton plowing in Togo, 1928

  • Picking cotton in Armenia in the 1930s. No cotton is grown there today.

  • A group of Egyptian fellahs picking cotton by hand

  • Hand picking cotton (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)

  • A module builder

  • Cotton modules in a harvested cotton field (Clinch County, Georgia, USA, January 2014).

  • Case IH Module Express 625 picks cotton and simultaneously builds cotton modules

  • Cotton modules in Australia (2007)

Ginning and bale making[]

  • A model of a 19th-century cotton gin on display at the Eli Whitney Museum in Hamden, Connecticut

  • Diagram of a modern cotton gin plant, displaying numerous stages of production

  • Modern ginning machines in working

  • Cotton bales at the port in Bombay, India, 1860's.

  • Cotton ready for shipment, Houston, Texas (postcard, circa 1911)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Turner, Joseph Addison (1865). The Cotton Planter's Manual: Being a Compilation of Facts from the Best Authorities on the Culture of Cotton; Its Natural History, Chemical Analysis, Trade, and Consumption; and Embracing a History of Cotton and the Cotton Gin. Judd. p. 273.
  2. ^ "Cotton Corporation of India". cotcorp.org.in. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
  3. ^ Forestry, United States Congress Senate Committee on Agriculture and (1928). Standardized Bales of Cotton: Hearing, Seventieth Congress, First Session, on S. 872, a Bill to Standardize Bales of Cotton and Requiring Sale of Cotton by the True Net Weight of Bale. May 16, 1928. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 100.
  4. ^ National Cotton Council of America, "U.S. Cotton Bale Dimensions Archived 6 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine" (accessed 5 October 2013).
  5. ^ a b "Cotton imports may rise four fold as record exports deplete stocks". The Financial Express. 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
  6. ^ "Cotton - International Year of Natural Fibres". 2011-09-03. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
  7. ^ a b c d "Measurements - The Farm Hub - Textile Exchange". farmhub.textileexchange.org. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  8. ^ a b c "Conversion factors". www.cottonguide.org. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  9. ^ "U.S. Cotton Fiber Chart - Bale Sizes". Cotton Incorporated. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  10. ^ COTTON SECTOR
  11. ^ 14:00-17:00. "ISO 8115:1986". ISO. Retrieved 2021-02-25.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "MCX traders can see cotton prices in candy too". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  13. ^ Vora, Rutam. "Cotton trade may soon have uniform unit of measurement". @businessline. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
  14. ^ "Cotton Rate, Today's Cotton Price in India: Cotton News on Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  15. ^ Akroyd, H. David (2017-10-24). Agriculture and Rural Development Planning: A Process in Transition. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-351-96010-6.
  16. ^ Kolanjikombil, Mathews (2018). The Substrates: Fibres, Yarn and Fabrics. Woodhead Publishing India Pvt Limited. p. 21. ISBN 978-93-85059-90-2.
  17. ^ Division, United States Agricultural Marketing Service Cotton (1965). The Classification of Cotton. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 9.
  18. ^ Morris, John; Wilkinson, F. W. (1897). The Elements of Cotton Spinning. Longmans.
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