Cuoi language
 | This article or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}} or {{transl}} (or {{IPA}} or similar for phonetic transcriptions), with an appropriate ISO 639 code. (June 2021) |
| Cuói | |
|---|---|
| Thổ | |
| Native to | Vietnam, Laos |
| Ethnicity | Thổ |
Native speakers | 71,000 (1999 census)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aemtou |
| Glottolog | cuoi1242 |
| ELP | |
| Linguasphere | 46-EAD-a |
Cuói, known as Thổ,[2] is a dialect cluster spoken by around 70,000 Thổ people in Vietnam and a couple thousand in Laos, mainly in the provinces of Bolikhamsai and Khammouane.
Phonology[]
Làng Lỡ dialect[]
Consonants[]
The consonant inventory of the Làng Lỡ dialect, as cited by Michel Ferlus:[3]
Initial consonants of Cuối Làng Lỡ Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal [m] [n] [ɲ] [ŋ] Stop tenuis [p] [t] [ʈ] [c] [k] [ʔ] glottalized [ɓ] [ɗ] [ˀɟ] aspirated [tʰ] [kʰ] Fricative voiceless [f] [s] [ʂ] [h] voiced [β] [v] [ð] [ɣ] glottalized [ˀð] Approximant [l] [ɽ ~ ʐ] [j]
- [ʈ] is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial /ʈ/ (orthographic [tr])
- [β ð ɣ ˀð] originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.
Vowels[]
Monothongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ Front Central Back Close [i] [ɨ] [u] Close-mid/
Mid[e] [ə] [o] Open-mid/
Open[ɛ] [ʌ̆]
[ă] [a][ɔ]
| Diphthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ | iə | ɨə | uə | eə | oə |
|---|
Tones[]
There're eight tones in the Làng Lỡ. Tones 1 to 6 are found on sonorant-final syllables (a.k.a. 'live' syllables): syllables ending in a vowel, semi-vowel or nasal. Tones 7 and 8 are found on obstruent-final syllables (a.k.a. 'stopped' syllables), ending in -p -t -c -k.[3] This is a system comparable to that of Vietnamese.
Vocabulary[]
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The data is from Cuoi Cham vocabulary recordings and the Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.
| English | Cuối Chăm | Làng Lỡ | Vietnamese |
|---|---|---|---|
| cloud | mʌl1 | mʌn1 | mây |
| rain | mɐː² | mɨə1 | mưa |
| wind | sɒː³ | juə³ | gió |
| thunder | kʰrʌm⁴ | ʂəm⁴ | sấm |
| earth, land | tʌt⁷ | tʌt⁷ | đất |
| cave | haːŋ1 | haːŋ1 | hang |
| deep | kʰruː² | ʂuː² | sâu |
| water | daːk⁷ | daːk⁷ | nước |
| river | kʰrɔŋ1 | ʂɔːŋ1 | sông |
| puddle | puŋ⁶ | - | vũng |
| mud | puːl² | vuːn² | bùn |
| rock, stone | taː³ | δaː³ | đá |
| bark | pɒː⁵ | ʂɔː56 | vỏ |
| dog | cɒː³ | cɔː³ | chó |
| cultivated field | rɔːŋ⁴ | ʂɔːŋ⁴ | ruộng |
| to go | tiː² | tiː² | đi |
| to have | kɒː³ | kɔː³ | có |
References[]
- ^ Cuói at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ^ "The Vietic Branch". sealang.net.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ferlus, Michel 2015, I.2
Further reading[]
- Ferlus, Michel (2015). Hypercorrections in the Thổ dialect of Làng Lỡ (Nghệ An, Vietnam): an example of pitfalls for comparative linguistics (Ph.D.).
- Nguyen, Huu Hoanh and Nguyen Van Loi (2019). Tones in the Cuoi Language of Tan Ki District in Nghe An Province, Vietnam [1]. The Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 12.1:lvii-lxvi.
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Categories:
- Languages of Laos
- Languages of Vietnam
- Vietic languages