Tày language
Tày | |
---|---|
Phuối Tày, Thổ | |
Native to | Vietnam |
Ethnicity | Tày |
Native speakers | 1.63 million (2009)[1] |
Latin (modified Vietnamese alphabet) Sawndip | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tyz |
Glottolog | tayy1238 |
Tày or Thổ (a name shared with the unrelated Thổ and Cuoi languages) is the major Tai language of Vietnam, spoken by more than a million Tày people in Northeastern Vietnam.
Varieties[]
Tày linguistic varieties include the following:[2][3]
- Tày Bảo Lạc – spoken in Bảo Lạc District, western Cao Bang province.
- Tày Trùng Khánh – spoken in Trùng Khánh District, northeastern Cao Bang province.
- Thu Lao or Dai Zhuang varieties are considered to be a different language.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | pʲ | t | c | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | pʰʲ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | bʲ | d | ||||
implosive | ɓ | ɓʲ | ɗ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | x | h | ||
voiced | v | z | ɣ | ||||
lateral | ɬ | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
- The Cao Bẳng Tày dialect is the only variety to have the sounds /j w r ɣ b d bʲ/.
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɯ | u | |
High-mid | e | o | ||
Mid | ə əː | |||
Low-mid | ɛ | ɐ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | ie | ɯə | uo |
- There are also three semivowels [u̯ i̯ ɯ̯] that mainly occur in syllable-coda position in combination with other vowel sounds. [u̯ i̯] are typically realized as consonant sounds [w j]. [u̯] follows front vowels /i e ɛ/ and central vowels /ə a ɐ/. [i̯] follows back vowels /u o ɔ/ as well as central vowels /ə a ɐ/. However, [ɯ̯] only follows /ə/.[4]
Tones[]
Six tones are present in Cao Bẳng Tày:
a̋ | ˥ |
a᷄ | ˦˥ |
á | ˦ |
ā | ˧ |
à | ˨ |
a᷆ | ˨˩ |
References[]
- ^ Tày at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ^ Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B., eds. (1997). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
- ^ "Map & Language Descriptions". Lesser Known Indigenous Languages of Northern Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
- ^ Văn Ma, Hoàng (1997). "The Sound System of The Tày Language of Cao Bắng Province, Vietnam". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai branch. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. pp. 221–231.
Tày language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
Categories:
- Languages of Vietnam
- Tai languages