Cydia (moth)

Cydia
	Imago (above) and caterpillar (below) of the codling moth (C. pomonella)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Tortricidae
Tribe:	Grapholitini
Genus:	Cydia; Hübner, 1825
Type species
	Phalaena (Tortrix) pomonella; Linnaeus, 1758
Diversity
	About 215 species (but see text)
Synonyms
	Numerous, see text

Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillars inflict as pests of agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their food plants.

Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth (C. saltitans), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping beans".

Species[]

Roughly 215 species are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:^[2]

(Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia adenocarpi (Ragonot, 1875)
Diakonoff, 1983
(Diakonoff, 1976)
(Fernald, 1879)
Cydia albipicta (Sauter, 1968)
(Caradja, 1916)
(Walsingham, 1879)
Cydia amplana – rusty oak moth
(Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia anaranjada – slash pine seedworm moth
Diakonoff, 1987
(Meyrick, 1921)
(Pastrana, 1951)
Diakonoff, 1986
(Staudinger, 1871)
Chambon & Frérot, 1985
(Walsingham, 1903)
(Fernald in Comstock, 1881)
Rose & Pooni, 2003
(Meyrick, 1911)
(Kuznetzov, 1972)
(Forbes, 1923)
(Rebel, 1910)
Cydia caryana – hickory shuckworm moth
(Clarke, 1976)
(Diakonoff, 1971)
Cydia chelias (Meyrick, 1907)
Cydia chlorostola (possibly extinct)
Cydia cognatana (Barrett, 1874)
Kearfott, 1907
(Danilevsky, 1963)
(McDunnough, 1935)
Cydia conicolana (Heylaerts, 1874)
Cydia coniferana (Saxesen in Ratzeburg, 1840)
(Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia conspicua
(Tengstrom, 1869)
Cydia corollana (Hübner, [1823])
Cydia cosmophorana
(McDunnough, 1935)
Cydia crassicornis (possibly extinct)
(Issiki in Issiki & Mutuura, 1961)
Kearfott, 1907
Cydia curiosa Razowski, 2009
Schönherr, 1987
Liu & Yan, 1998
Burmann & Pröse, 1988
(Diakonoff, 1976)
(Meyrick, 1916)
Liu, 1992
(Razowski, 1966)
(Kuznetzov, 1973)
(Meyrick, 1922)
Pröse, 1988
(Chrétien, 1915)
Diakonoff, 1983
Diakonoff, 1987
(Clarke, 1976)
Cydia duplicana
(Diakonoff, 1976)
Cydia ergoda Razowski, 2013
(Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
(Heinrich, 1923)
(Meyrick, 1934)
Walsingham, 1914
Walsingham, 1914
(Rebel, 1889)
(Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia fagiglandana – beech moth
(Thunberg, 1797)
Cydia falsifalcellum
(Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
(Kearfott, 1907)
(Heinrich, 1926)
(Riley, 1881)
(Kearfott, 1907)
(Staudinger, 1859)
Cydia glandicolana
(Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia grunertiana (Ratzeburg, 1868)
(Meyrick, 1913)
Cydia gypsograpta (possibly extinct)
Cydia honorana (Herrich-Schffer, 1851)
(Diakonoff, 1971)
(Walsingham, 1903)
(Kuznetzov in Ler^{[verification needed]}, 1986)
Cydia illutana
Cydia indivisa
(Walsingham, 1900)
(Meyrick, 1916)
(Walker, 1863)
Cydia ingens – longleaf pine seedworm moth
(Heinrich, 1926)
(Heinrich, 1926)
(Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia inquinatana
(Möschler, 1866)
(Kawabe, 1980)
Kawabe, 1980
Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
(Oku, 1968)
(Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia kurokoi – nut fruit tortrix
(Miller, 1976)
(Capuse^{[verification needed]}, 1970)
Heppner, 1981
(Busck, 1916)
(Kuznetzov, 1960)
(Walsingham, 1895)
Cydia latifemoris
Cydia latiferreana – filbertworm moth (sometimes separated in Melissopus)
Miller, 1986
(Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia leguminana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846)
(Busck, 1916)
(Hofmann, 1898)
Cydia leucostoma – tea flush worm
(Danilevsky, 1963)
(Meyrick, 1920)
Pröse & Sutter, 1973
(Kuznetzov, 1973)
Cydia medicaginis – alfalfa moth
(Kuznetzov, 1972)
Diakonoff, 1983
(Heinrich, 1926)
Walsingham, 1914
Cydia microgrammana (Guenée, 1845)
Cydia millenniana – larch gall moth
(Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia montana
Miller, 1986
(Kuznetzov, 1962)
(Kearfott, 1907)
(Chrétien, 1915)
(Diakonoff, 1976)
(Rebel in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1896)
(Meyrick, 1926)
(Miller, 1966)
Cydia nigricana – pea moth
Dyar, 1903
(Meyrick, 1917)
Cydia obliqua (may belong in C. plicatum)
(Heinrich, 1926)
(Meyrick, 1922)
Kuznetzov, 1992
Diakonoff, 1983
Razowski, 1995
Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912)
Cydia pactolana – spruce bark tortrix
(Heinrich, 1928)
(Obraztsov, 1943)
Cydia parapteryx
(Stanoiu & Neme, 1974)
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1938)
(Kuznetzov, 1962)
(Meyrick, 1920)
Diakonoff, 1983
Walsingham, 1914
(Meyrick, 1922)
(Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
(Meyrick, 1912)
Miller, 1986
Cydia piperana – ponderosa pine seedworm moth
Cydia plicatum (may include C. obliqua, C. storeella)
(Staudinger, 1871)
Cydia pomonella – codling moth
(Busck, 1916)
(Meyrick, 1911)
(Kearfott, 1907)
Clarke, 1986
(Evans, 1969)
Durrant in Walsingham, 1914
(Meyrick, 1920)
(Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia pyrivora – pear fruit moth, pear tortricid
(Forbes, 1924)
(Meyrick, 1928)
(Meyrick, 1928)
(Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia rufipennis
Cydia saltitans – jumping bean moth
Diakonoff, 1986
(Kuznetzov, 1973)
(Kuznetzov, 1962)
(Kennel, 1901)
Cydia servillana (Duponchel in Godart, 1836)
(Diakonoff, 1969)
Walsingham, 1914
(Kuznetzov, 1970)
Cydia splendana – chestnut tortrix, acorn moth
(Meyrick, 1930)
(Meyrick, 1926)
Cydia storeella (possibly extinct or belongs in C. plicatum)
(Caradja, 1916)
(Kennel, 1899)
Cydia strobilella – spruce seed moth
Cydia succedana
(Rebel in Rebel & Zerny, 1928)
(Kearfott, 1907)
(Meyrick, 1914)
(Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia toreuta – eastern pine seedworm moth
(Clarke, 1972)
(Meyrick, 1928)
Diakonoff, 1988
Schönherr, 1987
Pröse, 1988
Kuznetzov, 1992
Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
Chambon in Chambon, Witzgall & Bengtsson, 1993
Cydia ulicetana
(Diakonoff, 1957)
(Meyrick, 1936)
(Sauter, 1968)
Cydia walsinghamii
Cydia zebeana – larch bark moth

Former species[]

Cydia euryteles (Meyrick, 1936)

Synonyms[]

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Cydia are:^[1]^[4]

Adenoneura Walsingham, 1907
Carpocampa Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation)
Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1829
Cerata Stephens, 1852
Coccyx Treitschke, 1829
Collicularia Obraztsov, 1960
Crobilophora (lapsus)
Crobylophora Kennel, 1910 (non Meyrick, 1880: preoccupied)
Danilevskia Kuznetzov, 1970
Dicraniana Diakonoff, 1984
Erminea Kirby & Spence, 1826
Erminia (lapsus)
Hedulia Heinrich, 1926
Kenneliola Paclt, 1951
Lasperesia (lapsus)
Laspeyresia Hübner, 1825 (non R.L., 1817: preoccupied)
Lespeyresia (lapsus)
Melisopus (lapsus)
Melissopus Riley, 1882
Melliopus (lapsus)
Mellisopus (lapsus)
Mellissopus (lapsus)
Phanetoprepa Obraztsov, 1968
Pseudotomoides Obraztsov, 1959
Semasia Stephens, 1829
Strobila Sodoffsky, 1837 (non Sars, 1829: preoccupied)

In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes^[3] listed as junior synonyms of Cydia, but the type species of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana), and that of the third is (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).^[5]

References[]

^ ^a ^b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Cydia account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
^ ^a ^b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
^ ^a ^b Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
^ ^a ^b Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
^ Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Pammene account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Apr-19.

External links[]

[baixa-1] Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Cydia account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.

[baixb-2] Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.

[saxa-3] Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.

[saxb-4] Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.

[5] Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Pammene account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Apr-19.

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