Grapholita
Grapholita | |
---|---|
Adult (above) and caterpillar (below) of the plum fruit moth (G. funebrana) from the Nordisk familjebok. Scale is 1 cm. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Tortricidae |
Subfamily: | Olethreutinae |
Tribe: | Grapholitini |
Genus: | Grapholita Treitschke, 1829 |
Type species | |
"Pyralis dorsana" sensu Treitschke, 1829 (see text)
| |
Diversity | |
126 species | |
Synonyms | |
Numerous, see text |
Grapholita is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.[1]
Taxonomy and systematics[]
Georg Friedrich Treitschke established Grapholita in 1829 – in the 7th volume of Schmetterlinge von Europa, with a type species he claimed to be "Pyralis dorsana", a taxon established by Johan Christian Fabricius in his 1775 Systema Entomologiae. But Treitschke was misled by Jacob Hübner's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.[2]
The actual P. dorsana is today known as Dichrorampha petiverella, as it had already been described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 edition of Systema Naturae as Phalaena (Tinea) petiverella. The "Pyralis dorsana" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as Tortrix lunulana by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775, which thus is today Grapholita lunulana.[3]
Species[]
Grapholita currently has 126 recognised species, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against Cydia is in need of further study:[4]
- (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
- Grapholita amphitorna (Turner, 1916)
- Grapholita andabatana[5] (Wolff, 1957)
- (Kearfott, 1907)
- (Meyrick, 1911)
- Diakonoff, 1988
- Kuznetzov, 1992
- Diakonoff, 1976
- Grapholita aureolana[5] Tengstrom, 1848
- Caradja, 1916
- (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
- (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
- McDunnough, 1942
- Grapholita caecana[5] Schläger, 1848
- Walsingham, 1879
- (Meyrick, 1907)
- Diakonoff, 1975
- (Matsumura, 1917)
- Diakonoff, 1976
- Kuznetzov, 1988
- Grapholita compositella[5] – clover seed moth
- (Walker, 1863)
- Walsingham, 1879
- [5] Lienig & Zeller, 1846
- Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
- Liu & Yan, 1998
- (Meyrick, 1907)
- Liu & Yan, 1998
- Grapholita decolorana[6] Walker, 1863
- Grapholita delineana[5] Walker, 1863
- Diakonoff, 1983
- [5] (Walsingham, 1900)
- Kuznetzov, 1972
- Komai, 1979
- Grapholita discretana[5] Wocke in Staudinger & Wocke, 1861
- Zeller, 1863
- (Kearfott, 1907)
- Grapholita dysaethria Diakonoff, 1982
- Zeller, 1875
- (Kearfott, 1907)
- (Meyrick, 1907)
- Kuznetzov, 1972
- (Kearfott, 1907)
- Snellen, 1883
- Grapholita fissana[5] (Frölich, 1828)
- (Meyrick, 1928)
- (Meyrick, 1881)
- Grapholita funebrana[5] – plum fruit moth
- (Walsingham, 1900)
- Grapholita gemmiferana[5] Treitschke, 1835
- Liu & Yan, 1998
- Liu & Yan, 1998
- [5] (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962)
- Grapholita gypsothicta (Meyrick, 1938)
- Kennel, 1901
- Diakonoff, 1976
- Blanchard & Knudson, 1984
- (Meyrick, 1909)
- (Meyrick, 1928)
- Grapholita hymenosa Razowski, 2013
- Heinrich, 1926
- Heinrich, 1928
- Grapholita internana[5]
- (Clemens, 1860)
- (Meyrick, 1881)
- Grapholita isacma (Meyrick, 1907)
- Grapholita janthinana[5] (Duponchel in Godart, 1835)
- (Matsumura, 1931)
- Kuznetzov, 1971
- (Walsingham, 1900)
- Grapholita jungiella[5]
- Rose & Pooni, 2003
- Kuznetzov, 1976
- (Kearfott, 1907)
- [5] Rebel, 1903
- Kuznetzov, 1972
- Komai, 1999
- [5] (Hübner, [1813][verification needed])
- Heinrich, 1926
- Diakonoff, 1969
- Grapholita lobarzewskii[5] (Nowicki, 1860)
- Walsingham, 1879
- Grapholita lunulana[5] (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Diakonoff, 1984
- (Meyrick, 1932)
- Diakonoff, 1969
- (Meyrick, 1911)
- Grapholita molesta[5] – Oriental fruit moth, peach moth
- Diakonoff, 1976
- Grapholita nebritana[5] Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830
- [5] Snellen, 1883
- Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
- Grapholita obliqua Diakonoff, 1982
- Komai, 1999
- Kuznetzov, 1988
- (Meyrick, 1912)
- Kuznetzov, 1992
- Kuznetzov, 1988
- Grapholita orobana[5] Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830
- Zeller, 1875
- Bradley, 1961
- Grapholita pallifrontana[5]
- (Meyrick, 1881)
- Kuznetzov, 1971
- (Walsingham, 1900)
- (Meyrick, 1912)
- (Walsh, 1868)
- (Meyrick, 1936)
- Diakonoff, 1969
- Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
- Grapholita schizodelta Diakonoff, 1982
- Christoph, 1882
- (Walker, 1866)
- Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
- Liu & Chen, 2000
- Diakonoff, 1978
- (Meyrick, 1922)
- Diakonoff, 1983
- Grapholita tenebrosana[5] Duponchel in Godart, 1842
- (Turner, 1925)
- Eiseman & Austin, 2020
- (Turner, 1946)
- (Meyrick, 1914)
- Dianokoff, 1976
- Pagenstecher, 1900
- Grapholita tristrigana (Clemens, 1865)
- Kuznetzov, 1988
- Walsingham, 1879
- Komai, 1999
- (Meyrick, 1881)
- Grapholita zariae Razowski, 2013
Synonyms[]
Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Grapholita are:[7]
- Aspila Stephens, 1834
- Coptoloma Lederer, 1859
- Ebisma Walker, 1866
- Endopisa Guenée, 1845
- Endopsia (lapsus)
- Endopiza (lapsus)
- Ephippiophora (lapsus)
- Ephippiphora Duponchel, 1834
- Eudopisa (lapsus)
- Euspila Stephens, 1834
- Grapholitha Treitschke, 1830 (unjustified emendation)
- Grapholltha (lapsus)
- Opadia Guenée, 1845
- Stigmonota Guenée, 1845
Footnotes[]
- ^ Baixeras et al. (2009a)
- ^ Treitschke, (1829), Baixeras et al. (2009a)
- ^ Baixeras et al. (2009a,c)
- ^ Baixeras et al. (2009b)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Sometimes placed in Cydia: see e.g. references in Savela (2005a)
- ^ "'Grapholita' decolorana Archives". Australian Moths Online. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
- ^ Baixeras et al. (2009a), and see references in Savela (2005b)
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grapholita. |
- Baixeras, J.; Brown, J. W. & Gilligan, T. M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Grapholita account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- Baixeras, J.; Brown, J. W. & Gilligan, T. M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Grapholita species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- Baixeras, J.; Brown, J. W. & Gilligan, T. M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Dichrorampha petiverella. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
- Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms – Cydia. Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms – Grapholita. Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Treitschke, Georg Friedrich (1829): [Genus Grapholita]. In: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa (Siebenter Band. Zünsler. G[enera] Herminia-Ennychia.): 232. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig. Fulltext at the Internet Archive
- Grapholitini
- Tortricidae genera
- Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke