Cyphostemma

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Cyphostemma
Cyphostemma juttae IMG 2792.JPG
Cyphostemma juttae
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Vitales
Family: Vitaceae
Tribe: Cayratieae
Genus: Cyphostemma
(Planch.) Alston
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Cyphostemma is a flowering plant genus in the family Vitaceae, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These species are caudiciform and used to belong to the genus Cissus.[1] The genus name comes from Greek kyphos, meaning hump, and stemma, meaning garland.

Within the Vitaceae, Cyphostemma is most closely related to Cayratia and Tetrastigma.[2] All species of Cyphostemma were once included in the genus Cissus but are now considered to be distinct.[3]

Distribution[]

They originate from Northeast Africa to southern Arabia,[3] in particular from Madagascar through to Indochina.

Species[]

The largest species in the genus is the so-called "Mauritian Baobab" (Cyphostemma mappia), a case of "island gigantism".
Cyphostemma berries, here on Cyphostemma bainesii
in cultivation
  1. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  2. Desc.
  3. (Fresen.) Desc.
  4. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  5. (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  6. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  7. (Sprague) Desc.
  8. (Planch.) Desc.
  9. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  10. (Schweinf. ex Planch.) Desc.
  11. Desc.
  12. (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  13. Desc.
  14. (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  15. (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  16. C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  17. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  18. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  19. (Chiov.) Vollesen
  20. Verdc.
  21. (Baker) Desc.
  22. Vollesen
  23. (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  24. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  25. (De Wild.) Compère
  26. (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  27. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  28. Vollesen
  29. (Dewit) Desc.
  30. Desc.
  31. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  32. (Welw.ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  33. (Gilg) Desc.
  34. C. cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  35. (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  36. (auct.) Desc.
  37. (Lam.) Desc.
  38. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  39. Desc.
  40. Thulin
  41. (Baker) Desc.
  42. (Planch.) Desc.
  43. Desc.
  44. (Chiov.) Desc.
  45. C. crotalarioides (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  46. Verdc.
  47. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  48. C. currorii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  49. (Baker) Desc.
  50. (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
  51. (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  52. Verdc.
  53. (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  54. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  55. (Dewit) Desc.
  56. Desc.
  57. (Chiov.) Vollesen
  58. Lavie
  59. (Dewit) Desc.
  60. (Forssk.) Desc.
  61. (Planch.) Desc.
  62. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  63. Desc.
  64. (Gilg) Desc.
  65. Desc.
  66. (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  67. (Gilg) Desc.
  68. (Gilg) Desc.
  69. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  70. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  71. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  72. (Baker) Desc.
  73. (Sprague) Desc.
  74. (Bojer ex Planch.) Desc.
  75. (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  76. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  77. (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
  78. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  79. Desc.
  80. (Werderm.) Desc.
  81. Verdc.
  82. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  83. (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  84. Verdc.
  85. Desc.
  86. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  87. Retief
  88. (Dewit) Desc.
  89. (Schinz) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  90. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  91. (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  92. (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  93. (De Wild.) Desc.
  94. Desc.
  95. (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  96. (N.E.Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  97. (Gilg) Desc.
  98. (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  99. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  100. Verdc.
  101. (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  102. C. juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  103. (Mullend. ex Dewit) Desc.
  104. (Dewit) Desc.
  105. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  106. Verdc.
  107. (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  108. (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  109. (Dewit) Desc.
  110. (Gilg) Desc.
  111. Malaisse
  112. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  113. (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  114. Desc.
  115. Desc.
  116. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  117. (Hutch.) Desc.
  118. (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
  119. Desc.
  120. Desc.
  121. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  122. (Dewit) Desc.
  123. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  124. Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
  125. (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  126. (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  127. Desc.
  128. Desc.
  129. (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  130. (Baker) Desc.
  131. C. mappia (Lam.) Galet
  132. (Gilg) Desc.
  133. (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  134. (Dewit) Desc.
  135. (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  136. (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
  137. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
  138. (Dewit) Desc.
  139. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  140. (Baker) Desc.
  141. (Chiov.) Desc.
  142. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  143. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  144. (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  145. Desc.
  146. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  147. (Mildbr.) Desc.
  148. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  149. (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  150. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  151. (Hochst. ex Schweinf.) Desc.
  152. (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
  153. (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  154. (Gilg) Desc.
  155. (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  156. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  157. (A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
  158. Desc.
  159. (Dewit) Desc.
  160. (A.Rich.) Vollesen
  161. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  162. Desc.
  163. Vollesen
  164. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  165. (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  166. (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
  167. (Louis ex Dewit) Desc.
  168. (Chiov.) Desc.
  169. Desc.
  170. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  171. (Welw. ex Baker) Desc.
  172. Verdc.
  173. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  174. (Dewit) Desc.
  175. Verdc.
  176. (Dewit) Desc.
  177. (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  178. Desc.
  179. (Dryand.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  180. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  181. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  182. (De Wild.) Desc.
  183. (Gilg) Desc.
  184. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  185. (Dewit) Desc.
  186. Desc.
  187. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  188. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  189. (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  190. Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
  191. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  192. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  193. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  194. Desc.
  195. Desc.
  196. Verdc.
  197. (Chiov.) Desc.
  198. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  199. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  200. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  201. (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  202. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  203. (Mildbr.) Desc.
  204. (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  205. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  206. Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  207. (Planch.) Desc.
  208. (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  209. (Gilg) Desc.
  210. (Dewit) Desc.
  211. (Roxb.) Alston
  212. Verdc.
  213. A.Björnstad
  214. (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  215. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  216. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  217. (Chiov.) Desc.
  218. (Chiov.) Desc.
  219. Verdc.
  220. (Welw. ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  221. (Gilg ex Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  222. (Baker) Desc.
  223. (Dewit) Desc.
  224. (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  225. (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  226. Verdc.
  227. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  228. (Chiov.) Desc.
  229. C. ternatum (Forssk.) Desc.
  230. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  231. Desc.
  232. (Werderm.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  233. (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
  234. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  235. Desc.
  236. (Gilg) Desc.
  237. (Dewit) Desc.
  238. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  239. (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  240. Verdc.
  241. Malaisse & Matamba
  242. (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  243. (Dewit) Desc.
  244. (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  245. Desc.
  246. Verdc.
  247. (Werderm.) Desc.
  248. (Gilg) Desc.
  249. (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  250. (Hook.f.) Desc.
  251. Verdc.
  252. (A.Chev.) Desc.
  253. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  254. (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  255. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  256. Verdc.
  257. (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  258. Verdc.
  259. (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
List sources :[4][5][6]

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
  2. ^ Soejima, A.; Wen, J. (2006), "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers" (PDF), American Journal of Botany, 93 (2): 278–87, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.278, PMID 21646189, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-04
  3. ^ a b G., Miller, Anthony (1988). Plants of Dhofar, the southern region of Oman : traditional, economic, and medicinal uses. Morris, Miranda., Stuart-Smith, Susanna., Oman. Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment. [Muscat]: Prepared and published by the Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. ISBN 978-071570808-8. OCLC 20798112.
  4. ^ Flora of Zimbabwe
  5. ^ Grubben, G. J. H. Vegetables. PROTA. 2004.
  6. ^ NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at theplantlist.org for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at theplantlist that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston subordinate taxa". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.

External links[]

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