David Sanders (biologist)

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David Sanders is an Associate Professor of Biological Sciences at Purdue University.[1] He grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey,[2][3] and then attended the Horace Mann School in Riverdale, New York.[4] He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Yale College in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry.[5] He conducted his Ph.D. research in Biochemistry with Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., who was then editor of the journal Science, at the University of California at Berkeley. Sanders demonstrated that the response regulators in the two-component regulatory systems were phosphorylated on an aspartate residue and that they were protein phosphatases with a covalent intermediate.[6][7]

Scientific career[]

He originated the idea of the "Molecule of the Year" feature in Science.[8] He was a Visiting Scientist at the University of California at San Francisco, and then a postdoctoral fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, which is affiliated with MIT. It was there that he began his studies on the entry of viruses into cells with a focus on the inhibition of infection and applications to gene therapy.

He joined the Markey Center for Structural Biology at Purdue University in 1995, where he was the leader of the Molecular Virology program [9] and also a member of the Cancer Center. He was the discoverer of a biochemical reaction, thiol-disulfide exchange, that leads to the entry of cancer-causing retroviruses into cells.[10][11][12] He also is the primary inventor on two U.S. patents on novel gene-therapy delivery techniques.[13][14]

His work on the Ebola virus led to his participation in the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Biological Weapons Proliferation Prevention Program, a product of the Nunn-Lugar legislation.[15] His responsibilities included inspecting the Vector laboratory in Siberia, which was the site of biological-weapons development in the era of the Soviet Union. He has investigated the transmission of viruses from other animals, especially birds, to humans and has been invited to speak on ethics,[16] biodefense, evolution, gene therapy, vaccination and influenza viruses in public forums including regular interviews on WIBC in Indianapolis,[17]

He is a recipient of a National Science Foundation Career Award for his work on an enzyme that is involved in production of the greenhouse gas and potential energy source, methane [18] He is also an American Cancer Society Research Scholar. In 2003 he conducted his sabbatical research at the Weizmann Institute in Israel.

Sanders has been a vocal critic of the Science article authored by Felisa Wolfe-Simon and Paul Davies in which the discovery of arsenic-based life is claimed.[19] Sanders has argued that the original Science article on the arsenic bacteria should be retracted on the basis that the data in the paper were misrepresented in the article.[20][21]

Sanders's work on the Ebola virus led to media interviews during the 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in Western Africa. He declared that there was little risk on infection for the individual American and asserted that the panic about the virus could be worse than the disease in the United States.[22] He was an early advocate of focusing on regional centers as places for treatment of Ebola virus victims in the United States[23] and asserted that patients should share their travel history whenever they meet with a medical provider, stating, "If you go to South America or East Asia there is a different ensemble of possible diseases associated with a set of symptoms, and the physician won't necessarily think about them if he isn't aware of where you've been traveling recently."[24] He opposed mandatory quarantines for asymptomatic patients that may have been exposed to Ebola virus.[25] Sanders wrote an article about his experience with the media including an encounter with Karl Rove.[26]

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak Sanders has been interviewed about the science behind public policy.[27] [28] He was reported to have criticized President Donald Trump for touting the use of chloroquine as a treatment for Coronavirus disease 2019.[29]

According to The New York Times , Sanders has been responsible for contacting scientific journals and obtaining corrections and retractions of articles by Carlo M. Croce. Sanders "has made claims of falsified data and plagiarism directly to scientific journals where more than 20 of Croce's papers have been published."[30] In 2017 Croce filed a defamation lawsuit against Sanders, who was quoted in The New York Times article that reported allegations of scientific misconduct against Croce.[31] In May 2020 Croce lost the defamation lawsuit against Sanders, with the presiding judge writing that "[d]iscovery has proved the existence of about 30 instances of fabrication or duplication" in Croce's research papers and that "Sanders has a knack for detecting image duplication and remembering the blots he sees reported in scientific journals."[32] The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit of Appeal upheld the dismissal of the lawsuit, stating, "Journals have found research problems and plagiarism in articles coming from Croce’s lab. Sometimes, the problems were severe enough for the journals to publish corrections or expressions of concern (and sometimes to withdraw the paper). However you define 'scientific norms,' we know that academic journals felt some responsibility to alert the scientific community about problems in some of Croce’s papers. That suggests the papers contained problems outside the range of acceptable research and publishing practices. Thus, the statement that people in Croce’s lab have violated scientific norms is substantially true."[33] Sanders was interviewed about his experience defending himself in the suit wherein he recommended collaborations between scientific whistleblowers.[34]

Sanders argues that plagiarism is a serious academic issue that must be confronted.[35] He also maintains that guest authors are plagiarists and offers a simpler definition of plagiarism.[36]

Sanders authored an article on reforming grant peer review with the goal of reducing bias.[37]

An article by Sanders was featured among a collection about keeping up with the contemporary academic literature.[38] He has also described new approaches to developing the literary skills of graduate students in the sciences[39] and rubrics for how to write (and how not to write) a scientific review article.[40]

Sanders has narrated how he became a scientific detective.[41]

In his role with the Purdue University Senate, Sanders criticized the inconsistent application of the free speech policies by the Purdue University administration and President Mitch Daniels.[42] A Purdue University Board of Trustees member responded with an attack on his opinion piece.[43][44]

As Chair of the Purdue University Senate, Sanders has published a statement of academic principles.[45]

Political career[]

Sanders was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the 4th District of Indiana in 2004 (lost to Steve Buyer) and 2006 (lost to Steve Buyer again). He was also elected by Democrats of the 4th Congressional District of Indiana to serve as a delegate pledged to Barack Obama at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.[46]

On January 21, 2010, Sanders filed as a candidate for Indiana's 4th Congressional District[47][48][49] followed by an appearance on CNN[50] with the announcement of Steve Buyer's resignation. Sanders was defeated by Todd Rokita. In a discussion about gerrymandering he referred to Indiana's 4th Congressional District as having been drawn so that it was "No Republican Left Behind." [51]

On November 3, 2015, Sanders was elected as a City Councilor At-Large for West Lafayette.[52] On November 5, 2019 David Sanders was reelected as a City Councilor At-Large for West Lafayette.[53] He was featured in an interview in Science magazine in June 2010[54] and in the book "Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America" by Shawn Lawrence Otto.[55] He has also written about the myth of the skills gap.[56]

In his role as City Councilor Sanders sponsored a resolution declaring West Lafayette a "machaseh" — that is, a refuge for immigrants.[57][58]

References[]

  1. ^ Department Biological Sciences, Purdue University, [1], Web. August 31, 2018,
  2. ^ "What I Learn From My Weekly Walks to Synagogue". The Forward.
  3. ^ "Jewish Post 10 March 2004 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program". newspapers.library.in.gov.
  4. ^ [2][dead link]
  5. ^ "David Sanders Lab, Bio" [3], Web. February 2, 2010
  6. ^ Sanders, D. A.; Gillece-Castro, B. L.; Stock, A. M.; Burlingame, A. L.; Koshland, D. E. (December 25, 1989). "Identification of the site of phosphorylation of the chemotaxis response regulator protein, CheY". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (36): 21770–21778. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)88250-7. PMID 2689446.
  7. ^ Sanders, DA; Gillece-Castro, BL; Burlingame, AL; Koshland, DE (1992). "Phosphorylation site of NtrC, a protein phosphatase whose covalent intermediate activates transcription". J. Bacteriol. 174 (15): 5117–22. doi:10.1128/jb.174.15.5117-5122.1992. PMC 206329. PMID 1321122.
  8. ^ "'Science' Names Molecule of the Year". CHE. January 10, 1990. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  9. ^ "Indy.com | Post: Schools waging the good fight against flu | Indianapolis, Indiana." Indy.com | Indianapolis, Indiana., [4], Web. February 2, 2010
  10. ^ Avram Sanders, David (2002). "Sulfhydryl Involvement in Fusion Mechanisms". Subcellular Biochemistry. 34: 483–514. doi:10.1007/0-306-46824-7_13. ISBN 0-306-46313-X. PMID 10808342.
  11. ^ Sanders, D (2003). "Ancient viruses in the fight against HIV". Drug Discovery Today. 8 (7): 287–291. doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02651-5. PMID 12654538.
  12. ^ Pinter, A; Kopelman, R; Li, Z; Kayman, S C; Sanders, D A (1997). "Localization of the labile disulfide bond between SU and TM of the murine leukemia virus envelope protein complex to a highly conserved CWLC motif in SU that resembles the active-site sequence of thiol-disulfide exchange enzymes". Journal of Virology. 71 (10): 8073–8077. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.10.8073-8077.1997. PMC 192174. PMID 9311907.
  13. ^ US 7033595, "Pseudotyped retroviruses and stable cell lines for their production" 
  14. ^ US 7981656, "Pseudotyped retrovirus with modified ebola glycoprotein" 
  15. ^ "Making a name by being himself." Evansville Courier & Press: Local Evansville, Indiana News Delivered Throughout the Day., [5], Web. February 2, 2010.
  16. ^ "Student Pugwash conference at Purdue University. : Adventures in Ethics and Science." ScienceBlogs., [6] Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Web. February 2, 2010.
  17. ^ "Researchers Continue Learning About H1N1 | Indy's News Center - 93.1 WIBC Indianapolis - Live. Local. First." Indy's News Center - 93.1 WIBC Indianapolis - Live. Local. First., [7], Web. February 2, 2010
  18. ^ "DIR9." Nsf.gov - National Science Foundation - US National Science Foundation (NSF). , [8]. Web. February 2, 2010.
  19. ^ "The Alien Discovery that Wasn't" Odyssey magazine
  20. ^ Marcus, Author Adam (July 9, 2012). "Despite refutation, Science arsenic life paper deserves retraction, scientist argues".
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ "Video". www.youtube.com. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  23. ^ "Video". www.youtube.com. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  24. ^ Service, Indiana News. "Not All Hospitals Equipped to Treat Ebola". NUVO.
  25. ^ Ashley Fantz. "New Jersey releases nurse quarantined in Ebola scare". CNN.
  26. ^ "Catching the bug | Columns | Journal Gazette". www.journalgazette.net.
  27. ^ "Article". www.bloomberg.com.
  28. ^ "Article". www.bloomberg.com.
  29. ^ "Article". www.bloomberg.com.
  30. ^ Glanz, James; Armendariz, Agustin (March 8, 2017). "Years of Ethics Charges, but Star Cancer Researcher Gets a Pass" – via NYTimes.com.
  31. ^ "Croce v. Sanders". PacerMonitor LLC. April 20, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  32. ^ [9] The 12th May 2020 Opinion and Order. [10]
  33. ^ [11]
  34. ^ [12]
  35. ^ "We must take academic plagiarism seriously". Times Higher Education (THE). October 11, 2018.
  36. ^ "Guest authors are plagiarists". Times Higher Education (THE). March 30, 2020.
  37. ^ "Peer review should be a two-stage, science-first process". Times Higher Education (THE). April 4, 2019.
  38. ^ "How can academics keep up with the literature?". Times Higher Education (THE). August 22, 2019.
  39. ^ "Scientists should use new pedagogical techniques to help Ph.D. student learn how to write for their fields (opinion) | Inside Higher Ed". www.insidehighered.com.
  40. ^ Sanders, David Avram (July 1, 2020). "How to write (and how not to write) a scientific review article". Clinical Biochemistry. 81: 65–68. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.006. PMID 32371050.
  41. ^ "Each scientist must stand up, at all costs, for the truth". Times Higher Education (THE). July 9, 2020.
  42. ^ Sanders, David. "Where Purdue, Daniels failed on free speech". Journal and Courier.
  43. ^ Brouillette, JoAnn. "Trustee: Attack on Daniels by prof is political". Journal and Courier.
  44. ^ Bangert, Dave. "Bangert: Us-vs.-them time at Purdue". Journal and Courier.
  45. ^ Sanders, David. "Op-ed: Principles we must keep at Purdue". Journal and Courier.
  46. ^ "Indiana Democrat Delegation 2008." The Green Papers: United States Midterm Election 2010. [13]. Web. February 2, 2010.
  47. ^ "Sanders Makes Third Run for House Seat." WLFI.com [14] Archived January 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Web. January 21, 2010.
  48. ^ sallen@thehj.com, SCOTT ALLEN. "Hershman, Rokita to run". Newsbug.info.
  49. ^ Times, The Hoosier. "Reporter Times". The Hoosier Times.
  50. ^ "Video". www.youtube.com. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  51. ^ "City Council supports resolution to change redistricting". Purdue Exponent.
  52. ^ Bangert, Dave. "WL mayor gets his team, 'more or less'". Journal and Courier.
  53. ^ Bangert, Dave. "Election results 2019: Six West Lafayette City Council incumbents win". Journal and Courier.
  54. ^ Three Q's, Science magazine Volume 328, Number 5984, Issue of June 11, 2010 , [15]. Web. January 4, 2011.
  55. ^ "Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America", Chapter 14 , [16]. Web. January 4, 2011.
  56. ^ [17][dead link]
  57. ^ Ervin, Jeremy. "Immigration resolution passes West Side city council". Journal and Courier.
  58. ^ [18][dead link]

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